블록 기반 실시간 계수 시스템

박현희,이형구,김재희,Park Hyun-Hee,Lee Hyung-Gu,Kim Jai-Hie 대한전자공학회 2006 電子工學會論文誌-SP (Signal processing) Vol.43 No.5

본 논문에서는 블록 기반 실시간 계수 시스템을 제안한다. 계수 시스템은 쇼핑몰이나 대형건물의 출입구, 엘리베이터, 에스컬레이터 등과 같은 다양한 환경에 적용될 수 있다. 본 논문의 핵심은 세 부분으로 구분 할 수 있다. 첫째, 환경 변화에 강인한 배경 제거 기법, 둘째, 학습을 이용한 블록 기반 계수 결정 방법, 마지막으로 4 채널에서 실시간으로 처리가 가능한 시스템 구현이다. 환경 변화에 강인한 배경 제거 기법으로 MOG(mixture of gaussian) 방법을 적용하였으며, 블록 기반 계수 결정 방법은 영상을 $6{\times}12$개의 영역으로 구분하고, 학습 영상을 이용하여 각각의 블록에서 물체의 크기에 대한 평균과 분산을 계산하고 이를 저장하여 계수에 적용하는 방법을 제안하였으며, 마지막으로 4 채널에서 실시간으로 처리 하기 위하여 추출된 물체 각각을 구분하여 추적하는 것이 아니라 물체가 이동 중에 발생할 수 있는 여러 상황 즉 결합이나 분리되는 현상을 분석하여 계수 판단에 적용하였다. 제안된 방법을 이용하여 에스컬레이터, 복도 그리고 출입문등과 같이 조명환경과 그림자 상황 등이 변하는 환경에서 의 계수 정확도는 $90{\sim}94%$, 채널 당 처리 속도는 15 frames/sec 이상의 성능을 보였다. In this paper, we propose a block-based real-time people counting system that can be used in various environments including showing mall entrances, elevators and escalators. The main contributions of this paper are robust background subtraction, the block-based decision method and real-time processing. For robust background subtraction obtained from a number of image sequences, we used a mixture of K Gaussian. The block-based decision method was used to determine the size of the given objects (moving people) in each block. We divided the images into $6{\times}12$ blocks and trained the mean and variance values of the specific objects in each block. This was done in order to provide real-time processing for up to 4 channels. Finally, we analyzed various actions that can occur with moving people in real world environments.

수천(水喘) 및 화천(火喘)과 심장성(心臟性) 천식(喘息)에 관(關)한 동서의학적(東西醫學的) 문헌(文獻) 고찰(考察) -(원인(原因).증상(症狀) 중심(中心)으로)-

김영태,이형구,정승기,Kim, Yung-Tae,Lee, Hyung-Gu,Jung, Sung-Gi 대한한방내과학회 1990 大韓韓方內科學會誌 Vol.11 No.1

The results are as follows through the investigation of literature. 1. The cause of shortness of breath due to fluid retention is abnormal rising of water-evil and it srepregentative symptom are as follows'Cough or dyspnea, shortness of breath-sleeplessness, rapid respiration accused by having rest, edemd on the body and leg' 2. Dyspnea caused by fire-evil is It repregentative symptom are 'getting better or getting worse, reducing by eating rapid respiration accused by eating If having rest the ditalenergy (gui) is made a peace At moving, the vital energy is abrupt or irregalar and acused rapid respiration' 3. From the point of view, the rapid respiration accused by heart usually bring about imperfect left heart Its repregentetive symptom are cyspnea, acute dyspnea at night, bronchial wheezing edema on the leg, and the thing which bring about at moving is mildcase but what bring about at rest is severe case 4. We have known that the symptom of shortness of breath due to fluid retention are similiar to cardiac rapid respiration, and the symptom of dyspnea acused by fire-evil alike 'dyspnea at moving' acused at mild case of cardiac rapid respiration.'

광학적 인자에 따른 목재의 해부학적 특징 자동검출 시스템 성능 평가

이지영 ( Jiyoung Lee ),이형구 ( Hyung Gu Lee ),권오경 ( Ohkyung Kwon ) 한국목재공학회 2022 한국목재공학회 학술발표논문집 Vol.2022 No.1

목재 수종 식별의 요구가 늘면서 인공지능을 이용한 목재 수종 자동식별 시스템의 개발과 적용이 활발해지고 있다. 일반적인 목재 수종 자동식별 시스템은 입력된 이미지 분류 방식으로 수종을 판별한다. 이러한 방식으로는 훈련에 이용된 제한적인 수종에 대해서만 수종식별이 가능하다. 이미지 분류 방식을 이용한 식별은 어떤 해부학적인 특징을 근거로 수종식별 결과가 나왔는지 알기가 매우 어렵다. 뿐만 아니라, 목재의 횡단면에서 획득한 이미지만을 이용하고 있기 때문에 식별의 정확도를 향상시키기 어렵다. 따라서, 이러한 이미지 분류 방식의 목재 수종 자동식별의 한계점을 극복하기 위해서 목재의 현미경적인 특징을 자동으로 검출하여 식별하는 방법을 적용할 필요가 있다. 목재의 현미경적인 특징의 자동검출을 위해서는 현미경을 이용하여 획득한 이미지 상에 해부학적인 특징 부분을 annotation하고 이를 훈련에 사용한다. 하지만, 훈련용 이미지의 품질과 실제로 목재 수종 자동식별에 사용하는 이미지의 품질 사이에는 차이가 클 가능성이 있다. 목재 수종 자동식별 시스템이 현장에서 정확하고 안정적인 식별 결과를 도출하기 위해서는 다양한 광학인자와 카메라의 조합에 의해 생성되는 다양한 품질의 이미지에 대한 식별 성능 평가가 반드시 필요하다. 이미지의 품질은 이미지 획득에 사용되는 광학현미경의 광학 소자와 디지털 카메라의 성능에 의해 결정된다. 특히 대물렌즈의 분해능과 디지털 카메라의 화소수는 최종적으로 획득되는 이미지의 품질에 가장 큰 영향을 미친다. 본 연구에서는 다양한 대물렌즈-카메라 조합에서 획득된 이미지를 대상으로 자동검출 모델을 이용하여 목재의 해부학적 특징을 검출하고, 검출된 특징들의 정확도를 검사하여 이미지 품질에 따른 자동검출 모델의 성능을 평가하였다.

2-Piperidylglycine의 합성에 관한 연구

정규현,왕규정,이형구,Kyoo-hyun Chung,Kyu Jeung Wang,Hyung Gu Lee 대한화학회 1992 대한화학회지 Vol.36 No.4

2-Piperidylglycine은 항종양제 593A의 합성을 위한 모델이 될 수 있다. 2-Piperidylglycine은 piperidine의 C-2 위치에 glycine 동등체를 도입하여 합성할 수 있다. ${\delta}$-Valerolactam에 trimethyl oxonium tetrafluoroborate를 가하여 2-methoxy-1-piperideine을 합성하였다. 이 imino ether는 glycine 동등체인 ethyl phthalimidoacetate와 반응하지 않았으나 ethyl nitroacetate와는 축합하여 ethyl nitro-2-piperidylene acetate를 주었다. 이를 Pt/C 촉매하의 수소첨가로 ethyl 2-piperidyl glycinate을 얻을 수 있었는데 축합물인 ethyl nitro-2-piperidylene의 이중결합이 Z-configuration을 가져 ethyl 2-piperidyl glycinate는 항종양제 593A와 다른 입체화학을 가지게 된다. 2-Piperidylglycine will be a model compound for the synthesis of antitumor agent 593A. 2-Piperidylglycine may be synthesized by alkylation of glycine equivalent to C-2 position of piperidine ring. ${\delta}$-Valerolactam was reacted with trimethyl oxonium tetrafluoroborate to give 2-methoxy-1-piperideine. The imino ether was not condensed with ethyl phthalimidoacetate, one of glycine equivalents, but with ethyl nitroacetate to afford ethyl nitro-2-piperidylene acetate. The subsequent hydrogenation over Pt/C gave ethyl 2-piperidyl glycinate. Because the Z-configuration of the condensed product was assigned by nmr, the stereochemistry of ethyl 2-piperidyl glycinate different from that of Agent 593A.

객체분획 기술을 이용한 정략적 목재해부학: 굴참나무 관공과 타일로시스의 검출과 분획

이지영 ( Jiyoung Lee ),이형구 ( Hyung Gu Lee ),권오경 ( Ohkyung Kwon ) 한국목재공학회 2020 한국목재공학회 학술발표논문집 Vol.2020 No.1

Quantitative wood anatomy (QWA) is a field of wood anatomy that characterizes the variability of xylem anatomical features in trees, shrubs, and herbaceous species. QWA analyzes functions, growth, and environment related to wood anatomical features by measuring their dimensions, numbers, and distribution. However, there has been difficulties to produce large data sets of xylem anatomical data. Although image acquisition and analysis techniques have been improved in their performance and easy-of-use functions, methods of quantification of the anatomical features are still not feasible to produce large amount of data, which is a basis of statistical representativeness. In this presentation, we explored capability of an instance segmentation technique as a promising quantification method to obtain massive amount of data. To elucidate merits of the instance segmentation technique over threshold-based image analysis, both methods were applied for detecting and segmenting pores and tyloses in microscopic images of Quercus aliena Bl. Threshold-based image segmentation and analysis is ready to use for separating pore-like objects in an image, but not capable of distinguishing anatomical features such as pore and tylosis without further analysis. Also, requirement of manual parameter optimization makes automatic segmentation and measurement difficult for large number of images. On the other hand, the instance segmentation technique requires elaborate preparation of training datasets and optimization to detect and segment most of pores and tyloses, but, after optimization, the trained model is versatile for detection and segmentation of the anatomical features. In addition, the technique is robust against various illumination and sample conditions. Utilizing the instance segmentation technique, we can automate collection of quantitative data from massive microscopic images of anatomical features of wood. Therefore, the instance segmentation technique can be a powerful tool for quantitative wood anatomy. - 44

폐(肺)와 피부(皮膚)의 관계(關係)에 대(對)한 문헌적(文獻的) 고찰(考察)

이한구,정승기,이형구,Lee, Han-Gu,Jung, Sung-Gi,Lee, Hyung-Koo 대한한방내과학회 1990 大韓韓方內科學會誌 Vol.11 No.1

The skin is related the lung as follows ; 1. The lung control skin and give a nutrition to skin. The skin and hair 'hab' (合) the lung. 2. As a damage of lung is a damage of skin, skin and hair 'chi-lag' (聚落) 3. A defensive energy of lung give a nutrition to skin, and strengthen the body surface. 4. Dryness damage the lung, and so damage the skin. According to the above findings, we know the body surface are closely related to the lung functionally.

반사현미경법을 이용한 목재의 현미경적 특징 관찰

이지영 ( Jiyoung Lee ),이형구 ( Hyung Gu Lee ),권오경 ( Ohkyung Kwon ) 한국목재공학회 2021 한국목재공학회 학술발표논문집 Vol.2021 No.2

Wood identification is a crucial step to verify claims of legality of wood and wood derived products for compliance with the designated laws. For accurate identification of wood species transmitted light microscopy has been used utilizing permanent slides of thin sections of the three major planes of wood. However, production of permanent slides is time-consuming, and it makes wood identification slow. We need to increase speed of wood identification when there are many wood identification due to a large amount of trade of wood and wood derived products. Epi-illumination microscopy can be a solution for the slow identification caused by the production of permanent slides. The permanent slides are not required for epi-illumination light microscopy (e.g., reflected and fluorescence light microscopy). We only need to prepare a clean and smooth surface that requires much less time. However, the epi-illumination microscopy needs to have sufficient magnification and resolution ensuring recognition of microscopic features of wood. For wood identification, the epi-illumination light microscopy provides sufficient resolution for observation of small anatomical structures of wood such as intervessel pits less than 4 μm and nodular end wall between ray parenchyma. In this study, we utilize reflected and fluorescence light microscopy for investigation of anatomical features from surfaces of woods to demonstrate capability of the epi-illumination microscopy. We present various anatomical structures of wood acquired by reflected and fluorescence light microscopy.

표면이미징 기법을 이용한 목재의 해부학적 구조 관찰

이지영 ( Jiyoung Lee ),이형구 ( Hyung Gu Lee ),권오경 ( Ohkyung Kwon ) 한국목재공학회 2022 한국목재공학회 학술발표논문집 Vol.2022 No.2

Observation of the microscopic features has exploited transmitted light microscopy with microscopic slides containing thin sections from the major planes - cross, radial, and tangential planes. However, surface imaging techniques such as stereo, reflection, and fluorescence light microscopy can be an alternative to the transmitted light microscopy. The surface imaging techniques should have sufficient resolution and contrast to distinguish the microscopic anatomical features on the surfaces of wood blocks. In this study, we investigated several anatomical features of wood by utilizing stereo microscopy (STEREO), brightfield reflected light microscopy with a polarizer (RLBF), and fluorescence light microscopy (FLUO). These microscopies were evaluated their performances in terms of resolution and contrast by observing the shape and arrangement of minute anatomical features such as intervessel and vessel-ray pits.

자동차 정비업체 도장공정의 작업환경 및 근로자 노출 실태에 관한 연구

심상효,정춘화,임진숙,이형구,김윤신,Sim, Sang-Hyo,Jeoung, Chun-Hwa,Lim, Jin-Suk,Lee, Hyung-Gu,Kim, Yoon-Shin 한국환경보건학회 2009 한국환경보건학회지 Vol.35 No.3

The purpose of this paper is to evaluate 1) blood lead levels of workers at auto repair shops as Biological Exposure Indices (BEI) of toxic substances such as lead and toluene that are produced during automotive painting process, 2) the differences depending on personal characteristics of workers who have been exposed to toluene by using urine hippuric acid concentration as a marker and 3) the correlation between the concentration of hazardous chemicals in each workplace and the BEL. All subjects were male with a mean age of 36.2 years. In terms of age, most were in the 30 to 40 age group (13 persons, 48.1%). In relation to the length of work experience, the highest proportion had experience of 10 years of less (18 persons, 66.7%). Twenty three workers were cigarette smokers (85.2%) while 4 (14.8%) were non-smokers. In addition, more than 80% of the workers drank alcohol. Dust concentration and toluene exposure during automotive painting showed no significant difference with age, length of work experience, smoking and drinking while a significant difference (p<0.05) has been detected between lead concentration and smoking. The geometric mean of dust concentration, lead concentration and toluene concentration were $0.38mg/m^3,\;0.0021mg/m^3$ and 1.08ppm respectively. In addition, the geometric mean of blood lead levels and urine hippuric acid concentration were $1.70{\mu}g/dl$ and 0.25g/g respectively, which were lower than the standard levels suggested by the Ministry of Labor. To determine the influential factors on blood lead and urine hippuric acid concentrations, a correlation analysis has been conducted with variables of air, lead and toluene concentrations, age, length of work experience and amount of cigarette smoking. According to the analysis, a relatively high correlation (p<0.01) has been observed between air lead concentration and biological sample concentration.

고항산화능 소재 선발을 바탕으로 한 산수유와 황금을 이용한 약주 개발

이승주(Seung-Joo Lee),김은혜(Eun-Hye Kim),이형구(Hyung-Gu Lee) 한국식품과학회 2008 한국식품과학회지 Vol.40 No.1

약주 개발을 위한 기능성 소재의 선발을 위해서 총 27종의 약초를 선별하여 45% 에탄올, 15% 에탄올, 물로 각각 추출하여 그 원액과 4단계의 농도에 대하여, DPPH radical scavenging activity를 측정하여 항산화능이 전반적으로 우수하게 나타난 산수유와 황금이 약주 개발을 위한 주요 부재료로 선정되었다. 산수유를 주요 약재로 하는 약주의 개발은 과일향이 강하고 로제와인과 같은 붉은 색상을 내는 제품으로 개발하였고 황금을 사용하는 경우는 고 항산화능의 기능성 약주 컨셉에 맞게 한약재 향이 적당하고 일반적인 약주의 색상인 노란빛을 띠는 제품으로 개발되었다. 각각의 제품의 특성을 보강하기 위해 자초, 황정, 진피가 부재재로 첨가되었다. 개발 제품의 항산화능 분석 결과 시판 제품에 비해 황금주의 항산화능이 가장 높은 것으로 나타났고 산수유주는 기존 제품 중 가장 높은 항산화능을 보인 제품과 같은 수준으로 나타났다. 2종의 개발 제품에 대한 기호도 조사 결과 황금주의 경우 신맛과 한약재맛의 보강이 필요한 것으로 나타났고 산수유주의 경우 산수유의 첨가량 조절을 통한 과일향 증가가 필요한 것으로 나타났다. 향후 최종 제품 출시를 위해 기호도 조사결과를 바탕으로 최종 배합비를 조정하고 기존 시판 제품과의 비교 기호도 조사를 실시할 예정이며 개발된 제조기술은 현지의 기술 지도를 통하여 제품의 산업화 및 상품화에 기여하고자 한다. In this study, the antioxidant activities of 27 medicinal herbs and plants were measured. The dried medicinal herbs and plants were pulverized and extracted by water, 15% ethanol, and 45% ethanol, respectively at above 80℃ for 90 minutes. The original and diluted extracts were tested for their antioxidant activities by 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) free radical-scavenging activity assay. Cornus officinalis (C) and Scutellaria baicalensis (S) were selected to develop rice wines with higher antioxidant activities, based on the result of the 45% ethanol extraction. The rice wine developed using sample showed the highest antioxidant activity as comparing to those of other commercial rice wines. The rice wine samples were analyzed for titratable acidity, pH, ˚Brix, reducing sugar content, color (L, a, b), amino-acidity, and ultraviolet absorption. The preferences for color, aroma, and overall acceptability were determined using a 9-point hedonic scale by 150 consumers. The sweetness, sourness, fruitiness, color, and medicinal herb-taste levels of the developed rice wines were also evaluated, using a 9-point just-about-right scale. The mean overall acceptability score of c (5.54) was higher than that of sample S. Based on the results, the sourness and medicinal herb-taste levels of sample s should be modified to higher levels, and the fruitiness of sample S also needs to be adjusted. For a future study, the final compositions of the developed rice wines will be adjusted for product launching based on the preference test data acquired in this study.