BAC Chip을 이용한 자궁경부편평상피세포암 유전자의 증폭과 감소

정국화 ( Guo Hua Ding ),배수미 ( Su Mi Bae ),곽선영 ( Sun Young Kwak ),민현진 ( Hyun Jin Min ),이애리 ( Ae Ry Lee ),유희정 ( Hee Jeong Yu ),남궁정 ( Jeong Namkoong ),오은경 ( Eun Kyeong Oh ),신재은 ( Jae Eun Shin ),최지향 ( Ji Hya 대한산부인과학회 2006 Obstetrics & Gynecology Science Vol.49 No.9

목적: 자궁경부 편평상피세포암에서 array CGH법을 이용하여 유전자 발현의 양상을 조사함으로써 자궁경부 정상조직과 암 조직에서 유전자 발현의 차이에 대하여 알아보고자 하였다. 연구 방법: 자궁경부 편평상피세포암 조직 15예를 사용하였다. 조직을 파라핀에 고정하고, 10㎛씩 절단하여 헤마톡실린과 에오신염색을 한 다음, 미세절제술을 이용하여 DNA를 추출하였다. 1,440개의 human BACs으로 구성된 BAC array에 Cy5-dCTP와 Cy3-dCTP로 각각 표지된 정상과 자궁경부 편평상피세포암의 DNA를 교잡시켰으며, 정상과 환자군의 변이가 0.25배 이상 변화된 BAC clone에 포함된 유전자를 선별하였다. array CGH법에서 발현의 변화를 보인 유전자는 중합연쇄효소반응을 이용하여 그 유전자의 발현정도를 확인하였다. 결과: 자궁경부 편평상피세포암 70% 이상에서 SKI, FLJ13941, ZC3H3, GSDMDC1, PP3856, EEF1D,SOLH, LOC146325, FLJ36208, PIGQ, RAB40C, CYHR1, KIFC2, FOXH1, PPP1R16A, GPT, LOC113655, RECQL4, LRRC14, LRRC24, MGC70857, KIAA1688, PRKCZ, C1orf86, LOC440554, HDAC9, WDR8, TP73, KIAA0495, ESRRA, HSPC152, PRDX5, FLJ37970, RPS6KA4, TSC2, PKD1, RAB26, TRAF7 등 유전자를 포함하는 BAC clone들의 증폭과 PTPRG, LOC389432, SPATA19, LOC283172, KIAA0087, LOC442614, LOC386610 등 유전자를 포함하는 BAC clone들의 감소를 발견하였으며, 중합연쇄효소반응을 통하여 GSDMDC1, ABCF3, PCOLN3, SOLH, PRKCZ 등 유전자의 증폭과 NR3C2, CSF2, MSH6, MTR, PDE1C, ELF5, TXNDC10, SOD1 등 유전자의 감소를 발견하였다. 결론: 자궁경부암 조직에서 Array CGH를 이용하여 유전자발현의 양상을 조사한 결과, BAC clone내에 존재하는 유전자의 발현변화에 관한 정보를 얻을 수 있었다. 이는 자궁경부암의 암화과정에 대해 이해하는데 도움이 되리라 생각한다. Objective: Cervical cancer has long been linked to the sexually transmitted human papillomavirus (HPV), and the oncoproteins E6 and E7 disrupt the functions of tumour suppressor genes, resulting in genetic alteration. It was shown that loss of heterozygosity at 6p is a common genetic alteration in cervical cancer. However, the molecular genetics of cancer have only recently been understood, and for the development of cervical cancer additional genetic alterations in host cell genes are required. The present study has identified the differential changes of the cervical cancer-associated genetic alterations by a genome-wide array based comparative genomic hybridization (array-CGH). Methods: We analyzed 15 cases of cervical cancer from St. Mary`s hospital of The paraffin-fixed tissue samples were microdissected under microscope and DNA was extracted by the procedures of proteinase K digestion and chloroform extraction. Array-based CGH and genomic PCR were carried out with statistical analyses such as hierarchical clustering and Gene Ontology. The BAC array used in this study consisted of 1,440 human BACs, the space among the clones were approximately 2.08 megabase (Macrogen, Seoul, Korea). Results: All of 15 cases of cervical cancer showed specific gains and losses. The analysis limit of average gains and losses was 53%. A significant positive correlation was found between 1p36.32, 3p14.2, 3q27.1, 7p21.1, 8q24.3 and 11q13.1 changes through the cervical carcinogenesis. The high-level of gain regions, BAC clones encoded GSDMDC1, RECQL4, TP73, ABCF3, ALG3, HDAC9, ESRRA and RPS6KA4 genes. Frequently gained BAC clones encoded genes were PRSS8, FUS, COL18A1, PCOLN3, MAFG and ASPSCR1. The genes encoded by frequently lost BAC clones were PTPRG, GRM7, ZDHHC3, EXOSC7, LRP1B and NR3C2. Also, hierarchical clustering of the expression data readily distinguished genomic alterations in cervical cancer. A subset of cellular processes from each gene was clustered by Gene Ontology database. Conclusion: Using Array-CGH, genomic alterations related to cervical cancer were identified to determine whether induction of chromosomal imbalances occurs prior to carcinogenesis. The high resolution of array-CGH combined with human genome database would give a chance to find out possible target genes present in the gained or lost clones.

중국 연변조선족자치주의 경제발전과 외자유치

정국화(Zheng Ju hua),권영모(Kwon Young mo) 대한경영교육학회 2015 경영교육저널 Vol.26 No.2

본 연구는 외국직접투자가 중국 연변조선족자치주 지역경제에 미치는 영향을 분석하였다. 연변주는 1992년에 시작한 훈춘국제경제모델구의 개발을 계기로 지역경제의 대외개방 시대를 맞이했고 또 이것을 발판으로 연변주의 외자유치는 급속히 확장되었다. 연변주 외자기업은 약 70%가 훈춘시에 집중되어 있고 또 70%이상이 한국자본이며 그 특징은 투자규모가 작고 주로 부가가치가 낮은 자원, 노동집약형 산업에 집중되어 있었다. 그러나 1990년대에 시작된 훈춘국제경제모델구는 20년이 지났지만 지금까지 가시적인 효과를 보여주지 못했다. 여전히 연변주의 일인당GDP는 길림성의 하위에 위치해 있고 연변주의 경제발전은 침체상태가 지속되고 있다. 즉 연변주에 진출한 외자기업은 부가가치가 낮은 자원·노동집약형산업에 집중되어 있고 생산에 필요한 원재료, 생산설비를 외국에서 수입하는 경우가 많고 기술이전 효과도 본사가 자회사로 내부화되어 있기 때문에 제한되어 있다. 따라서 연변주는 자원·노동집약형 산업으로부터 기술집약형 산업으로 산업구조를 고도화시킬 필요성이 있다. 한편, 2012년부터 연변주 훈춘 국제경제 모델구는 중국정부의 본격적인 투자로 인해 다시 한번 주목의 대상이 되고 있다. 한국기업도 대형 프로젝트에 참여하고 있기 떄문에 향후 연변주 지역경제의 활성화에 기여할 것으로 기대한다. This study analyzed the impact of foreign direct investment to the local economy of Yanbian Korean Autonomous Prefecture (YKAP) in China. YKAP greeted the foreign opening era of the local economy with Hunchun International Cooperation Demonstration Zone (HICDZ) model started in 1992 and the FDI of YKAP has expanded rapidly. The FDI of YKAP was concentrated about 70% in Hunchun and also South Korea more than 70% of the investment capital, which its features were small scale and labor-intensive industries. HICDZ model began in the 1990s, but it failed to show visible economic effects till now. The GDP per capita of YKAP is still located on the lower of Jilin, Yanbian's economy is stagnant. That is, the spillover effect of technology transfer is limited because foreign companies operating in YKAP are concentrated in low value-added, labor-intensive industry. And raw materials and equipment needed for production is often imported from foreign countries. Therefore, there is a necessity to upgrade the industrial structure from the labor-intensive industry to the technology-intensive industry for YKAP. The other hand, from 2012 HICDZ model has restarted due to a rigorous investment by the Chinese government and is especially gaining attention from the world again. Also we expect a Korean enterprise activity involving large projects in order to develop the regional economy in YKAP.

Effect of Combined Exposure to EDTA and Zinc Pyrithione on Pyrithione Absorption in Rats

정동식,정국화,이은호,박혜란,김주환,김규봉,김학림,김형건 한국독성학회 2019 Toxicological Research Vol.35 No.2

Zinc pyrithione (ZnPT) is a coordination complex of zinc and has been used widely as an anti-dandruff agent in shampoos. Many shampoos contain both ZnPT and EDTA, a chelating agent speculated to increase ZnPT absorption, thereby raising concerns about neurotoxicity. Here, we investigated the effect of EDTA on ZnPT absorption by direct comparison of ZnPT and pyrithione (PT) concentrations in shampoo formulations, and by pharmacokinetic analysis of ZnPT, PT, and 2-methanesulfonylpyridine (MSP), the main ZnPT metabolite, in rat plasma or urine following exposure to shampoo containing ZnPT alone or a combination of ZnPT and EDTA. Approximately 17.3% of ZnPT was converted to PT by the addition of EDTA in the shampoo formulation. Plasma ZnPT and PT concentrations were not measured up to 24 hr after treatment with shampoo containing 1% ZnPT or 1% ZnPT + 2% EDTA in all rats. However, PT amount in 24-hr urine sample, MSP concentration in plasma, and MSP amount in 24-hr urine sample were approximately 4-, 2.6-, and 2.7-fold higher, respectively, in the 1% ZnPT + 2% EDTA shampoo group than in the 1% ZnPT shampoo group. As confirmed by the formulation analysis and in vivo pharmacokinetic analysis, the exposure of ZnPT could be increased by the absorption of PT due to partial dissociation of ZnPT into PT.

ATP에 의한 자궁경부암 세포내 NF-κB와 칼슘이온의 변화

임대석 ( Dae Seog Lim ),배수미 ( Su Mi Bae ),곽선영 ( Sun Young Kwak ),정국화 ( Guo Hua Ding ),김정 ( Jeong Kim ),김용욱 ( Yong Wook Kim ),노덕영 ( Duck Yeong Ro ),이준모 ( Joon Mo Lee ),남궁성은 ( Seung Eun Namkoong ),조영래 ( Yo 대한산부인과학회 2005 Obstetrics & Gynecology Science Vol.48 No.12

시스플라틴과 녹차 추출물의 병용에 의한 세포성장 저해 효과

김현경,장홍석,안웅식,전흥재,곽선영,배수미,김용욱,노덕영,이준모,남궁성은,강영화,정국화,박은경,이용석,김정,임대석 대한부인종양학회 2006 Journal of Gynecologic Oncology Vol.17 No.4