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장현식 ( Jang Hyun-sik ),김규용 ( Kim Gyu-yong ),윤민호 ( Yoon Min-ho ),최경철 ( Choe Gyeong-cheol ),김홍섭 ( Kim Hong-seop ),이보경 ( Lee Bo-kyeong ) 한국건축시공학회 2016 한국건축시공학회 학술발표대회 논문집 Vol.16 No.2
Mechanical properties and durability of recycled aggregate concrete was known to decrease due to the adhesive mortar of recycled aggregate. But in this study, As the result of chloride diffusion resistance of recycled fine aggregate mortar, the mechanical properties are reduced according to the increase of the substitute ratio of recycled fine aggregate. But the chloride diffusion coefficient was almost same with natural fine aggregate mortar.
밀싹 추출물이 함유된 Cosmeceuticals의 제조: CCD-RSM을 이용한 유화안정성 최적화
장현식 ( Hyun Sik Jang ),마시샹 ( Xixiang Ma ),이승범 ( Seung Bum Lee ) 한국공업화학회 2021 공업화학 Vol.32 No.3
본 연구에서는 밀배아유에 항산화 물질이 다량 함유되어있는 밀싹 추출물을 첨가한 후 O/W 유화액을 제조하는 최적화 공정을 설계하였다. 최적화 공정 설계는 반응표면분석법의 중심합성계획모델을 사용하였다. 기초실험을 통하여 유화제 첨가량, 유화시간, 밀싹 추출물의 첨가량을 독립변수로 설정하였다. 그리고 반응치는 평균입자크기, 점도, 유화 안정도지수를 설정하여 유화액의 안정성을 평가하였다. 각 독립변수에 대해 최적화하여 P-value와 결정계수를 평가하여 실험 신뢰도를 확인하였다. 모든 독립변수를 만족하는 최적화 조건은 유화제 첨가량 = 7.7 wt.%, 유화시간 = 23.6 min, 밀싹 추출물의 첨가량 = 3.9 wt.%에서 평균입자크기 = 252.3 nm, 유화액의 점도 = 616.7 cP, ESI = 88.7%로 나타났다. 종합만족도가 0.9137으로 실험의 타당성을 뒷받침하였고, 실제실험을 진행하여 오차율이 0.5 %이하로 측정되었다. 따라서 중심합성계획모델을 통해 밀싹 추출물을 첨가하여 유화액을 제조하는 최적화 과정을 설계하였다. In this study, an optimization for the production of water emulsion was designed by adding an extract of wheat sprout, which is known to contain a large amount of antioxidants. The central composite design of reaction surface analysis method (CCD-RSM) was used for the optimization process. The amount of emulsifier, emulsification time, and added amount of wheat sprout extract were selected as independent variables based on our preliminary experiments. The mean droplet size (MDS), viscosity, and emulsion stability index (ESI) were set as the responses to evaluate the stability of the emulsion. For each independent variable, the P-value and coefficient of determination were evaluated to verify the reliability of the experiments. From the result of CCD-RSM, optimum conditions for the emulsification were determined as 23.6 min, 7.7 wt.%, and 3.9 wt.% for the emulsification time, amount of emulsifier, and amount of sprout, respectively. From the optimized condition obtained, MDS, viscosity, and ESI after 7 days from reaction were estimated as 252.3 nm, 616.7 cP, and 88.7%, respectively. The overall satisfaction was 0.9137, which supported the validity of the experiments, and the error rate was measured at 0.5% or less by advancing the experiments. Therefore, an optimized process for producing an emulsion by adding the malt extract was designed by the CCD-RSM.
밀배아유 원료 O/W 유화액의 제조 및 안정성평가: CCD-RSM을 이용한 최적화
홍세흠 ( Seheum Hong ),장현식 ( Hyun Sik Jang ),이승범 ( Seung Bum Lee ) 한국공업화학회 2021 공업화학 Vol.32 No.5
천연 밀배아유와 복합 sugar ester를 이용하여 밀배아유 원료 O/W (oil in water) 유화액을 제조하였다. HLB 값, 유화제의 첨가량 및 유화시간이 O/W wheat germ oil 유화액의 평균 입자크기, 유화점도 및 ESI에 미치는 영향을 조사하였으며, 반응표면분석방법인 중심합성계획모델에 의해 제조된 유화과정의 파라미터를 모의하고 최적화하였다. O/W wheat germ oil 유화액의 제조를 위한 최적의 공정조건은 HLB 값(hydrophile-lipophile balance value)은 8.4, 유화제의 첨가량은 6.4 wt%, 유화시간은 25.4 min이며, 최적조건에서 중심합성계획(central composite design, CCD-RSM) 모델을 통한 예측 반응치는 7일 후의 유화액을 기준으로 MDS (mean droplet size)= 206 nm, 점도 = 8125 cP, ESI 98.2%이었다. 또한 실제 실험을 통해 얻어진 유화액의 MDS, 점도 및 ESI는 각각 209 nm, 7974 cP 및 98.7%로 나타났다. 따라서 중심합성계획 모델을 통해 밀배아유 원료 유화액의 안정성을 평가하는 최적화 과정을 설계할 수 있었다. An O/W (oil in water) emulsion, wheat germ oil raw material, was produced by using natural wheat germ oil and composite sugar-ester. The effects of variables such as the hydrophile-lipophile balance (HLB) value, added emulsifier amount, and emulsification time on the average particle size, emulsification viscosity and ESI of O/W wheat germ oil emulsion were investigated. The parameters of the emulsification process produced by the central composite design model of the response surface methodology (CCD-RSM), which is a reaction surface analysis method, were simulated and optimized. The optimum process conditions obtained from this paper for the production of O/W wheat germ oil emulsion were 8.4, 6.4 wt%, 25.4 min for the HLB value, amount of emulsifier, and emulsion time, respectively. The predicted reaction values by CCD-RSM model under the optimum conditions were 206 nm, 8125 cP, and 98.2% for mean droplet size (MDS), viscosity, and ESI, respectively, based on the emulsion after 7 days. The MDS, viscosity and ESI of the emulsion obtained from actual experiments were 209 nm, 7974 cP and 98.7%, respectively. Therefore, it was possible to design an optimization process for evaluating the stability of the emulsion of wheat germ oil raw material by CCD-RSM.
천연오일로부터 내화학성이 향상된 에폭시계 수지용 반응성 희석제의 제조 : CCD-RSM을 이용한 최적화
유봉호 ( Bong-ho Yoo ),장현식 ( Hyun Sik Jang ),이승범 ( Seung Bum Lee ) 한국공업화학회 2020 공업화학 Vol.31 No.2
본 연구에서는 천연오일인 cashew nut shell liquid (CNSL)의 구성성분인 cardanol을 이용하여 내화학성이 향상된 에폭시계 수지용 반응성 희석제 제조 공정을 최적화하였다. 이를 위해 반응표면분석법 중 중심합성계획법을 이용하여 최적화과정를 설계하였다. 계량인자로는 cardanol/ECH 반응몰비, 반응시간, 반응온도이고, 반응치는 수율, 에폭시 당량(EEW), 점도이다. 기초실험으로부터 계량인자 범위를 각각 cardanol/ECH 반응몰비(2~4), 반응시간(4~8 h), 반응온도(100~140 ℃)로 설정한 후 최적화과정을 진행한 결과 최적의 조건은 cardanol/ECH 반응몰비(3.33), 반응시간(6.18 h), 반응온도(120 ℃)로 산출되었으며, 이 조건에서의 예측값은 수율(100%), EEW (429.89 g/eq.), 점도(41.65 cP)로 나타났다. 실제 실험을 통해 알아본 결과 오차율은 0.3% 이하로 나타나 중심합성계획모델을 이용하여 cardanol 원료 반응성 희석제의 제조 공정을 최적화할 수 있었다. In this study, we dedicated to optimize the process for a reactive diluent for epoxy resin of improved chemical resistance by using cardanol, a component of natural oil of cashew nut shell liquid (CNSL). The central composite design (CCD) model of response surface methodology (RSM) was used for the optimization. The quantitative factors for CCD-RSM were the cardanol/ ECH mole ratio, reaction time, and reaction temperature. The yield, epoxy equivalent, and viscosity were selected as response values. Basic experiments were performed to design the reaction surface analysis. The ranges of quantitative factors were determined as 2~4, 4~8 h, and 100~140 ℃ for the cardanol/ECH reaction mole ratio, reaction time, and reaction temperature, respectively. From the result of CCD-RSM, the optimum conditions were determined as 3.33, 6.18 h, and 120 ℃ for the cardanol/ECH reaction mole ratio, reaction time, and reaction temperature, respectively. At these conditions, the yield, epoxy equivalence, and viscosity were estimated as 100%, 429.89 g/eq., and 41.65 cP, respectively. In addition, the experimental results show that the error rate was less than 0.3%, demonstrating the validity of optimization.