조명희 소설의 시간, 시간의식

정덕준(Chung Duk-Joon) 성곡언론문화재단 1994 성곡논총 Vol.25 No.1

일제강점기 재만 조선인 소설 연구 - 이주 정착 양상을 중심으로

정덕준(Chung Dukjoon),정현숙(Jung Hyunsook) 한국언어문학회 2006 한국언어문학 Vol.57 No.-

  This study sought to examine the immigration pattern and settlement process of the Korean immigrants described in the Korean immigrant literature on Manchuria in the period of Japanese colonial rule and by doing so, to identify the nature of the Korean immigrant literature on Manchuria and the meaning of a national literature.<BR>  The Korean immigrant literature on Manchuria described the tragedy of the early Korean immigrants as well as a strong intention for resettlement in Manchuria.<BR>  An Sugil"s “Byu” “Bookhangdo”, Kim Changgul"s “Armya”, Hyun Kyungjoon"s “Sungusidae” are the representative literature. Besides, the Korean immigrant literature on Manchuria criticized on the Manchuria"s policy and expressed strong resistance toward it. Sihn Seoya"s “Chusuk”, Hyun Kyungjoon"s “Milsoo” “Byul” are the exemplary literature on the above described critique and resistance. Furthermore, these literature criticized the contradiction of Manchuria"s policy through the phenomena of drug addiction and articulated a despair of the intellectual. Those characteristics are well described in Hwang Gun"s “Jehwa”, Kang Kyungae"s “Mayack”, Hyun Kyungjoon"s “Mayemye kumsun”, Choi Myungik"s “Simmoon”.<BR>  All of these literature realistically described the migration experience and resettlement process by focusing on the various life styles and experiences of the Korean immigrants on Manchuria.

다매체 시대의 문학교육 방향에 관한 연구

정덕준 ( Duk-joon Chung ) 한국문학이론과 비평학회 2001 한국문학이론과 비평 Vol.12 No.-

Many people say that we are faced with ‘a crisis of the humanities' today. But it is certain that a society of up―do-date information and high-tech industry may need to promote more studies of the humanities in broder sense. And when we take it into consideration that humanistic thinking with speculative concern for general being and artistic expression contributes to making a man of character, the work to admit and write literary works has a close bearing on such a speculation. Accordingly, in this study, we searched some changes of literary education in high schools and examined the current situation of Korean cultural studies followed by efforts to find a concrete way to meet the new challenges in the multimedia age. There still remains lots of problems. In middle and high schools, imagination, sensibility and humanistic speculation of the learners are not encouraged. On the contrary, they are restrained. As a teacher is the main body of the class, learners are inevitably fallen down to the passive ones, regardless of their capabilities and interests. Fortunately, in this 7th Korean Language Education Course, 4the admission and writing’ of literature is being emphasized as the aim of literary education. This means means that literary education can bear a good result only when the learners actively participate and play proper roles in their studies. Considering this, teachers should continuosly develop new teaching methods for effective learning. Some insist that literary education should accommodate not only higher culture but pop culture produced by mass media. And in writing, we should look for possible ways through new media: Co-writing of poem or novel in writing exercise, paralyzing of old works, and trials for changing genre. In addition, peer evaluation can also be used as a way of evaluation. It is needless to say that literary education should meet the needs of the times. It must be the very one that increases one’s language competence through the admission of literature and creative writing and that will be able to restore the vanishing humanities.

개혁개방 시기 재중 조선족 소설 연구 - 1976~1995년대 전반기 작품을 중심으로 -

정덕준(Chung Duk-Joan) 한국언어문학회 2003 한국언어문학 Vol.51 No.-

This thesis intends to make a scrutiny into the Chinese-Korean novels from the middle half of 1970's, and make clear the special quality and thematic consciousness of novels in these periods. In these periods, China pursues the policy of Reform-Opening and economic construction. likewise, the freedom of creation is partly accepted, so the literature escapes the bondage of policy, and begins to recover the proper shape of literature itself. The Chinese- Korean novels in these periods are influenced by the Chinese literature. Moreover, they describes the phase of change of Chinese-Korean society. 'the novel of social conditions' which describes truthfully the Chinese-Korean daily life, and 'the novel of slash', and then 'the novel of reflection' are rightly those. After the latter half of 1980's, the Chinese-Korean novels attempts the interchange with Korea. In result, the scope of subject matter of work is deepened. Besides, the theme of work, creative technique are also diversified The pursuit to the human substance, the concern about vivid self-discovery, the desire for existence of Chinese-Korean and change in the thinking-method are those. Moreover, the novels in this period adapt the historical fact as the subject, so reflect the history of revolutionary struggle of Chinese-Korean and their history of immigrant thematically. In addition to, they excavate the national spirit and show it exactly. The novels in this period develops with priority given to the short-story. But after the latter half of 1980's, the capable writers publish the medium-length Story, and the full-length story. This is an outcome of Chinese-Korean novel in new age. However, the diversified eyesight and objective spirit of times are demanded more thoroughly. In other words, the novels of Chinese-Korean must habe the open vision about other countries' literature and life. Specially, in the society of Chinese-Korean which confronts with the reformation and open, the clash between original value and new value is inevitable. So the novel of Chinese- Korean must think ahead and express the various aspect of change broadly.

재중 조선족소설 전개 양상과 그 특성 -1949년 ~ 1976년의 작품을 중심으로

정덕준 ( Chung Duk-joon ),김기주 ( Kim Ki Joo ) 한국문학이론과 비평학회 2003 한국문학이론과 비평 Vol.21 No.-

This thesis intends to look at the development of the Chinese-Korean novels from the foundation of China in 1949 to the middle of 1970's,and to explain the characteristics and theme in this period's novels. The Chinese-Korean novels in China can he said the novel which is written by Chinese-Korean writers, who have the China's nationality after the 1945’s emancipation and are living as the minor ethnic group, and written in Korean. Developing in the new social, cultural surrounding, the Chinese-Korean novels are unfolded the following three stages, enlightenment period(1949 first half 1957),dark period(latter half 1957-1976), renaissance period(1976 first half 1980’s), maturity period(latter half 1980’s latter half 1990's). After the foundation of China in 1949, Chinese-Korean .society in China came in contact with the new political, living surroundings. And that literary circle was re-ordered under the new political ideology and literary art's policy. In other words, it must receive the literary art’s policy and literary ideology of the party, what is called creative technique of Socialist Realism. So the writers of Chinese-Korean literary circle had lo have dose relationship with the laborer and peasant, and serve for them. In addition to, they had to establish the country’s discipline correctly, and conform to the social morality. Their works had to represent the laborer's real life, encourage the struggle consciousness, and describe the 'heroic people' who are engaged in the production and construction. However, the Chinese-Korean novels in enlightenment period described not the change of social, political revolution itself but the human's unevitable mental change. Because the writers accepted the Socialist Realism or the literary art’s policy of party conceptually, that literary trend wasn't appeared in their works yet. And the novels in this period grasp and represent the reality positively, admiring peasant's delight, laborer's energetic life, or teacher’s reliable figure. This can be .said as the characteristics in this period's novel with the creative technique of Socialist Realism. Beginning with the ‘anti-right’ struggle, the Chinese society in dark period entered the age of 'class struggle’. The literature is degraded as the tool of political struggle also. The Chinese-Korean society in this period had to follow the party’s policy, so the writers quit writing novels compulsively. However, the literary circle of Chinese-Korean is reorganized by the entrance of literary field of laborer, peasant and student, and by the artificial change of writer's by the political pressure. These political, cultural movements makes the characteristics of Chinese-Korean literature change. It can be said as the 'patternization of literature’, 'Chinese-zation' The Chinese-Korean novels in dark period couldn’t escape from the frame of schematization and conceptualization. That pattern is as follows. The ‘double union’ literary trend must reflect the revolutionary thought of heroic man, and the literary art must obey to the politics and reflect the class struggle. Therefore the novels of this age were limited in the theme, and the creative technique were rough and standardized. Those novels1 main themes reflected and praised these days' social phenomena positively. So we can estimate the authentic literary level of these days from the latent creative faculty.

박 미하일 소설 연구

정덕준(Chung Dukjoon),김게르만(Kim German) 한국언어문학회 2015 한국언어문학 Vol.94 No.-

Park Mikhail is not ex-Sakhalin writer and ex-Yeonhaeju writer, and so ex-North Korea writer. He was born Uzbekistan, and studied in Tadzhikistan, and then mostly worked in Kazakhstan, and now is around Russia. He thinks CIS Korean's matter integrated with Soviet regime's contradiction. And in the process he does not erase nationalty and does not hold in bondage, and he seeks rather prospect to overcome CIS Korean's matter and Soviet regime's contradiction through characters that strive high-artistic achievement. The works Sunflower Petal Flutter has two novels as Sunflower Petal Flutter and A pier of Angels. This two novels are very meaningful to writer. The former ferrets out the writer's identitat with reference to CIS Korean's history of migration, the latter is the novel that writer thinks most valuably. This two novels have all painter heros as writer's other self. Park Mikhail redintegrates CIS Korean's history of migration through the novel Sunflower Petal Flutter, and at the same time strives the writer's Identit„t(identity) as CIS Korean writer. In other words, he seeks prospect to overcome the hard lives of Joseon Persons of migration and for the moment unreasonable reality, and at the same time ferrets out the writer's Identit„t as CIS Korean. A pier of Angels embodies many contradictions that Joseon Persons of migration have been suffered under Soviet regime, and at the same time ferrets out the writer's Identit„t as CIS Korean. Especially A pier of Angels does not erase nationalty and does not hold in bondage, and it seeks rather prospect to overcome CIS Korean's matter and Soviet regime's contradiction through the artistic world that does not pander to the contradiction. Ultimately the writer counterbalances between nation and ex-nation. This is the writer Park Mikhail's prominent feature.

일제강점기 재중 조선인 소설 연구 - 1910년~1949년의 전개 양상을 중심으로

정덕준(Chung Duk-Joon),정현숙(Jung Hyun-sook) 한국언어문학회 2004 한국언어문학 Vol.53 No.-

This thesis intends to look the development and characteristic of Chinese-Korean Novels under the Japanese colony and to examine the literary historical meaning of them. The novels of 1910's had the characteristic of illuminational literature, which emphasis national consciousness and independence, and that of national literature. The representative writers are Shin Chae-Ho and Gi-Wol. The novels of 1920's described settlers' conflict with Chinese landowner and their poverty and suffering because of the Japanese colony rule in China likewise in their homeland. The representative writers are Choi Seo-Hae and Han Seol-Ya and Joo Yo-Han. The novels from 1930 to 1940's described various lives of settlers : an anti-Japanese struggle, a will of settle, and escapism. The representative writers are Kang Kyoung-Ae and An Soo-Kil and Hyun Kyung-Joon. The novels from 1945 to 1949 described an anti-Japanese movement in the period under the Japanese rule. The representative writers are Kim Hak-Cheol and Kim Chang-Geol.

재일(在日) 한인 소설 연구 - 김학영과 이양지의 소설을 중심으로

송명희(Song Myunghee),정덕준(Chung Dukjoon) 한국언어문학회 2007 한국언어문학 Vol.62 No.-

  This paper was written on purpose to analyze how the psychopathology which was shown on Kim, Hak-Yeong"s The Frozen Mouth and Lee, Yang-Ji"s The Butterfly Ballad was related to the identity conflict which a second-generation Korean-Japanese suffered.<BR>  Kim, Hak-Yeong created a second-generation Korean-Japanese who was a stammerer as a hero in The Frozen Mouth; the stammer is the handicap, that is, a kind of conversion which was made by the trauma, “Josenjing” which is the contemptuous word about Korean-Japanese. That makes the hero plummet into depression, and feel the impulse to kill himself. The hero comes at a true knowledge of the cruelty of the time when Japan put Korea under its colonial rule and the discrimination which Japanese make to Korean-Japanese through reading books. So his surge of anger and the feeling of helplessness that he can do nothing about the contempt and the discrimination which Japanese make to Korean make him become a stammerer, a melancholia, and feel the impulse to kill himself.<BR>  Lee, Yang-Ji described the young woman who suffered from divorce suit between her parents and the identity conflict that she is “Josenjing” in The Butterfly Ballad. The heroine suffers from a psychopathic disease, so she tries to escape from reality through leaving home and a illicit relationship with a married man, and she suffer from not only the persecution mania that she is killed by Japanese but also the feeling of impulse to kill Japanese. After she escape from Japan, she gets a new trouble because her sense of shame that she cannot speak Korean well and her pride that she is a Korean-Japanese are pitted against each other. But her private grief which she experienced in the family and her racial anger which she suffered as a Korean-Japanese are all healed up through the exorcism dance. She acquires her identity firmly and experiences the sublimation and catharsis through the racial arts like gayageum, pansori, and exorcism dance.<BR>  The two abovementioned novels all show the hero or heroine who suffers from the identity conflict of second-generation Korean-Japanese, finally gets psychopathic disease, but there is a gap between the two. Kim, Hak-Yeong described the hero who could not overcome his obstacles like stammer, melancholia, and feeling of impulse to kill himself. On the other hand, Lee, Yang-Ji described the heroine who not only disentangled her problem through sublimating her conflict in racial art but also acquired her identity.

재외 한인문학 연구 -CIS 지역 한인문학을 중심으로

김정훈 ( Kim Jung-hoon ),정덕준 ( Chung Duk-joon ) 한국문학이론과 비평학회 2006 한국문학이론과 비평 Vol.31 No.-

This treatise studied Korean’s emigrant and domiciliation process that appear to the Korean Literature in CIS. After they move to the Russia, I divided all time until present by greatly four time. First is the time of Maritime Province of Siberia before encounter deportation to Central Asia in 1937 since 19th century middle part. The Korean Literature of this time is foregrounding strong nationality and anti-Japanese combative consciousness stand on proletarian internationalism. Second is the time that is hard struggle against the state in deportation by Stalin and thenceforward is deprived of a certificate of residence for survival. The Korean Literature in this time is doing with uneasiness and fear about the future. So, they show intentional forgetfulness or silence about deportation. On the one hand, they give a demonstration to Soviet government of the man that want to becomes endeavor hero, and that praise Lenin, Stalin, and Soviet system. Third is the time of reformation and opening policy that started posthumously of. Stalin’s death. The Korean Literature have one's heyday in this time. The last generation who used Hangul write a large number of poetry. They damn deportation and subsequent pain by Stalin with faint praise, and rekindle Korean’s pride in Soviet Russia. Also, they said friendship with Kazakhstan that gave them a warm reception in those days. The Last is the time from reformation and opening policy to the present day. At that time, the generation who used Russian constitute mainstream of Korean literature in CIS. For this, when interchange with interior Korean writers occurs on this account,Korean writers in CIS feels shame and flustered feel. Korean literature in CIS after that try a shift to do erect the own identity, and come in history’s restoration including deportation. On the one hand, They produced write works with diversify subject matter and theme, and compose a poem with several artistic techniques. The Korean Literature in CIS is faithfully reflecting their twice emigration and domiciliation process. Their works recently written by Russian. However, it have common feelings and sensibilities as we are. Because, we must give attention to their literature.

일제강점기 재만 조선인 이주문학 연구 - 이주·정착과정의 시적 형상화를 중심으로 -

김정훈(Kim Jeonghun),정덕준(Chung Dukjoon) 한국언어문학회 2006 한국언어문학 Vol.56 No.-

Until now research mostly treated Chinese-Korean Literature on Manchuria as a literature in exile. This way don’t reflect actuality of Manchuria under the Japanese Colonial Period. Because, in this paper I divided the Chinese-Korean Poetry under the Japanese Colonial Period into several classes with the viewpoint which is a encapsulated the history of their emigration and domiciliation. First of all, it starts with a literature in exile before 1920s. The most works are foregrounding an anti-Japanese combative consciousness and the hope to a national right recovery. Kim Tack-young and Shin Jung and Shin Chae-ho are typical writer of this age. Even in after, literature that reject the foreign power like this placed a important quality of it. The Chinese-Korean poetry until 1920s is not an particular different point from with interior poems as such poets in charge or to selected form. Only, in contents, it frequently appears strongly foregrounds anti-Japanese combative consciousness of interior literature. The poems after 1930s is individually show racial consciousness of different kind from poems of KAPF or nationalism at home. This is natural that the Manchuria when is because is a base of anti-Japanese independence movement. It was started from 1930s that makes exile’s life as emigrant to Manchuria with subject matter of the Chinese-Korean Poetry. This time when that it is a widely and systematic range executed plan as emigration a national policy. It becomes literary encapsulated with the features which is various aspect with vague expectation and hope about Manchuria, homesick, maladjustment in alien and deploring actuality trouble. An aspect of emigrated Korean to endured any kind of trials appears in diverse works on Manchuria. The Chinese-Korean literature in domiciliate step on Manchuria described settlement' conflict with Chinese landowner and their poverty and suffering because of the Japanese colony rule in China likewise in their homeland. The representative writers are Kim Jo-kyu, Lee Uk, etc. The poems from 1930 to 1940’s described various lives of settlers : an anti-Japanese struggle, a will of settle, and escapism. The representative writers are Song Chul-ly, Chun Chun-song, Shim Yeon-su and so on. It grasps the Chinese-Korean poetry under the Japanese Colonial Period when point of view with not a literature in exile but literature of the emigration and domiciliation. Many poets who had various works in this time was not referred almost from the history of literature on and after the middle of 1930s. Reasonable research of its works is urgent for just corroboration of Korean Poetry. Their works are plentifully putting in the features of immigration and fixation. There is a necessity which will judge their poetry straightly. The poetry of the glorious restoration is most rapture of regain of country and ovation of land reform. This works becomes the strong and steady base of the Chinese-Korean Poetry.