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인유 , 조제 분유 및 시유의 인 지방질의 지방산 조성의 비교
윤태헌,임경자 ( Tai Heon Yoon,Kyung Ja Im ) 한국유화학회 1985 한국응용과학기술학회지 Vol.2 No.1
Effects of garlic on hypocholesterolemia, anticoagulation and hypoglycemia were studied in the present experiments using male rats. The results were summarized as follows. 1. The supplementation of 2~4% garlic to 2% cholesterol diets did not affect food intake and weight gain in male rats. 2. Rat`s groups fed the diets supplemented with 2~3% garlic (C,D,E,F) to 2% cholesterol diet (B) decreased serum total cholesterol levels by 16~32%, triglyceride levels by 18.6~26.8% and β/α-lipoportein rations by 42~58%, but increased HDL-cholesterol levels by 29~65% as compared to B group, and so the author assumes that garlic supplementation exerts hypocholesterolemic effect on cholesterol-fed rats because of the increase of HDL and HDL-cholesterol levels. 3. Rat`s groups fed the diets supplemented with 2~4% garlic (C,D,E,F) to 2% cholesterol plus 0.25% bile salt diet (B) increased whole blood coagulation times, prothrombin times and fibrinolytic activities, but decreased plasma fibrinogen levels as compared to B group, and so the author assumes that garlic supplementation exerts anticoagulative effect because of the inhibition of fibrinogen synthesis in male rat`s liver. 4. Rat`s groups fed the diets supplemented with 2~4% garlic (B,C,D,E) to standard diet (A) decreased serum glucose levels by 1~24%, but increased serum insulin concentrations by 0.5~3.0 times as compared to A group, and so the author assumes the garlic supplementation exerts hypoglycemic effect because of the increase of serum insulin levels by stimulating pancreatic secretion of insulin from β-cells in the islets of Langerhans.
인유 , 조제 분유 및 시유의 총지방질 조성 , 총지방산 조성 및 비타민 E 함량의 비교
윤태헌,임경자,장유경 ( Tai Heon Yoon,Kyung Ja Im,You Kyung Jang ) 한국유화학회 1984 한국응용과학기술학회지 Vol.1 No.1
The lipid and fatty acid compositions and vitamin E content were analyzed in 48 human mature milk, 3 infant formulas (modified milk powder) and 8 market milk samples. The total lipid content in modified milk powder was similar those in human milk and market milk when total solids content of modified milk powder was corrected to that of human milk. In comparison with human milk, modified milk powder contained a lower proportion of triglycerides and higher proportions of phospholipids, free fatty acids and cholesterol esters. The ratios of phospholipids/ triglycerides, total cholesterol/ triglycerides and total tocopherol/ total lipids in modified milk powder were significantly higher than those in human milk and market milk. The American recommendation fro linoleic acid (0.7 IU/g) could be satisfied with human milk, modified milk powder and market milk. The proportions of short-and medium-chain even numbered saturates were higher and the proportions of long-chain derivatives of linoleic (ω6 series) and linolenic (ω3 series)acids were lower in modified milk powder and market milk than in human milk. It is concluded that in view of their levels in breast milk, the polyenoic derivatives of linoleic and linolenic acids must be taken into account when assessing infant foods.
수유 기간의 경과에 따른 인유 트리글리세리드의 지방산 조성, 아실 탄소수 및 종의 변화
윤태헌(Tai-Heon Yoon),임경자(Kyung-Ja Im) 한국식품영양과학회 1985 한국식품영양과학회지 Vol.14 No.1
수유 기간의 경과에 따른 인유의 트리글리세리드 조성의 변화를 자유 섭취하는 수유부들로부터 분만후 70 일까지 채취한 인유 69시료에 대하여 가스 크로마토그래피와 TLC-FID법 등을 사용하여 살펴 보았다. 트리글리세리드의 포화 지방산 중에서 유선의 alveolar cell에서 합성되는 지방산들 (8:0, 10:0, 12:0, 14:0)은 수유 기간이 경과함에 따라 점차 유의하게 증가하였다. 혈액으로부터 유래되는 포화 지방산들 중 16:0, 22:0, 24:0 등의 지방산들은 초유에서 유의하게 높았다. 18:2ω6과 18:3ω3은 수유 기간이 경과함에 따라 증가한 반면 18:1ω9와 ω6 및 ω3계의 장쇄 고도 불포화 지방산의 대사 산물들은 유의하게 감소하여 갔다. 트리글리세리드의 아실 탄소수의 범위는 30-60으로서 주요 글리세리드는 아실탄소수 44-52개를 가진 것이었는데 수유 기간의 경과에 따라 탄소수 46이하일 때는 유의한 증가의 경향을 띄었고, 50이상일 때는 감소의 경향을 나타 내었다. 트리글리세리드의 종 중에서 saturates는 수유기간이 경과함에 따라 유의한 증가치를 보인 반면 dienes는 감소의 양상을 띄었다. The fatty acid composition, total number of fatty acid acyl carbon atoms and species of triglycerides from human milk samples obtained during 70 days of lactation from 39 mothers were determined by argentation thin-layer and gas chromatographic procedures. The medium-and long-chain saturated fatty acids(8:0, 10:0, 12:0 and 14:0) which are formed exclusively by synthesis within mammary gland increased significantly from colostrum to mature milk. Long-chain saturated fatty acids(16:0, 22:0 and 24:0) were significantly higher than the levels found in transitional and mature milk. The precursors of ω 6-and ω 3-series, 18:2 ω 6 and 18:3 ω 3, were increased slightly in progressing lactation. Colostrum contained significantly higher proportions of 18:1 ω 9 and ω 6-and ω 3- derived long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids than transitional milk, and these levels were further reduced in mature milk. The triglycerides of human milk lipids which were made up of 30-60 acyl carbon atoms showed a pattern with major contributions made by the glycerides with 44-52 acyl carbon atoms. The levels of triglycerides with less than 46 acyl carbon atoms increased significantly with the elapse of lactation period, whereas those with more than 50 acyl carbon atoms decreased significantly. The fully saturated triglycerides increased significantly as the lactation proceeded, but the dienoic triglycerides declined significantly.
한국 성인 남자 및 여자의 혈청 유리 아미노산의 정상치
윤태헌(Tai-Heon Yoon),임경자(Kyung-Ja Im) 한국식품영양과학회 1984 한국식품영양과학회지 Vol.13 No.4
20-39세 사이의 성인 남자 34명과 여자 35명에 대하여 혈청 유리 아미노산의 정상치를 구하였다. 성인 남녀 다 같이 threonine(일부 glutamine이 포함 alanine, lysine이 전체 아미노산 중에서 약 40%를 차지하고 있었으며, 총필수 아미노산의 함량은 총비필수 아미노산의 함량보다 유의하게 낮았다. 혈청 아미노산 조성에서 뚜렷한 성별의 차이가 나타났는데 성인 남자에서는 alanine, cystine, valine, isoleucine, leucine, tyrosine, tryptophan, threonine, methionine, proline 등이, 여자에서는 lysine, histidine이 각각 유의하게 높은 수준을 보였다. 총필수 아미노산의 함량 그리고 총비필수 아미노산 및 총아미노산에 대한 총필수 아미노산의 몰비도 성인 남자가 유의성 있는 높은 수준을 나타내었다. 아울러 총필수 아미노산에 대한 각 필수 아미노산의 몰비를 구하여 성별로 비교하였다.) Mean values for the fasting serum levels of the individual amino acids are given for 34 adult males and 35 adult females, ranging in age from 20 to 39 years. Threonine plus glutamine, alanine and lysine accounted for about 40% of total amino acids, and total essential amino acids was significantly lower han total nonessential amino acids. There were highly significant differences between men and women in the mean serum amino acid levels. Men had significantly higher levels than women for most of the amino acids except lysine and histidine. Total essential amino acids, and the molar ratios of total essential to total nonessential amino acids and total amino acids showed significantly higher levels in men than in women. The molar ratios of each essential amino acid to total essential amino acids were also examined.
수유기간의 경과에 따른 인유 인 지방질의 지방산 조성의 변화
윤태헌(Tai-Heon Yoon),임경자(Kyung-Ja Im) 한국식품영양과학회 1985 한국식품영양과학회지 Vol.14 No.1
한국인 중류층 수유부들로부터 분만 후 70일까지 채취한 유즙의 인 지방질의 지방산 조성이 수유기간의 경과에 따라 어떻게 변화하는지 살펴 보았다. 8 : 0은 이행유 단계에서, 그리고 10 : 0, 12 : 0, 14 : 0 등은 성숙유 Ⅰ 단계에서 각각 유의하게 증가하였다. ωS계 대사산물들(20 : 2ω6, 20 : 4ω6, 22 : 4ω6)은 수유기간의 경과에 따라 점진적인 감소의 경향을 나타내었다. 24 : 1ω9는 이행유 단계에서 유의한 증가의 수준을 유지하다가 그 이후는 초유 수준 이하로 유의하게 감소하였다. Changes in fatty acid composition of phospholipids from human milk during the course of lactation were determined in milk from Korean lactating mothers giving birth at term. The levels of 8 : 0 increased significantly from colostral to transitional stages with a further small decrease at mature stage. The proportions of 10 : 0, 12 : 0 and 14 : 0 increased markedly from colostrum to transitional to mature milk. The ω6-derived long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids, 20 : 2ω6, 20 : 4ω5 and 22 : 4ω6, were decreased with time of lactation. The levels of 24 : 1ω9 were significantly higher in transitional milk than in colostrum and then significantly decreased to lower levels than the colostral levels at mature milk.