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임익순(Im, Ik-Soon) 국방부 군사편찬연구소 2016 군사 Vol.- No.99
The purpose of this paper is research that how to Clausewitz figure out the concept of ‘Military Genius’ in On War through analyzing for the nature of war and developing the war theory, and that what is the ‘Military Genius’, and that which meaning and implication is for today. Clausewitz’s perspective in developing for war and ‘Military Genius’ was searching for nature factors in variety and complicated phenomena of war by Montesquieu’s analysis - synthesis method for searching of type of a political structure in The Spirit of Laws. In the flow of history, Clausewitz spread out the logic that borrowing the thought and format from Kant and Hegel through core value of Enlightenment - reason, empiricism, science, universalism, freedom, simplicity of human nature. The concept of ‘Military Genius’ is the outcome that Clausewitz developed the logic about correlation between the appeared genius in war phenomena and unique traits of genius and artist in Kant’s Critique of Judgment. Clausewitz accepted the thought of Kant’s Theory of Genius and Theory of Art and A. Gerard’s opinion. But, Clausewitz explained the mental capacity in his own ward re-interpreting unique trait for Military Genius in war phenomenon that distinguish Kant’s genius in the Theory of Art. The Meaning of Military Genius in On War is that he is the existence of playing a main part for maintaining maximum freedom and balance to element of trinity as the arbitrating exist. And that he play a center part for developing the victorious strategy thinking over all physical and mental elements, passing through the total phenomenon world in war. And he has to dominate the uncertainty through the courage as private mental capacity and a piercing eye(coup d’oeil), determination, equanimity, the power of self-control, sense of topography as supreme commander. And he has to play a center part for victory and implementing the strategy through fostered the total force’s team spirits and demonstrating the fearlessness. Given the implicature for us today by Clausewitz’s On War and ‘Military Genius’ is that we can control and overcome the uncertainty because the uncertainty can’t be eliminated forever. And to the soldier, in commanding war, private mental capacity is the highest value in any war. Furthermore, it’s also very important for military’s team spirit and commander’s fearlessness in war. In addition, it’s very important value today that we have to right understand trinity as the harmony of nature element in war.
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임익순(Ik Soon Im) 한국경영학회 1971 經營學硏究 Vol.1 No.-
Securities financing is usually defined as a method of financing credit using securities. In a narrow sense, it is a method through which credit is provided with collateral of securities however, it usually covers also an extensive range of transactions concerning issuance, collateral and underwriting of various kinds of bonds, stocks, etc. in financial markets. Securities financing, therefore, not only promotes transaction of securities but also enables the government and firms to initiate or increase issuance of their public and private bonds and stocks to finance their requirements of long-term capital. Securities financing is especially an important method to finance necessary domestic capital for economic development in Korea. Here a brief description of the situation in Korea seems to be noteworthy. The Korean economy in the past years has grown rapidly with accompanying increase in the business volume and capital. Increase in business capital in Korea, however, has not been supported by the services of organized capital market, but rather by the active support of banks or government and by successful inflows of foreign loans, both commercial and public. According to the recent announcement of the Economic Planning Board, inducement of foreign capital, commercial and public loans and foreigners` direct investment, amounted to about 3 billion dollars, as of the end of December 1970. An analysis of the financial structure of business firms by the Bank of Korea has shown an equity capital ratio of 25 per cent of big corporations as of the end of December 1970. The majority of business firms still suffer from a chronic shortage of capital, long-term and short-term, and high debt-equity ratio. Owing to this situation, the future growth potential will be repressed. To carry out successfully the economic development plan in Korea, a huge amount of domestic and foreign capital must be financed rationally. If Korea cannot raise appropriate amounts of domestic capital from an organized capital market, foreign capital cannot be raised or utilized effectively. However, the Korean capital market is characterized by a limited supply of securities and inadequate demand for them. Therefore, the government is now striving for development of the capital market by considering measures to increase the supply of securities in the market and the demand to absorb the supply. Expansion of securities financing is considered to be one of the most efficient ways to increase the supply and demand of securities and to foster a capital market in an economy. Observing the recent past in Korean it is not difficult, however, to judge that the role of financial markets in connection with securities financing is extremely insignificant when the amount transacted in this way is compared with that of foreign capital investment, government loan and other similar credit arrangement. Moreover, it is also important to note that no foreign capital investment is undertaken in securities financing. Hence, the potential role of securities financing in Korea, when it is properly promoted, will be enlarged and will contribute to better results than any other method of credit arrangement. In this paper, the types of securities financing, in the limited sense that securities financing is a method based on the collateralization of securities in financing, were classified into the following three categories. 1) Securities underwriting financing as a fundamental transaction in a primary (issue) market, 2) Securities investment financing in a secondary (circulation) market, and 3) General securities financing by collateralization. The development process of securities financing was divided into three different types as categorized above. For convenience the development process is also chronologically divided into two periods: (1) From the establishment of the securities market in 1956 to the great securities price fluctuation in 1962 and (2) From 1962 to present.
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韓國農村의 剩餘勞動力과 그 利用問題 : 資本形成을 中心으로
任翊淳 연세대학교 대학원 1963 延世論叢 Vol.2 No.2
Although our economy has improved substantially in recent years, the economy has to progress further and faster in order to raise our plane of living. In developing our economy, social, political and economic atmospheres must be favorable to it. Especially productive factors such as capital, natural resources and labor must be favorable to the progress. Republic of Korea, however, is characterized by an abundant labor force together wish a scarecity of land and capital equipments. Therefore the relationship of these factors results in a low per capital income level. The Korean economy is the virtual absence of productive equipment concurrent with an enormous waste of labor. However, labor is an important source of wealth and without a great quantity of labor, economic growth can not be obtained satisfactorilly. Our country has a lot of surplus labor force..... unemployment mild underemployment-- can be converted into productive labor force. The main purpose of this paper is to find out the size of surplus labor force in our rural area and to find the effective ways of utilization of the surplus labor. In order to estimate the surplus labor force in our rural area, the writer took a sample survey in six villages. First, this paper dealt with the relationship of population growth and capital formation. We found that rapid growth of our population is a deterrent factor for capital formation and economic development. Second, this paper has studied the composition of labor force by industry, and income level of the primary, secondary and tertiary industries. Our statistical data were compared with those of other countries, both advanced and underdeveloped countries. In recent fears, about 80 percent of the total unemployment is engaged in primary industry, but only about 40 percent of gross national products of our country was contributed by the primary industry. Third, our sample of six villages was made in order to project an estimate of the surplus labor force in rural areas. Total available and required labor force in all Korean rural districts was calculated on the basis of data obtained in our survey of information about the six villages together with data available at the office of the Ministry of Agriculture. We found the estimated figure for the surplus labor force to be about 50 percent of total labor force in January, February and December, whereas the shortage of labor force amounted to eight percent in June and October. Lastly, the ways of effective utilization of rural surplus labor were studied. The writer suggested the following five programs : they are (1) industrialization, (2) development of foreign trade, (3) national construction service, (4) community development, and (5) rural allied work programs. Particular attention was paid to the program of allied farm work development for the effective utilization of rural surplus labor force. It must be remembered that the labor force is a real source of wealth and economic development. The existence of a surplus labor force can be said to be the source of potential power for our economic development. The unproductive laborers must be converted into productive laborers in order to increase the capital formation and improvement of our living standard.
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從業員 持株制度를 통한 韓國 資本市場의 育成方案 硏究 : With Special Reference to Employee Stock Purchase Plan
任翊淳 연세대학교 대학원 1971 延世論叢 Vol.8 No.1
The main objectives of this research is to identify and analyze the present situation of the employee stock purchase plan in Korea and to recommend a promotion measures of the plan for the development of Korea Stock Market. Adoptation of the employee stock purchase plan in Korea is one of the effective methods to promote Korea stock market. Equity capital of Korean business enterprises can hardly expand without the development of security market. The writer analyzed the questionaires on employee stock purchase plan which collected from 208 administrators and managers of the various industry from May 11, 1970 to May 21, 1970. The result of this study shows that about 86.9% (116) the 208 administrators and managers are in favour of the plan and about 82.8% of them are going to adopt this plan in the future. But only 8.2% of the administrators and managers are adopting similar type of the employee stock purchase plan at present time. Development of employee stock purchase plan in Korea is helpful for both the corporations and employees. Government authorities should encourage to utilize the plan by amending taxation law and financial policy. The writer wish that the proposed recommendations of this research study should reflected on the policy making.
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