기능적 전기자극을 적용한 트레드밀 보행 훈련이 편마비 환자의 보행 속도와 보행 지구력, 에너지 소모지수에 미치는 영향

이형수,신영일,김명훈,Lee, Hyoung-Soo,Shin, Young-Il,Kim, Myung-Hoon 대한물리치료과학회 2003 대한물리치료과학회지 Vol.10 No.2

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of Treadmill Training with FES(TTF) on walking velocity, gait endurance, and energy expenditure index(EEI) of hemiplegia patients with foot drop. Two subjects with hemiplegia participated in this study. They took walking excercise 5 times per week for 8 weeks. One time excercise spent 30minutes. The theraputic effect was evaluated by how many seconds they needed to walk 10 meters, how far they could walk for 12 minutes, and how much they spent energy in walking for 12 minutes. Two cases were examined before, after 4 week, and after 8 week, walking training. The results of this study are as follows; 1) Walking velocity : Case 1 increased from 0.52m/sec before walking training to 0.83m/sec after 8 weeks. Case 2 increased from 0.58m/sec to 0.92m/sec. 2) Gait endurance : Case 1 increased from 383.23m to 625.53m. Case 2 increased from 410.19m to 693.47m. 3) EEI : For comfortable walking condition, Case 1 decreased from 0.98beats/min to 0.71beats/min, and Case 2 decreased from 0.93beats/min to 0.68beats/min. For maximum walking condition, Case 1 decreased from 0.93beats/min to 0.67beats/min, and Case 2 decreased from 0.91beats/min to 0.61beats/min. The findings suggest that hemiplegia patients can improve their walking velocity, gait endurance and energy expenditure index through TTF.

포화사(飽和砂)의 전단강도(剪斷强度)에 관한 실험적(實驗的) 연구(硏究)

이형수,박용대,Lee, Hyoung Soo,Park, Young Dae 대한토목학회 1989 대한토목학회논문집 Vol.9 No.3

본(本) 연구(硏究)는 일본(日本)의 표준사(標準砂)인 풍포사(豊浦砂) (Toyoura Sand)를 사용(使用)하여 일본대학(日本大學) 이공학부토질실험실(理工學部土質實驗室)에 비치(備置)된 응력(應力)과 변형(變形)의 조건(條件)이 서로 다른 시험장치(試驗裝置) 이용(利用)하여 평면변형시험(平面變形試驗)과 축대칭응력(軸對稱應力) 조건하(條件下)의 삼축압축시험(三軸壓縮試驗)을 실시(實施)하고 이미 조사(調査) 보고(報告)한 바 있는 비트림 단순전단시험(單純剪斷試驗) 결과(結果)와 비교(比較)하여 3차원(三次元) 응력조건하(應力條件下)에서 포화(飽和)된 모래의 전단변형(剪斷變形) 특성(特性)을 검토(檢討)하여 다음과 같은 결론(結論)을 얻었다. 1) 모래의 내부마찰각(內部摩擦角) ${\phi}_d$는 응력변형(應力變形)의 조건(條件)에 관계(關係)없이 구속압(拘束壓)에 반비례(反比例)한다. 이는 같은 밀도(密度)의 모래라도 구속압(拘束壓)이 낮을 수록 체적변화(體積變化)가 크기 때문이다. 2) 같은 밀도(密度)의 모래라도 응력변형(應力變形)의 조건(條件)에 따라 ${\phi}$값이 다르며 ${\phi}_dTS$는 ${\phi}_dPS$ 및 ${\phi}_dTC$에 비(比)하여 구속압(拘束壓)이 낮을 때 그 영향이 크다. 3) 같은 밀도(密度)와 구속압하(拘束壓下)에서는 ${\phi}_dPS$는 ${\phi}_dTC$ 보다 크고 ${\phi}_dTS$ 보다 작은 값을 나타내는 것을 보아 모래의 전단강도(剪斷强度)는 응력변형(應力變形)의 조건(條件)에 따라 차이가 남을 알 수 있다. 4) 모래의 한계상태(限界狀態)를 나타내는 에너지 소산식(消散式)에 의(依)하면 응력비(應力比)(q/p)와 변형증분비(變形增分比) 관계(關係)는 평면변형시험(平面變形試驗)의 경우 공시체(供試體)의 구속압(拘束壓) 및 밀도(密度)에 관계(關係)없이 동일(同一)한 직선상(直線上)에 존재(存在)한다. The purpose of this study is to compare the results of shear-deformation of saturated sand under the 3 dimensional stress with the results of simple torque-shear test already reported, Japaness standard sand, Toyoura sand, was chosen as test sample and the equipments of the department of soil mechancis laboratory of Nihon University were used. The conclusions obtained are as follows. 1). The friction angle of sand (${\phi}$) is proportional to the density regardless of the condition of stress-strain. This is because of the reason that the lower the cell pressure becomes, the larger the volume changes in case of the same density. 2). The value of ${\varphi}$ are variable according to the condition of stress-strain in the same density, and ${\phi}_dTS$ is larger than ${\phi}_dPS$ and ${\phi}_dTC$ when cell pressure is low. 3). ${\phi}_dPS$ is larger then ${\phi}_dTS$, under the same denstiy and same cell pressure. Thus the shear strength of sand is decided according to the condition of stress-strain 4). the relationship between the stress ratio (q/p) and strain increment ration in the plane strain test is linear regardless of the density and the cell pressure of the test sample.

화강풍화토(花崗風化土)의 파쇄(破碎) 및 다짐에너지가 투수성(透水性)에 미치는 영향(影響)

이형수,Lee, Hyoung Soo 대한토목학회 1983 대한토목학회논문집 Vol.3 No.3

This paper is concerned with the permeability through a decomposed granite soil layer which is influnced by change of grain sizes and crushed soils made by varied compaction energy. The change in the content of crushed soils can be described in terms of the ratio of surface area ($S_w{^{\prime}}/S_w $). The experiments were carried out to obtain the relationships of the coefficient of permeability(K) versus the optimum moisture content($w_{opt}$) by the variable head permeability test with the samples that were preapared by compaction test. The results are found as follows; (1) By the change in compaction energy, the crush ratio increased whereas the void ratio decreased with a larger maximum dry density running in parallel with the zero air void curve. (2) The ratio of surface area was $0.33(P)^{0.96}$ in $S_w{^{\prime}}/S_w $ with no relation to the compaction energy. (3) The grain size which produced the largest crush of soil particles ranged from 0.5 to 1 millimetre (4) The relationship of K versus $e^3$/1+e appeared as a straight line on the full-log-scale paper under the optimum moisture state. (5) As the compaction energy was larger, the passing percentage of #200-sieve grains increased linearly. The increment in the surface area ratio was deemed to have been caused by the decreased in the permeability. 다짐 에너지 변화(變化)에 따르는 화강풍화토의 입도변화(粒度變化) 및 파쇄량(破碎量)이 투수성(透水性)에 미치는 영향에 대해 연구하였다. 토립자(土粒子)의 파쇄(破碎)는 토립자(土粒子)의 표면적비(表面積比)($S_w{^{\prime}}/S_w$)로서 나타냈고, 다짐에너지를 변화(變化)시키면서 실시한 다짐 시험결과(試驗結果) 만들어진 시료(試料)에 변수위투수시험을 행(行)하여 투수계수와 최적함수비(最適含水比)와의 관계를 조사(調査)하였다. 그 결과(結果) 다음과 같은 사항을 알 수 있었다. (1) 다짐에너지의 증대(增大)에 따라 파쇄(破碎)가 커지고 간극비(間隙比)가 감소되고 건조밀도는 영공극곡선(零空隙曲線)에 평행(平行)하게 증대(增大)된다. (2) 표면적비(表面積比)는 다짐회수에 관계없이 $S_w{^{\prime}}/S_w=0.33(P)^{0.96}$로 표시(表示)할 수 있다. (3) 입자파쇄(粒子破碎)가 가장 크게 일어나는 입경(粒徑)은 0.5~1 mm 범위이다. (4) 최적함수비(最適含水比) 상태에서 투수계수 K와 간극비함수(間隙比函數) $\frac{e^3}{1+3}$와의 관계는 양면대수지상(兩面對數紙上)에서 직선 관계가 성립(成立)한다. (5) 최적함수비(最適函數比) 상태에서 다짐에너지가 증가(增加)되면 200번(番)체 통과량(通過量)은 거의 직선적으로 증가(增加)되며 표면적비(表面積比)의 증대(增大)는 투수성(透水性)의 저하(低下)를 갖고온다.

지적장애아동의 균형감각조절임상검사(CTSIB)와 안정성 한계에 대한 연구

이형수(Hyoung Soo Lee),송병호(Byung Ho Song) 한국사회체육학회 2010 한국사회체육학회지 Vol.0 No.39

This purpose of this study was to provide the basic data of the physical rehabilitation for the children with intellectual disability by designing new framework of the features of postural control for the children with intellectual disability. The study intended to find out the limitation of motor system by estimating the postural stability with performing the cognitive motor task and to provide the features of postural control of the children with intellectual disability by measuring the onset times and orders of muscle contraction of neuron-muscle. The subjects were 60 children including 30 normal children and 30 intellectually disabled children. To measure the features of postural control, CTSIB test, stability limitation test and postural control strategy test were conducted. The result of experiment is as followed. First, the children with intellectual disability showed different feature in using sensory system to control posture. The normal children tended to depend on somato-sensory rather than vision and showed a stable postural control toward a sway stimulus on somato-sensory system. The children with intellectual disability tended to use vision, and showed a very instable postural control toward a sway referenced vision or a sway stimulus on somato-sensory system. First, the children with intellectual disability showed different feature in using sensory system to control posture. The normal children tended to depend on somato-sensory rather than vision and showed a stable postural control toward a sway stimulus on somato-sensory system. The children with intellectual disability tended to use vision, and showed a very instable postural control toward a sway referenced vision or a sway stimulus on somato-sensory system. Second, the children with intellectual disability showed a narrower range of the limitation in stability related to postural control relatively to the normal children. The normal children are well developed postural control in every direction; forward, backward, inward and outward in symmetric form. However, the children with intellectual disability showed the limitation of stability in every direction; in particular, inward and outward. Third, as for the onset times and orders of muscle contraction for the strategies of postural control when there is an exterior physical stimulus, the children with intellectual disability showed a relatively delayed onset time of muscle control. As for the onset orders of muscle contraction, it started from muscles near coax then moved to the muscles near ankle joint which the children with intellectual disability showed more muscles activation than normal children. From the results of the experiments, the special feature of the postural control of the children with intellectual disability was that they showed a higher dependence on vision in sensory system and a difficult usage of sensory integration for postural swayed sensation in upper level of central nerve system.

점진적인 속도증진 트레드밀 훈련이 뇌졸중 환자의 보행패턴에 미치는 영향

이형수 ( Hyoung Soo Lee ) 대한통합의학회 2014 대한통합의학회지 Vol.2 No.1

연구목적 : 본 연구의 목적은 8주간의 점진적인 속도증진 훈련이 뇌졸중환자의 족저압, 보행주기, 보행대칭성에 어떠 한 영향을 주는지 알아보는 것이다. 연구방법 : 연구에 참여한 대상자들은 뇌졸중으로 진단 받고 N병원에 입원한 편마비환자 20명(실험군 10명, 대조군 10명)을 대상으로 하였다. 이들은 모두 물리치료와 작업치료를 받았고, 실험군은 주3회, 8주간의 트레드밀 보행훈련를 받았고, 대조군은 받지 않았다. 실험전, 후에 F-scan을 이용하여 보행주기, 보행대칭성을 검사하였다. 연구결과 : 8주 후, 보행주기는 실험군의 양하지지지기Ⅰ·Ⅱ, 단하지지지기에서 모두 유의하게 증가하였으나, 대조군 에서는 양하지지지기 Ⅱ, 단하지지지기에서 유의하게 증가하였다. 유각기는 실험군과 대조군 모두 유의하지는 않았다. 보행대칭성은 입각기 대칭성에서 대조군과 비교하여 실험군에서 유의하게 증가하였으나, 유각기 대칭성은 실험군과 대 조군 모두 유의하지 않았다. 결론 : 뇌졸중 환자에 있어 보행훈련은 보행주기과 보행대칭성과 를 개선시키며, 특히 점진적인 속도 증진훈련은 양 하지지지기, 단하지지지기, 입각기 보행대칭성에 효과적인 방법으로 사용될 수 있을 것으로 보인다.

PNF, PIC, MET 신장 기법의 효과에 대한 문헌적 고찰

이형수(Hyoung Soo Lee),조병모(Byeong Mo Cho) 한국사회체육학회 2005 한국사회체육학회지 Vol.0 No.23

The purpose of this study is to investigate the conception of Proprioceptive Neuromuscular Facilitation(PNF), Passive static stretching of the agonist-Isometric contraction of the agonist-Concentric contraction of the antagonist(PIC), Muscle Energy Techniques(MET) stretching in athletic training and sports. PNF stretching is currently the fastest and most effective way known to increase static-passive flexibility. PNF is an acronym for proprioceptive neuromuscular facilitation. It is not really a type of stretching but is a technique of combining passive stretching and isometric stretching in order to achieve maximum static flexibility. Actually, the term PNF stretching is itself a misnomer. PNF refers to any of several post-isometric relaxation stretching techniques in which a muscle group is passively stretched, then contracts isometrically against resistance while in the stretched position, and then is passively stretched again through the resulting increased range of motion. Most PNF stretching techniques employ isometric agonist contraction/relaxation where the stretched muscles are contracted isometrically and then relaxed. The most common PNF, PIC stretching techniques are CR, HR, CRAC, HR-AC, AC. Muscle Energy Techniques(METs) comprise manipulative treatments in which a patient actively uses muscles from a controlled position against a distinct counter force. These techniques are used to strengthen weak muscles, stretch tight muscles and fascia, mobilize joints, and to improve local circulation Positioning the joint and stabilizing the segment to reverse the muscle`s origin and insertion while utilizing isometric muscle contraction to restore normal range or placement of a spinal segment or peripheral joint. So, This article reviews will serve about the information of PNF, PIC, MET stretching for athletic training and sports. Finally, the findings indicate that PNF, PIC, MET stretching may be the preferred technique for improving flexibility, and that flexibility training.

신부전 환자의 혈액투석을 위한 Vascular Access에 관한 임상적 고찰

이형수(Hyoung Soo Lee),홍성화(Sung Wha Hong),주홍재(Hoong Zae Joo) 대한외과학회 1985 Annals of Surgical Treatment and Research Vol.28 No.4

탄성밴드를 이용한 저항운동이 여성 노인의 기초체력과 근력에 미치는 영향

이형수(Hyoung-Soo Lee),신영일(Young-Il Shin) 한국코칭능력개발원 2007 코칭능력개발지 Vol.9 No.4

탄력밴드 훈련이 척수손상인의 이동기능과 체력에 미치는 영향

이형수(Hyoung-Soo Lee),신영일(Young-Ll Shin),안승헌(Seung-Hun An) 한국코칭능력개발원 2004 코칭능력개발지 Vol.6 No.3

자유무역협정에 대한 물리치료사와 물리치료 전공학생의 인식도와 관련요인 분석

이형수 ( Hyoung Soo Lee ) 경희대학교 경영연구원 2010 의료경영학연구 Vol.4 No.1

The purpose of this study was to research the understanding of Physical Therapist and Physical Therapy students in Free Trade Agreement(FTA). This study consisted of 336 Physical Therapist and Physical Therapy students in Kwang-Ju.Jeonnam Area from May, 16 to June, 9, in 2009. The data for analysis were collected by questionnaire survey. The major statistical methods used for the analysis were factor analysis, cross analysis, ￡ø²-test. 1. The mutual recognition of qualifications was ‘Know’ 59.8%(students 26.8%, physical therapist 33.0%), ‘Do not know‘ 39.9%(students 22.3%, physical therapist 17.6%), altogether recognition appeared low. 2. The mutual regarding recognition of qualifications appeared ‘Approval’ 53.6%, ‘Opposition’ 11.1%; approval a reason appeared enlargement ‘Independence the opening of a hospital’ 28.3%, ‘Raise the social status’ 27.2%, opposition a reason appeared ‘FTA-opposition’ 27.0%, ‘The percentage of employment diminution’ 24.3%. 3. The necessary for re-organization of the school systems appeared ‘Need’ 52.7%, ‘Very-need’ 24.4%, and the period was ‘Four-year’ 31.5%. The results of this study is repeated to base on mutual recognition of qualifications from FTA negotiation.