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CBRP 기반 잔여전력량을 이용한 개선된 클러스터 라우팅 기법
장상동(Sangdong Jang),김우완(Wuwoan Kim),박혜란(Hyeran Park) 한국컴퓨터정보학회 2013 韓國컴퓨터情報學會論文誌 Vol.18 No.1
클러스터 기반 라우팅 프로토콜(CBRP, Cluster-Based Routing Protocol)은 각 클러스터 내에 헤더를 선출하고 클러스터 헤더가 모든 이동 노드들을 관리, 운영하기 때문에 전력 소모가 심하게 일어나게 된다. 각 노드의 잔여 전력량을 고려하지 않고 헤더를 임의로 선출하기 때문에 클러스터 헤더의 평균 수명이 짧아지고 빈번하게 다른 헤더를 선출해야 하는 문제점을 가지고 있다. 본 논문에서는 잔여전력량을 고려하여 헤더 재선출로 인한 라우팅 지연을 줄이고, 클러스터뿐만 아니라 전체 네트워크의 수명을 연장시키는 새로운 헤더 선출기법을 제안한다. 제안 기법에서는 잔여전력량을 고려하여 헤더와 보조 헤더를 선출한다. 선출된 클러스터 헤더의 잔여전력량이 낮아져 헤더 역할을 수행할 수 없게 되면 미리 선출해둔 보조 헤더가 클러스터 헤더 역할을 수행하도록 함으로써 빈번한 헤더 재선출로 인한 문제점을 줄인다. 또한 잔여전력량이 높은 노드가 헤더로 선출되기 때문에 각 클러스터의 모든 노드는 전력이 균등하게 소비되어 네트워크 전체의 수명을 연장시킨다. In the Cluster-Based Routing Protocol (CBRP) a cluster header in each cluster should be elected. The cluster headers consume energy much more than other member nodes do because they manage and operate all of mobile nodes in their cluster. The traditional CBRP elects a cluster header without considering the remaining electric energy of each node. So, there exist problems that the cluster header has short average lifetime, and a new cluster header should be elected again frequently. In this paper, we propose the improved protocol which prolongs the lifetime of the cluster header, decreases the problem of re-electing the cluster header and enhances the stability of the path. In order to achieve this, when a cluster header is elected in a cluster, the remaining electric energies of all the nodes are compared with one another, and the node with the highest energy is elected as the cluster header. Also, the node with the second highest energy is elected as the second header. If the elected cluster header is unable to perform the role of the cluster header any more because the remaining energy level goes low, it sends a beacon message to neighbor member nodes, then the second header will serve as the cluster header.
김흥수(Heung Soo Kim),장상동(Sangdong Jang),김재환(Jaehwan Kim) 대한기계학회 2008 대한기계학회 춘추학술대회 Vol.2008 No.5
Electro-Active paper (EAPap) is a new smart material that has a potential to be used in biomimetic actuator and sensor. It is made by cellulose that is abundant material in nature. EAPap is fascinating with its biodegradability, lightweight, large displacement, high mechanical strength and low actuation voltage. Actuating mechanism of EAPap is known to be the combined effects of ion migration and piezoelectricity. However, the electromechanical actuation mechanisms are not clearly established yet. This paper presents the modeling of the actuation behavior of water infused cellulose samples and their composite dielectric constants calculated by Maxwell-Wagner theory. Electro-mechanical forces were calculated using Maxwell stress tensor method. Bending deflection was evaluated from simple beam model and compared with experimental observation, which result good correlation with each other.
김재환(Jaehwan Kim),양상열(Sang Yeol Yang),장상동(Sangdong Jang),고현우(Hyun-U Ko),문성철(Sungcheol Mun),김동구(Donggu Kim),강진호(Jinho Kang) 대한기계학회 2011 대한기계학회 춘추학술대회 Vol.2011 No.10
Cellulose Electro-Active Paper (EAPap) is attractive as a bio-mimetic actuator due to its merits in terms of lightweight, dry condition, large displacement output, low actuation voltage and low power consumption. Cellulose has been regenerated so as to align its microfibrils along a direction, which results in a piezoelectric paper. By chemically bonding and mixing with carbon nanotubes, titanium oxide, zinc oxide, tin oxides, the cellulose EAP can be a hybrid nanocomposite that have versatile properties and can meet material requirements for many application devices. This paper introduces recent research trend of the cellulose EAPap, mainly material preparations as well as application devices including temperature and humidity sensors, biosensors, chemical sensors, flexible transistors and actuators. This paper also explains wirelessly driving technology for the cellulose EAPap, which is attractive for biomimetic robotics, surveillance and micro-aerial vehicles.