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정원조(Jung, Won-Jo),정필운(Jung, Pil-Woon) 서울대학교 공익산업법센터 2014 경제규제와 법 Vol.7 No.2
수직적 규율체계를 극복하고 수평적 규율체계로 나아가야 한다는 주장에도 불구하고 우리 방송통신법제는「방송법」,「인터넷멀티미디어방송사업법」,「전기통신사업법」등에 의해 규율되는 수직적 규율체계를 유지하고 있다. 이러한 법체계에서 평등의 관점에서 제기되는 동일 서비스 동일 규제에 대한 요구는 피할 수 없는 현실이다. 그러나 모든 비대칭 규제가 개정의 대상이 되는 것은 아니며 그것이 정당한 차별인지 부당한 차별인지 판단이 필요하다. 이 글은 변화하는 미디어 환경에서 유료방송의 비대칭 규제 현황을 살펴보고「방송법」,「인터넷멀티미디어방송사업법」의 통합법 마련을 위한 과제를 제시하는 것을 목적으로 한다. 이러한 목적을 달성하기 위하여 우선 유료방송의 의미와 시장 구조, 시장 현황, 환경 변화를 고찰하였다(Ⅱ). 그리고 유료방송 규제 현황을 개관하고, 진입규제, 소유규제, 겸영규제, 요금규제, 채널편성규제, 내용규제, 금지행위규제 등으로 분류하고 차례로 검토하였다(Ⅲ). 마지막으로 이상의 논의를 정리하며 글을 맺었다(Ⅳ). 그 결과 현재 남아있는 비대칭 규제 중 일부는 과감하게 대칭 규제로 개정하여야 하며, 일부는 공정경쟁의 관점에서는 문제가 있지만 미디어 정책적인 관점에서 여전히 의미있는 규제로 그대로 존속하거나 그 구체적인 내용을 변화하여야 한다고 판단하였다. 한편, 공정경쟁의 관점과 미디어 정책적인 관점에서 새로 도입하여야 할 규제도 있다고 판단하고 이를 주장하였다. Converged media environment which transforms our life demands to reform the laws which regulate the media. It claims to overcome demerits of vertical discipline system which provides different regulating laws depending on the network of service, and to provide a horizontal discipline system concerning networks, contents, and platforms are influential. However, we are still taking vertical discipline system based on「Broadcasting Act」,「Internet Multimedia Broadcasting Business Act」. This article is intended to provide the status and issues of asymmetric regulation of payTV in vertical discipline system which is regulating by「Broadcasting Act」and「Internet Multimedia Broadcasting Business Act」. For this purpose, first, it is necessary to examine the meaning of PayTV, market structure, market current situation, environment changes (Ⅱ). In addition, this article provides issues of asymmetric regulation of payTV in vertical discipline system (Ⅲ). The discussion is concluded and wrapped up (Ⅳ).
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박윤수(Youn-Soo Park),진동현(Dong-Hyun Jin),고영진(Young-Jin Ko),윤기탁(Gi-Tak Yun),정원호(Won-Ho Jung),송승범(Seungbeom Song),박현범(Hyeon Beom Park),강보연(Bo-Yeon Kang),전동운(Dong-Woon Jeon) 한국디지털콘텐츠학회 2023 한국디지털콘텐츠학회논문지 Vol.24 No.5
The cryptocurrency market has grown rapidly since 2017; major countries worldwide, including the United States of America, Japan, and China, are attempting to establish institutional safeguards, reviewing the issuance of Central Bank Digital Currency (CBDC), and considering cryptocurrency as a virtual asset. Although various assessment methods and criteria have been proposed to evaluate virtual assets comprehensively, there are only a few studies concerning the methods used to assess the risk of virtual assets as a tool to protect investors. Therefore, in this study, we analyzed the current state of the virtual asset industry as well as of the studies related to virtual asset evaluation. In addition, we derived the criteria for risk assessment of virtual assets. For this purpose, we organized a consultative group of 10 experts who have experience in business modeling and technology evaluation. Consequently, we derived the key criteria to evaluate the risk of virtual assets by Delphi analysis. We believe that this study will contribute to policy-making and research activities in the domain of virtual assets.
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쥐 갑상선자극호르몬 방출호르몬 유전자의 TPA 반응요소 규명
김진우,최영길,김영설,양인명,우정택,김성운,서광식,정원운,최용길,박승준 대한내분비학회 1995 Endocrinology and metabolism Vol.10 No.3
There are two potential imperfect copies of the TRE consensus sequence between -47 and -113bp position on 5' upstream of the rat TRH gene. The upstream element(5'-TGcCgTCA-3') is located between -101 bp and -94 bp, and the downstream element(5'-TGAcCTCA-3') is positioned between -59bp and -52bp relative to the stranscription start site. The downstream variant differs from the consensus sequence of TRE(AP-1)(5'-TGACTCA-3'), by addition of one nucleotide. As there is no direct evidence that TPA stimulates the transcription of rat TRH gene, and there is no study to define TRE of the rat TRH gene, we performed Northern blot assay, transient gene expression study and gel shift assay to identify TRE. TRH mRNA expression of CA77 cells was increased about 2-2.5 fold 30 min after TPA stimulation. When PC12 cells were stimulated by TPA after transfection of the plasmids containing serially deleted 5'upstream of the rat TRH gene ligated to luciferase gene, the transcription of luciferase gene was increased more than 3.2 fold with the plasmid pTRH(-600/84)Luc and pTRH(-113/84)Luc. However, the transcriptional activation was remarkably decreased less than 1.6 fold with pTRH(-77/84)Luc, pTRH(-47/84)Luc, and pTRH(6/84)Luc. The plasmid containing the sequence of -108/-79 did not show any significant activation in both of basal and TPA-stimulated transcription, whereas the plasmid containing the sequence of -70/-41 showed a slight but significant transcriptional activation by TPA. The plasmid containing the sequence of -114/-47 showed remarkable increase in basal transcription and TPA induced transcription of luciferase gene. Gel shift assay revealed that the oligonucleotides spanning -108/-79 and -70/-41 bound to c-Jun, whereas the oligonucleotides spanning -40/1, 1/30, 31/60, 61/84 did not bind. The oligonucleotide of -70/-41 bound to c-Jun with higher affinity compared to that of -108/-79. The one base pair mutant of -70/-41(deletion of C from the middle of TGACCTCA) bound to c-Jun with higher affinity, whereas the one base pair replaced mutant(C to G) bound with lower affinity compared to the wild type oligonucleotide. These results suggest that the rat TRH gene expression is stimulated by TPA to a smaller degree compared to that of other genes, and the two elements act cooperatively as TRE. The downstream TRE variant is mainly responsible for TPA response and c-Jun binding, and the upstream variant play a permissive role for transcriptional activation. The addition of one nucleotide C in the downstream element may be responsible for the relatively lower response of the rat TRH gene to TPA(J Kor Soc Endocrinol 10: 200-213, 1995)
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