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『淸史稿』에 나타난 동아시아 주변국 인식 — 「屬國傳」과 「邦交志」를 중심으로 —
정동연 중국근현대사학회 2018 중국근현대사연구 Vol.80 No.-
在中国,自古以来就有新王朝记录旧王朝历史的‘易代修史’的传统。然而中国的24史仅仅记录到了明史,并没有包含清史。清朝灭亡以后,中华民国在1914年便开始编纂清史,但因政治混乱与西方侵略的扩张,最终在1928年发行了未完成的『清史稿』。此后『清史稿』在台湾和大陆都被认为是批判和需要修改的对象,却始终没能充分展开对『清史稿』本身的讨论。但是,将『清史稿』定位在清朝和民国,中华秩序和条约秩序的中间地带,那么其研究的必要性就变得更加重要。因此本文将梳理『清史稿』的「属国传」和「邦交志」中出现的对东亚邻国的认识。 1914年3月,清史馆成立以后,首先展开了关于清史叙述体例的议论,最终决定使用传统正史的编纂方式。然而在民国时期开始编纂『清史稿』的时候,记录邻国与邻民族的方式产生了巨大的变化。首先,以往的「外国传」改为「属国传」。再者,在「属国传」之外新设了「邦交志」,叙述了欧洲各国,日本等宗属关系之外的国家。 根据『清史述闻』,关于外国叙述方式的主张可以整理为几种类型。其中主张将关于邻国和邻民族的内容编为「传」的主张占据了绝大多数。这说明民国成立之后虽然已经完全纳入条约秩序中,但以中华秩序为根基的思想认识极大地影响着当时的中国人。 而<属国传>的编纂过程十分仓促。另一方面,「邦交志」与「属国传」相比,经历了相当系统的编纂过程。值得注意的是,「邦交志」的执笔人员中吴广霈和李岳瑞是从事对外交涉和外交活动的人员,他们具备了相关专业知识和丰富的经验。 『清史稿』中“外国”和“属国”重合的部分减少。「属国传」说明了17世纪的东亚世界中清朝登场并征服周边地区确定朝贡/册封关系的过程,然后再叙述19世纪末这些国家从清朝的宗主权脱离的过程。而在叙述过程中排除了与这一主旨不符的一些事件,可以了解到「属国传」中只选取了符合属国地位的事件叙述。另一方面,「邦交志」中一共有18个国家,其中东亚邻国中只有日本收录在邦交六中。虽然日本是东亚的邻国,但因为收录在「邦交志」中,所以对日本的叙述大大不同于收录在「属国传」中的国家。把日本分类到「邦交志」中的标准正是条约关系的存在与否。 但是<属国传>和<邦交志>的区分十分随意。<属国传>对朝鲜、琉球、越南的叙述主要集中在这些国家成为属国的过程和脱离属国的过程,其余的事件被有意省略或排除在外。另一方面,<邦交志>关于日本的叙述则省略了维新之前的情况,主要关注清日修好条规之后的关系。『清史稿』中不仅蕴含着视朝鲜为属国的清朝的认识,还蕴含着只把朝鲜规定为属国的民国的态度。
PSD 센서 및 Back Propagation 알고리즘을 이용한 AM1 로봇의 견질 제어
정동연,한성현,Jung, Dong-Yean,Han, Sung-Hyun 한국산업융합학회 2004 한국산업융합학회 논문집 Vol.7 No.2
Neural networks are used in the framework of sensor based tracking control of robot manipulators. They learn by practice movements the relationship between PSD(an analog Position Sensitive Detector) sensor readings for target positions and the joint commands to reach them. Using this configuration, the system can track or follow a moving or stationary object in real time. Furthermore, an efficient neural network architecture has been developed for real time learning. This network uses multiple sets of simple back propagation networks one of which is selected according to which division (Corresponding to a cluster of the self-organizing feature map) in data space the current input data belongs to. This lends itself to a very training and processing implementation required for real time control.
정동연,이우송,안인모,한성현 한국공작기계학회 2001 한국공작기계학회 춘계학술대회논문집 Vol.2001 No.-
In this paper, we have proposed a new approach to the design of robot vision system to develop the technology for the automatic test and assembling of precision mechanical and electronic parts for the factory automation. In order to perform real time implementation of the automatic assembling tasks in the complex processes, we have developed an intelligent control algorithm based-on neural networks control theory to enhance the precise motion control. Implementing of the automatic test tasks has been performed by the real-time vision algorithm based-on TMS320C31 DSPs. It distinguishes correctly the difference between the acceptable and unacceptable defective item through pattern recognition of parts by the developed vision algorithm. Finally, the performance of proposed robot vision system has been illustrated by experiment for the similar model of fifth cell among the twelve cell for automatic test and assembling in S company.
정동연,김종수,한성현 한국공작기계학회 2003 한국공작기계학회 추계학술대회논문집 Vol.2003 No.-
This paper proposed trajectory tracking control of Mobile Robot. Trajectory tracking control scheme are Real coding Genetic-Algorithm and Back-propergation Algorithm. Control scheme ability experience proposed simulation.