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강직성 척추염 환자의 통증, 가족지지와 삶의 질과의 관계
임현자,문영임 한국간호과학회 1998 Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing Vol.35 No.4
This study was designed to identify the relationship between perceived pain, family support and quality of life in patients with ankylosing spondylitis. The purpose of this study was to contribute to the theoretical understanding of the relationship of these three variables and eventually to more effective adaptation of patients to their situation. The subjects for this study were the 68 patients who had been diagnosed with ankylosing spondylitis and registered as out-patients in the Rheumatism Center of one university hospital in Seoul. The data were collected during the period from October 10, 1997 to December 20, 1997, Pain was measured using the perceived pain scale(VAS : Visual Analog Scale)developed by Calm(1993), family support using the scale developed by Kang Hyun Suk (1985) and Quality of Life using the scale developed by Ro Yoo Ja(1988). The data were analyzed by descriptive statistics, Frequencies, Pearson correlation coefficient, using the SPSS program. The results of this can be summarized as followings. 1. The mean perceived pain score was 5. 13 with a range of 2 to 10. 2. The mean perceived family support score was 41.08$\pm$5.34 with a range of 20 to 50. 3. The mean perceived quality of life score was 134.07$\pm$19.82 with a range of 83 to 176. 4. Significant statistical difference was found between family support and quality of life (r=.331, p<0.001). A significant negative statistical difference was found between the family support and quality of life and pain(r=-.250, p<0.05, r=-.460, p<0.001). 5. General characteristics related to pain were exercise (t=4.72, p<0.0006). 6. General characteristics related to family support were age(F=2.65, p<0.0246), educational level (F=2.84, p<0.0282) and exercise (t=3.24, p<0.0452). 7. General characteristics related to quality of life were educational level (F=3.03, p<0.0392) and exercise (t=3.12, p<0.0465). It was found that the higher the level perceived pain, the lower the degree of perceived family support and the quality of life. It was also found that the higher the degree of perceived family support, the higher the degree of perceived quality of life. Accordingly, the conclusions from this study are that reduction of pain is achieved through the family support. Therefore, it is proposed that family support is an appropriate nursing intervention to improve the quality of life of patients with ankylosing spondylitis.
정상 면역 생쥐에 접종된 암세포주의 종괴 형성이 숙주의 지연성과민반응에 미치는 영향
임현자,우아미,정영주,강재승,신동훈,이왕재,황영일,Lim, Hyun-Ja,Woo, A-Mi,Jung, Young-Ju,Kang, Jae-Seung,Shin, Dong-Hoon,Lee, Wang-Jae,Hwang, Young-Il 대한면역학회 2006 Immune Network Vol.6 No.4
Background: Based on outstanding progresses in animal experiments, vaccines for some human tumors have been developed. However, clinical effects of these vaccines have been far below than expected. This discrepancy might come from differences between animal models and human patients with respect to immunocompetency. The immune status of mice after tumor inoculation has not been well studied, which make us cautious in interpreting and applying the results from mice to human. We evaluated cell-mediated immune responses in mice after tumor cell inoculation. Methods: Mice were inoculated with TA3Ha, CT26, or 4T1. Delayed-type hypersensitivity (DTH) responses were induced 2-4 weeks after inoculation using 2,4-dinitro-1-fluorobenzene as an antigen. The relationships between the severity of DTH responses and the duration of tumor inoculation or the size of tumor mass were analyzed. Results: In T A3Ha groups, DTH response was elevated 2 weeks after inoculation, but depressed after 4 weeks, compared to the control group. When analyzed based on the sizes of tumor masses elicited, DTH responses were inversely related to the mass size, especially in those greater than 10 mm in diameter. In CT26 groups, while the duration after inoculation did not affect the severity of DTH responses, those with large mass showed depressed responses regardless the duration of inoculation. 4T1 cells grew so slowly that the size of tumor mass was small even 4 weeks after inoculation, and this group showed much higher DTH responses compared to that of tumor-free group. Conclusion: At least in an experimental setting where tumor model was induced by inoculating tumor cell lines into immunologically competent mice, the host immune response was elevated in early stage, and then depressed in late stage when the mass grew over a critical size.
일 지역 중년여성의 요실금, 갱년기 증상과 생활만족도와의 관계
임현자 여성건강간호학회 2001 여성건강간호학회지 Vol.7 No.2
The purpose of this study was to investigate of the relationship of the urinary incontinence, menopausal symptom and life satisfaction in middle-aged women. The subjects of this study were 235 middle aged women, living in M city, during the period from June 21 to August 31, 2000. The instruments for this study were the urinary incontinence modified and adding by Lee Young Sook (1994), the menopausal symptom developed by Song Ae Ri and Chung Eun Soon (1998) and the life satisfaction translated and modified by Suh Kyung Hee (1988). Collected data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, t-test, ANOVA. Pearson correlation coefficients and stepwise multiple regression with SAS package. The result of this are as follows : 1. The total mean score of urinary incontinence was 1.56±0.58 with a range of 0 to 4. The mean score on the menopausal symptom was 2.05±0.43 with a range of 1 to 4. The mean life satisfaction score was 1.14±0.41 with a range of 0 to 2. 2. General characteristics related to urinary incontinence were age and numbers of children (F=7.66, p=0.000. F=2.86, p=0.037). General characteristics related to menopausal symptom were age (F=7.37, p=0.000), occupation (t=5.33, p=0.021), problem of children (t=6.46, p=0.011) and marital satisfaction (F=5.65, p=0.004). General characteristics related to life satisfaction were type of housing (t=12.06, p=0.004), problem of children (t=6.96, p=0.008) and marital satisfaction (F=18.86, p=0.000). 3. The urinary incontinence and menopausal symptom were correlated positively (r=.235, p=.000). The urinary incontinence and life satisfaction were correlated negatively (r=-.114, p=.007). The menopausal symptom and life satisfaction were correlated negatively (r=-.277, p=.000). 4. The menopausal symptom, type of housing and marital satisfaction explained 16.6% of the variance for life satisfaction in the middle aged women.