솔보써말 방법을 이용한 구리분말 제조 및 전자파 차폐제로의 응용

이효원,김수룡,권우택,최덕균,김영희,Lee, Hyo-Won,Kim, Soo-Ryong,Kwon, Woo-Teck,Choi, Duck-Kyun,Kim, Young-Hee 한국재료학회 2006 한국재료학회지 Vol.16 No.5

Copper powders have been widely used in electrically conductive coatings, electrode materials et al. and are very prospective since they are cheaper than noble metal powders such as silver or palladium. In this study, copper powders for metal filler of EMI shielding have been prepared using a solvothermal process from $CuSO_4$, NaOH, Glucose, mixed solvent ($H_2O$: Ethanol) and hydrazine which was used as a reducing agent at various reaction conditions. The prepared copper powders showed finely dispersed spherical shape without agglomerate, uniform morphology, narrow size distribution, high purity and were about 400-700 nm in size. The prepared powders were characterized using XRD, SEM, TGA, XPS, particle size measurement and EMI shielding efficiency.

Synthesis of Chloral-2-acetothienone and Trichloroethylidene-2-acetothienone, and Reaction of Trichloroethylidene-2-acetothienone with Hydrazines

이효원,이윤영,Lee, Hyo Won,Lee, Youn Young Korean Chemical Society 1975 대한화학회지 Vol.19 No.1

2-Acetothienone과 chloral을 축합시켜 chloral-2-acetothienone을 생성하였으며 이것을 탈수하여 trichloroethylidene-2-acetohienone을 합성하였다. Trichloroethylidene-2-acetothienone과 phenylhydrazine 또는 치환된 phenylhydrazine들과의 반응으로 2-aryl-6-(2-thienyl)-3(2H)-pyridazinone들을 얻었으며 hydrazine과의 반응에서는 3-(2-thienyl)-5-trichloromethyl-2-pyrazoline이 합성되었다. Chloral-2-acetothienone was synthesized from the condensation of 2-acetothienone with chloral, and trichloroethylidene-2-acetothienone was obtained from the dehydration of chloral-2-acetothienone. From the reaction of trichloroethylidene-2-acetothienone with phenylhydrazine or substituted phenylhydrazines 2-aryl-6-(2-thienyl)-3(2H)-pyridazinones were obtained. 3-(2-Thienyl)-5-trichloromethyl-2-pyrazoline was synthesized from the reaction of trichloroethylidene-2-acetothienone with hydrazine hydrate.

Synthesis of 3,6-Dihydro-2H-pyran Subunits of Laulimalide Using Olefinic Ring Closing Metathesis.PartⅡ

이효원,윤서혜,최이일영,장봉용,Lee, Hyo Won,Yun, Seo Hye,Choe, Lee Il Yeong,Jang, Bong Yong Korean Chemical Society 2001 Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society Vol.22 No.11

답리작 춘계포장에서 보리 및 이탈리안 라이그라스와 두과의 혼파비율이 동위원소 희석법 및 차이법을 이용한 질소고정 및 이동에 미치는 영향

이효원,이효진,김원호,윤봉기,고한종,Lee, Hyo-Won,Lee, Hyo-Jin,Kim, Won Ho,Yoon, Bong Ki,Ko, Han Jong 한국초지조사료학회 2016 한국초지조사료학회지 Vol.36 No.4

본 연구는 전남농업기술원 답리작 시험포장에서 2006년과 2007년 사이에 보리와 이탈리안 라이그래스와 각종 두과를 혼파비율을 달리한 처리하여 파종하였다. 주구는 보리 및 이탈리안 라이그래스와 자운영, 크림손클로버, 헤어리벳치, 사료용 완두였고 세구는 화본과와 두과를 각각 50:50, 60:40, 70:30 그리고 80:20이었다. 공중질소 고정량 및 이의 이동을 측정하기 위하여 질소동위원소($^{15}N(NH_4)_2SO_4$)를 2007년 4월 15일 처리 후 쿼드랏 안의 식물체를 6월 8일에 수확하여 화본과 및 두과로 분리한 후 안정성동위원소 질량분석기를 이용하여 분석하였다. 공중질소 고정률은 두과에서 화본과로, 질소이동은 차이법과 동위원소 희석법을 이용하여 구하였다. 본 실험결과의 주요내용은 동위원소 초과는 화본과에서는 차가 없었던 반면 보리와 두과와 혼파비율이 60:40인 처리에서 유의적인 차이가 있었다. 그 값은 보리와 혼파한 두과는 0에서 0.54 범위였다. 이탈리안 라이그래스와 두과 혼파에서는 초과 값이 더 높아 보리에서는 0.71에서 0.82, 두과는 0.37에서 1.01 사이였다. 공중 질소 이용비율은 보리와의 조합은 0%~49.5%, 이탈리안 라이그라스 조합은 0~60.5%의 범위로 다양한 결과를 나타내었다. 차이법에 의한 이동량 시험에서는 보리와의 조합에서 12.3~90.9 kg/ha, 이탈리안 라이그래스 조합에서는 보리보다 더 많아 31.7~107.8 kg 사이였다. 한편 동위원소 희석법에서는 보리와 두과 혼파조합은 0~36.1 kg/ha 그리고 이탈리안 라이그래스와 두과 혼파에서는 0~50.6 kg/ha로 이탈리안 라이그래스 조합이 더 많은 것으로 나타났다. 차이법에 의한 질소 이동량이 동위원소 희석법보다 더 많은 것으로 나타났다. In order to study the effect of barley, Italian ryegrass (IRG), and legume mixture on nitrogen fixation and transfer to grasses on spring paddy field, an experiment was carried out from Oct. 2006 to June 2007 in Naju, Korea. A split plot design with three replications was used for the experiment. One reference plot was assigned for each treatment to determine nitrogen fixation. Main plots consisted of Chinese milk vetch, crimson clover, forage pea, and hairy vetch with barley, respectively. Subplot treatment were barley or IRG with four seeding ratio of legumes (50:50, 60:40, 70:30, and 80:20). To estimate N fixation by legumes, $^{15}N$ isotope dilution technique was used. $^{15}N$ fertilizer [$(^{15}NH_4)_2SO_4$ solution at 99.8 atom N] was uniformly applied to $600cm^2$ in the middle of each plot on April 15, 2007. Plots were harvest by hand on June 8, 2007. Dried sample were ground to a fine power and analyzed for total N isotope N. $^{15}N$ was determined using elemental analyzer-isotope ratio mass spectrometry. The calculation of N transfer was determined with the isotope dilution method. The content of N was higher in legumes than that in barley or Italian ryegrass. Nitrogen level in forage pea was significantly higher than that of other legumes. There were significantly differences in N content between legumes in IRG mixture. Atom % $^{15}N$ excess was significantly different in legumes with barley. The 60:40 sub plot had higher (p<0.05) atom % $^{15}N$ than other seeding ratio treatments. The enrichment ranged from 0 to 0.58. Compared to barley, the enrichment of IRG with its accompanied legumes was higher, ranging from 0.38 to 1.0. The N derived from the atmosphere (Ndfa) ranged from 0% to 49.5% with barley-legume mixture. It ranged from 0 to 60.5% in IRG-legume plots. N transfer from legumes to neighboring grasses was 12.3 to 90.9 kg/ha for barley-legume mixture and 31.7 to 107.8 kg/ha for IRG plots. IRG plots showed higher N transfer for IRG-legume mixture in general based on difference method. Based on $^{15}N$ dilution method, the N transfer was 0 to 36.1 kg/ha for barley-legume mixture and 0 to 50.6 kg/ha for IRG plots. There was a tendency toward higher N transfer on the difference method than that of the $^{15}N$ dilution method.

트리암시놀론이 배양된 사람 섬유아세포의 생존과 산화질소 생성에 미치는 영향

이효원,김재우,Hyo-Won Lee,Jae-Woo Kim 대한안과학회 2005 대한안과학회지 Vol.46 No.11

Purpose: To investigate the effect of triamcinolone acetonide (TA) on cell survival and nitric oxide (NO) production in cultured human Tenon`s capsule fibroblast (FB) cells. Methods: After exposed to TA, indomethacin, and dexamethasone for 2 days, cell survival and nitrite production of primarily cultured human FB cells were assessed with MTT and Griess assays, respectively. Results: Cell survival increased after exposure to TA at low concentrations but decreased at high concentrations. TA decreased the production of NO significantly (p<0.05). Exposure to indomethacin and dexamethasone revealed similar results. Conclusions: Both the biphasic effect on cell survival and the decreased production of NO induced by TA in FB cells could affect conjunctival wound healing

Synthesis of 3,6-Dihydro-2H-pyran Subunits of Laulimalide Using Olefinic Ring Closing Merathesis. PartⅠ

이효원,정충식,윤수혜,이일영최,Lee, Hyo Won,Jeong, Chung Sik,Yun, Su Hye,Lee, Il Yeong Choe Korean Chemical Society 2001 Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society Vol.22 No.8

나주, 천년의 역사, 그리고 가능성

이효원,Lee, Hyo-Won 대한건축사협회 1999 建築士 Vol.1999 No.5

Synthesis of the C11-C21 and C13-C21 Fragments of Epothilones from D-Glucose

이효원,최일영,홍용덕,Lee, Hyo Won,Choe, Il Yeong,Hong, Yong Deok Korean Chemical Society 2000 Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society Vol.21 No.12

여섯조각이야기의 양적 분석을 위한 시도

이효원 ( Hyo Won Lee ) 한국연극학회 2015 한국연극학 Vol.1 No.57

여섯조각이야기(6PSM)는 스토리텔링에 기반한 연극치료의 진단평가 도구다. 참여자의 스트레스 대응 기제의 유형을 파악하기 위해 개발된 이래로 그 서사의 내용을 주제, 갈등, 치료에 대한 반응, 극적 발달 단계, 영웅 서사, 지배적 상징의 측면에서 읽는 다양한 질적 분석 방식을 축적해왔다. 그러나 연극치료를 잘 알지 못하는 사람들에게 그 효율성을 알기 쉽게 입증하기 위해서는, 질적 분석에 편향적으로 의존하는 데서 벗어나 평가의 객관성을 담보할 수 있는 양적 분석을 시도할 필요가 있다. 양적 분석은 평가 대상을 개념화, 범주화, 계량화할 것을 요구한다. 연구자는 그에 따라 먼저 여섯조각이야기가 투사하는 참여자의 특성을 회복 탄력성으로 집약하여 개념화하였다. 회복탄력성은 위기나 역경을 극복하고 긍정적인 상태로 돌아가는 능력을 지칭한다는 점에서, 스트레스 대응 기제의 유형 분석을 목적으로 한 애초의 제작 배경과도 일맥상통한다. 그리고 그 회복탄력성의 특성에 준하여 여섯조각이야기의 줄거리를 분석하는 범주를 여섯 개의 질문으로 찾아냈다. 주인공이 능동적이고 구체적인가?(주인공의 능동성), 주인공에게 적절한 과제인가(과제의 적절성), 과제 수행과정이 그럴듯한가?(과제수행과정의 개연성), 이야기가 만족스럽게 끝나는가?(결말의 낙관성), 인물의 정서와 상호작용이 긍정적인가?(정서와 관계의 긍정성), 허구를 잘 만드는가?(허구의 완성도)가 그것이다. 세 번째는 계량화 단계로, 채점이 가능하도록 각 범주가 내포한 준거에 따라 이야기의 특성을 6단계의 문항으로 세분하였다. 그리고 마지막으로 유사한 특성을 측정하는 범주끼리 묶어 선택결합, 표현, 자아상, 정서의 네 항목으로 정리했다. 이 항목들은 각각 참여자의 현실 검증 능력, 상상력, 자아강도, 낙관성을 나타내며, 회복탄력성을 구성하는 하위 능력으로서 참여자의 변화 양상을 보다 정밀하고 다각적으로 점검할 수 있게 해준다. 또한 참여자 A가 작업 전과 후에 만든 여섯조각이야기를 비교함으로써 임상 현장에서 양적 분석이 어떻게 쓰일 수 있는지 그 가능성을 보이고자 했다. 그 용례를 통해 여섯조각이야기의 양적 분석이 참여자의 회복탄력성과 세부적 변화의 양상과 크기를 일목요연하게 포착함을 확인할 수 있다. 본 연구는 연극치료의 여러 진단평가 도구 중 여섯조각이야기를 택하여 그 결과를 양적으로 분석할 수 있는 방식을 탐색하고 처음으로 제안한다는 데서 의의를 찾을 수 있다. Six-Piece Story-Making(6PSM) is a diagnostic assessment tool of dramatherapy based on storytelling. It had developed in 1992 by Mooli Lahad and Alida Gersie. At the beginning, it``s aim was to find the type of teller``s coping strategy to stress. And since then, various qualitative analysis methods read content of narrative in terms of theme, unconscious conflict, reaction to the dramatherapist, dramatic development, heroic narrative and dominant symbol have been developed. But dramatherapy has been too much heavily dependent on qualitative research. It``s important to try qualitative analysis and develop qualitative assessment tool for demonstrating the efficacy of dramatherapy to many people knows little about dramatherapy. Qualitative analysis follows the process of conceptualization, categorization and quantification of the assessment object. According that process, I integrate attributes of teller the 6PSM project and the result is resilience. Psychological resilience is the ability to overcome the crisis and return to positive conditions. In that respect, the developing background for the purpose of analysis type of stress coping mechanism has something to do with this concept, resilience. And then, I sort out six categories in the form of a question that analyze the story of 6PSM. Those are the main character``s activeness and concreteness, relevance of the task, probability of the task performance process, fiction configuration capabilities, affection and relational characteristic aspects, task performance and ending. The third stage is to quantify and subdivide into six steps each category for scoring. And final procedure is to tie between two categories that measure similar attributes Selection combination, expression, self-image and affection are those four categories. Those respectively demonstrate reality testing ability, imaginative faculty, ego strength and optimism. And as lower capacity that make up the psychological resilience, those makes us to check more precisely the changes in participants. The case of participant A``s two stories shows that the quantitative analysis about 6PSM really captures the size and pattern of participant``s detailed change. This research has significance in that it selected 6PSM among other diagnostic assessment tools and produced analysis tool that can analyze the result quantitatively for the first time.

폭식증 환자의 연극치료 사례

이효원 ( Hyo Won Lee ) 한국연극학회 2014 한국연극학 Vol.1 No.52

This paper describes dramatherapy with a bulmina nervosa patient. She was in her early 20s and has been under the various psychotherapies for cure of deep depression since 2005. We had 24 sessions and 3 persons - the patient, the therapist, and the assist-therapist- participated in dramatherapy. I found there``s a big collision between her important roles in the course of initial interview and diagnosis. Those roles are ``a good daughter of mom`` and ``an independent adult``. Therefore I defined her bulmina nervosa as ``an symbolic behavior repeats compulsively the failure of separation from her mother.`` And I set the general goals, the separation from her mother, the awareness and expression of negative emotions, and the diminuation of overeating and vomiting. To attain these object, we had many different dramatic experiences in dramatherapy. We made a self-portrait, the mask of bulmina nervosa, family sculpture, figure work, the past I and the present I, psychodramatic scene and several stories. In order to objective assessment, I used behavioral observation and 6PSM(6 Pieces Story Making) analysis. First of all the most noticeable change was a rapid decrease in over-eating and vomiting. Before the dramatherapy she had overeaten 30 times per week. At the closure it has fallen off to 1 time per week. Another behavioral changes were shift of outward appearance, not going church, working for living, and having a date with only one. She made 3 stories on 1th session, 13th session, and 23th session. And I comparatively analysed those stories with both qualitative and quantitative method. For qualitative analysis, I classified 5 structures according to the substantial similrarity. On protagonist structure, there``s no difference. Three protagonists are dead things. The type of task structure is changed from an escape, a traveling, to metamorphosis. The type of obstruction structure is changed from the protagonist to an outside object. The type of closure structure is changed from an exaggerated happy ending, sad ending to probable happy ending. To quantitify the aspects of transformation, I developed an assesment tool using likert scale. It is composed of 4 sub-categories-reality testing, imagination, ego-strength, optimism problem-solving. In reality testing category, a shift of score was 9-11-15, imagination 2-5-5, ego strength 3-2-2, optimism 6-3-7, and total score 20-21-29. This change of score reflects the growth of problem solving capacity. Viewed in this light, dramatherapy with this girl was successful on the whole. The thing had significant effect on it was psycho-dynamic approach focused on separation from her mother and defence mechanism to avoid negative emotion. And assessment method used in this case will be full of suggestions to researches to come.