조명희 소설의 시간, 시간의식

정덕준(Chung Duk-Joon) 성곡언론문화재단 1994 성곡논총 Vol.25 No.1

재중 조선족소설 전개 양상과 그 특성 -1949년 ~ 1976년의 작품을 중심으로

정덕준 ( Chung Duk-joon ),김기주 ( Kim Ki Joo ) 한국문학이론과 비평학회 2003 한국문학이론과 비평 Vol.21 No.-

This thesis intends to look at the development of the Chinese-Korean novels from the foundation of China in 1949 to the middle of 1970's,and to explain the characteristics and theme in this period's novels. The Chinese-Korean novels in China can he said the novel which is written by Chinese-Korean writers, who have the China's nationality after the 1945’s emancipation and are living as the minor ethnic group, and written in Korean. Developing in the new social, cultural surrounding, the Chinese-Korean novels are unfolded the following three stages, enlightenment period(1949 first half 1957),dark period(latter half 1957-1976), renaissance period(1976 first half 1980’s), maturity period(latter half 1980’s latter half 1990's). After the foundation of China in 1949, Chinese-Korean .society in China came in contact with the new political, living surroundings. And that literary circle was re-ordered under the new political ideology and literary art's policy. In other words, it must receive the literary art’s policy and literary ideology of the party, what is called creative technique of Socialist Realism. So the writers of Chinese-Korean literary circle had lo have dose relationship with the laborer and peasant, and serve for them. In addition to, they had to establish the country’s discipline correctly, and conform to the social morality. Their works had to represent the laborer's real life, encourage the struggle consciousness, and describe the 'heroic people' who are engaged in the production and construction. However, the Chinese-Korean novels in enlightenment period described not the change of social, political revolution itself but the human's unevitable mental change. Because the writers accepted the Socialist Realism or the literary art’s policy of party conceptually, that literary trend wasn't appeared in their works yet. And the novels in this period grasp and represent the reality positively, admiring peasant's delight, laborer's energetic life, or teacher’s reliable figure. This can be .said as the characteristics in this period's novel with the creative technique of Socialist Realism. Beginning with the ‘anti-right’ struggle, the Chinese society in dark period entered the age of 'class struggle’. The literature is degraded as the tool of political struggle also. The Chinese-Korean society in this period had to follow the party’s policy, so the writers quit writing novels compulsively. However, the literary circle of Chinese-Korean is reorganized by the entrance of literary field of laborer, peasant and student, and by the artificial change of writer's by the political pressure. These political, cultural movements makes the characteristics of Chinese-Korean literature change. It can be said as the 'patternization of literature’, 'Chinese-zation' The Chinese-Korean novels in dark period couldn’t escape from the frame of schematization and conceptualization. That pattern is as follows. The ‘double union’ literary trend must reflect the revolutionary thought of heroic man, and the literary art must obey to the politics and reflect the class struggle. Therefore the novels of this age were limited in the theme, and the creative technique were rough and standardized. Those novels1 main themes reflected and praised these days' social phenomena positively. So we can estimate the authentic literary level of these days from the latent creative faculty.

일제강점기 재중 조선인 소설 연구 - 1910년~1949년의 전개 양상을 중심으로

정덕준(Chung Duk-Joon),정현숙(Jung Hyun-sook) 한국언어문학회 2004 한국언어문학 Vol.53 No.-

This thesis intends to look the development and characteristic of Chinese-Korean Novels under the Japanese colony and to examine the literary historical meaning of them. The novels of 1910's had the characteristic of illuminational literature, which emphasis national consciousness and independence, and that of national literature. The representative writers are Shin Chae-Ho and Gi-Wol. The novels of 1920's described settlers' conflict with Chinese landowner and their poverty and suffering because of the Japanese colony rule in China likewise in their homeland. The representative writers are Choi Seo-Hae and Han Seol-Ya and Joo Yo-Han. The novels from 1930 to 1940's described various lives of settlers : an anti-Japanese struggle, a will of settle, and escapism. The representative writers are Kang Kyoung-Ae and An Soo-Kil and Hyun Kyung-Joon. The novels from 1945 to 1949 described an anti-Japanese movement in the period under the Japanese rule. The representative writers are Kim Hak-Cheol and Kim Chang-Geol.

다매체 시대의 문학교육 방향에 관한 연구

정덕준 ( Duk-joon Chung ) 한국문학이론과 비평학회 2001 한국문학이론과 비평 Vol.12 No.-

Many people say that we are faced with ‘a crisis of the humanities' today. But it is certain that a society of up―do-date information and high-tech industry may need to promote more studies of the humanities in broder sense. And when we take it into consideration that humanistic thinking with speculative concern for general being and artistic expression contributes to making a man of character, the work to admit and write literary works has a close bearing on such a speculation. Accordingly, in this study, we searched some changes of literary education in high schools and examined the current situation of Korean cultural studies followed by efforts to find a concrete way to meet the new challenges in the multimedia age. There still remains lots of problems. In middle and high schools, imagination, sensibility and humanistic speculation of the learners are not encouraged. On the contrary, they are restrained. As a teacher is the main body of the class, learners are inevitably fallen down to the passive ones, regardless of their capabilities and interests. Fortunately, in this 7th Korean Language Education Course, 4the admission and writing’ of literature is being emphasized as the aim of literary education. This means means that literary education can bear a good result only when the learners actively participate and play proper roles in their studies. Considering this, teachers should continuosly develop new teaching methods for effective learning. Some insist that literary education should accommodate not only higher culture but pop culture produced by mass media. And in writing, we should look for possible ways through new media: Co-writing of poem or novel in writing exercise, paralyzing of old works, and trials for changing genre. In addition, peer evaluation can also be used as a way of evaluation. It is needless to say that literary education should meet the needs of the times. It must be the very one that increases one’s language competence through the admission of literature and creative writing and that will be able to restore the vanishing humanities.

박 미하일의 『개미도시』 연구 : 주제의식을 중심으로

여하나(Yeo, Hana),정덕준(Chung, Duk-joon) 한국언어문학회 2020 한국언어문학 Vol.115 No.-

This article has its purpose in examining the narrative technique of the novel “Ants City” by CIS Korean writer Mikhail Park and explains its technical characteristics and implications, and in explaining the thematic consciousness intended to be presented by the author. “Ants City” is a fable novel that narrates on how a ‘human’ in human world met an ‘ant’ which evolved into anthropomorphous shape by chance and how he entered the ant’s world. In this work, the author depicts lives of ants which are suppressed by oppressive powers in a controlled society, and the contradictory and irrational social system that supports the ant society from a critical perspective. From these, he presents questions and reflection on the underlying image of human and the values that humans should aim for. “Ants City” has a unique form and a different theme compared to other novels written by the author. The novel is unlike the other novels that repeatedly exposes the problem of identity in his previous novels, the novel covers the inborn problems of human beings through the allegory technique, which is closely related to the situation of the times. Mikhail Park created this work after the dissolution of the Soviet Union. Contrary to expectations, Russian society at that time was full of divisions and confusion. There was a chaotic situation where no one knew what kind of society would come. In the context of this social situation, Mikhail Park devises what he must pursue in order to live a ‘better life’ and a ‘human life’ and puts it in the “Ants City” as an allegory technique. In this work, Mikhail Park critically reflects on the past history of the Soviet Union and the chaos present after it’s dissolution. Mikhail Park conveys the message that regaining human nature is one way to overcome the reality of chaos that cannot be predicted.

재외 한인문학 연구 -CIS 지역 한인문학을 중심으로

김정훈 ( Kim Jung-hoon ),정덕준 ( Chung Duk-joon ) 한국문학이론과 비평학회 2006 한국문학이론과 비평 Vol.31 No.-

This treatise studied Korean’s emigrant and domiciliation process that appear to the Korean Literature in CIS. After they move to the Russia, I divided all time until present by greatly four time. First is the time of Maritime Province of Siberia before encounter deportation to Central Asia in 1937 since 19th century middle part. The Korean Literature of this time is foregrounding strong nationality and anti-Japanese combative consciousness stand on proletarian internationalism. Second is the time that is hard struggle against the state in deportation by Stalin and thenceforward is deprived of a certificate of residence for survival. The Korean Literature in this time is doing with uneasiness and fear about the future. So, they show intentional forgetfulness or silence about deportation. On the one hand, they give a demonstration to Soviet government of the man that want to becomes endeavor hero, and that praise Lenin, Stalin, and Soviet system. Third is the time of reformation and opening policy that started posthumously of. Stalin’s death. The Korean Literature have one's heyday in this time. The last generation who used Hangul write a large number of poetry. They damn deportation and subsequent pain by Stalin with faint praise, and rekindle Korean’s pride in Soviet Russia. Also, they said friendship with Kazakhstan that gave them a warm reception in those days. The Last is the time from reformation and opening policy to the present day. At that time, the generation who used Russian constitute mainstream of Korean literature in CIS. For this, when interchange with interior Korean writers occurs on this account,Korean writers in CIS feels shame and flustered feel. Korean literature in CIS after that try a shift to do erect the own identity, and come in history’s restoration including deportation. On the one hand, They produced write works with diversify subject matter and theme, and compose a poem with several artistic techniques. The Korean Literature in CIS is faithfully reflecting their twice emigration and domiciliation process. Their works recently written by Russian. However, it have common feelings and sensibilities as we are. Because, we must give attention to their literature.

재중 조선족 문학비평 연구 : 1949년~1990년대 후반

정덕준,이상갑 한국현대문예비평학회 2003 한국문예비평연구 Vol.- No.13

After liberation the literary criticism of a Chinese-Korean people was begun with the basic enlightenment in a blank condition. The literary enlightenment had an extreme left-trend as a political instrument of propaganda. But in the first half of the 1957's the literary criticism of a Chinese-Korean people worked for the essential phase of literature. And yet the attempt died on its' feet by the struggle against the right faction. After the struggle the instrument of propaganda in literature was strengthened, and in the middle term of 1960's the tendency of a class struggle in literature was more deepened. Moreover after the great revolution of culture the three projection-principle required the class consciousness of literature more thoroughly. But after the middle term of 1980's the revaluation of realism and the controversy on the idea-renewal was attempted to overcome its' difficulty. Herewith the literary world was diversified. The open realism, that's it. Hereby the literary world of a Chinese-Korean people arrived at puberty.