관상동맥질환자에서의 운동의 효과

이혁종 대한운동학회 2000 아시아 운동학 학술지 Vol.- No.5

운동이 비만 여성의 심근산소소비량과 심전도 QTc 간격에 미치는 영향

이혁종,박윤정,김용권,한구석,진영수 대한스포츠의학회 1999 대한스포츠의학회지 Vol.17 No.1

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of exercise staining on MVO_2 and electrocardiogram QTc interval in obese woman and to propose the desirable method for weight loss. Subjects were fifteen obese women for this study. 8 subjects were prolonged QTc interval group and 7 subjects were normal QTc interval. They participated in exercise program consisted of aerobic exercise and weight training exercise at A Medical Center. The body composition including Boyd Weight, BMI, WHR and % Body Fat was measured. The resting and exercise(Bruce protocol 7th min) rate-pressure product(RPP) could be measured with HR and systolic BP for MVO_2 measurement. The electrocardiogram QTc interval was calculated with Bazzett's formula using automated software program. The measured data of this study were as follows: 1) After participating the exercise program consisted of aerobic exercise and weight training exercise, Body Weight, BMI, WHR and % Body Fat were significantly changed in two groups. (p<.05). 2. After participating in the exercise program consisted of aerobic exercise and weight training exercise, the resting and exercise MVO_2 using RPP were significantly changed in two groups(p<.05). 3) After participating in the exercise program consisted of aerobic exercise and weight training exercise, the electrocardiogram QTc interval were decreased but were not significantly changed in prolonged QTc interval group. (p<.29). However, it was significantly decreased in prolonged QTc interval(p<.00).

지방내 crown-like-structure 대식세포의 새로운 표식인자로써 LYVE-1의 역할

이혁종 한국운동생리학회(구 한국운동과학회) 2013 운동과학 Vol.22 No.3

지구성 운동은 비만환자의 지방내 염증발현을 감소시키고 인슐린 민감성을 향상시킨다. 그러나 지구성 운동이 염증발현에 직접적으로 관여하는 지방내 대식세포의 기능에 미치는 영향에 관해서는 알려진 바가 없다. 대식세포의 기능을 알아내기 위해서는 비만군의 지방내 M2 대식세포로 알려진 레지던트 대식세포(resident macrophage)와 염증을 일으키는 M1 대식세포로 알려진 CLS 대식세포(Crown like structure macrophage)를 구분하여 분리한 후 실험관 실험을 수행하여야 하지만, 이 두 대식세포를 분리할 수 있는 표식인자의 부재로 효율적인 연구가 불가능한 실정이다. 따라서 본 연구는 CLS 대식세포를 찾아낼 수 있는 새로운 표식인자를 제시하여 향후 지구성 운동이 비만군 지방내 대식세포에 미치는 영향을 규명하는데 필요한 기초자료를 제시하는데 그 목적이 있다. 12주간 저지방 식이(통제군) 또는 고지방 식이(비만군)를 처치한 마우스의 지방으로 부터 real time PCR, 형광 염색 및 flow cytometry를 이용하여 지방내 염증 발현, 혈관의 활성화, 대식세포 및 CLS 수를 분석하고, CLS 대식세포에서 특이적으로 발현하는 표식인자를 찾기 위하여 LYVE-1을 이용한 형광염색을 시행하였다. 통제군에 비해 비만군의 지방에서 TNF-α(p<.001), IL-1b(p<.01)그리고 Cox-2(p<.05)의 mRNA 발현이 유의하게 증가하였고, 단핵세포의 조직내 침투를 돕는 혈관의 ICAM-1(p<.01)과 VCAM-1(p<.001) 발현이 유의하게 증가하였다. 비만군의 지방내 대식세포의 수 및 CLS 수가 증가하였다. 한편 CLS 대식세포의 표식인자로 알려진 MGL1은 레지던트 대식세포 및 CLS 대식세포 모두에서 발현되었으나 LYVE-1은 통제군과 비만군의 레지던트 대식세포에서만 발현되었고, 비만군의 CLS 대식세포에서는 발현되지 않았다. 본 연구에서는 새로운 표식인자인 F4/80+CD11c+LYVE-1-로써 CLS 대식세포를 재정의(redefine) 하였고, 이는 향후 지방내 대식세포의 역할을 밝히는데 있어서 뿐만 아니라 지구성 운동이 비만환자의 지방내 레지던트 및 CLS 대식세포에 미치는 영향을 규명하는데 있어 활용할 수 있는 중요한 표식인자가 될 것으로 사료된다. Although exercise training improves adipose tissue associated inflammation and systemic insulin resistance in obese patients, the underlying mechanisms how exercise effects on macrophage functions in obese adipose tissue have not been evaluated yet. The main reason for this is the absence of specific marker for isolating two different macrophages, resident macrophage(RM) and crown-like-structure macrophage(CLSM), from obese adipose tissue. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to identify a new phenotypic marker for the selection of RM and CLSM and to provide useful method for studying the effects of exercise training on adiopose tissue macrophage. Pro-inflammatory cytokine expression, blood vessel activation, and ATM recruitment were analyzed in the adipose tissues from the mice fed low(control) or high fat diet(obesity) for 12 weeks. Also novel marker for detection of CLSM was evaluated with LYVE-1 staining in this study. TNF-α(p<.001), IL-1b(p<.01) and Cox-2(p<.05) were upregulated in obese adipose tissue. ICAM-1(p<.01) and VCAM-1(p<.001), which were known to play a role in recruiting leukocyte into adipose tissue, were highly expressed on adipose tissue blood vessel in obese group and more RM and CLSM were accumulated in obese adipose tissue. To identify a new marker for the detection of CLSM, MGL1 and LYVE-1, which were M2 markers, were evaluated. The expression of MGL1, which has been known not to be expressed on CLSM, was found on CLSM. It indicates that MGL1 is not an ideal marker for selection of CLSM. Instead, LYVE-1 was expressed on RM in lean and obese adipose tissue RM, but not in CLSM. Therefore, CLSM is redefined as F4/80+CD11c+LYVE-1-. This new novel marker would be useful for isolating and characterizing CLSM as well as for interrogating the effects of endurance exercise on adipose tissue macrophage in obese patients.

바이오시밀러 산업의 국가 경쟁력 확보를 위한 바이넥스의 역할

이혁종 한국생물공학회 2015 BT NEWS Vol.22 No.1

임상간호사의 스트레스 종류와 대처방법에 관한 연구

이혁종,배수경 고려대학교 대학원 통계학과 1998 통계상담 Vol.13 No.1

The Size and Shape Selectivity for Diamines by a Tetrahydroxycavitand

이혁종,백경수,Lee, Hyeok Jong,Baek, Gyeong Su Korean Chemical Society 2000 Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society Vol.21 No.5

Molecular Engineering (TEX)$6.^1$(/TEX) The Engancement of Binding Ability and Selectivity of a Cavitand by Solubilizing in Basic Water

이혁종,백경수,Lee, Hyeok Jong,Baek, Gyeong Su Korean Chemical Society 2000 Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society Vol.21 No.7

Alteration of Angiogenic Gene Expression in Heart, Muscle and Adipose Tissue by Exercise

이혁종 한국운동생리학회 2018 운동과학 Vol.27 No.1

PURPOSE: Exercise is one of the strongest stimuli for the induction of angiogenesis that is defined as a formation of new blood vessel. However, underlying mechanism of exercise-induced angiogenesis is not fully uncovered. Therefore, we reviewed the effect of exercise on angiogenic factors such as vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), angiopoietin (ANG) and platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF) in heart, skeletal muscle and adipose tissue. METHODS: In this review, we summarized the function of angiogenic factors and their roles in heart, skeletal muscle and adipose tissue. Also we discussed the alteration of angiogenic gene expression after exercise in three organs mentioned above. RESULTS: Angiogenic regulators play a critical role in cardiac development, skeletal muscle regeneration and adipose tissue metabolism. Exercise-induced angiogenic factors contributes to the enhancement of vascular remodeling, mobilization of endothelial precursor cell and systemic metabolism. In terms of VEGF, its induction after exercise is regulated mainly by HIF-α and PGC1-α, transcriptional factors of VEGF, whereas the mechanism of exercise-induced ANG and PDGF-B expression is not clear yet. CONCLUSIONS: Acute exercise, resistance exercise and endurance training increase VEGF, ANG1, ANG2 and PDGF-B expression. Thereby, exercise eventually prevents diseases including cardiovascular impairment, muscle atrophy and metabolic syndrome by increasing or maintaining blood vessel density in heart, skeletal muscle and adipose tissue.

12주간의 고지방 식이가 지방내 혈관 함량에 미치는 영향

이혁종 한국운동생리학회(구 한국운동과학회) 2013 운동과학 Vol.22 No.2

지방내 혈관을 감소시킨 마우스는 비만 환자의 지방에서 흔히 관찰되는 허혈(ischemia)의 증가, 대식세포의 유입 증가, 지방내 염증성 싸이토카인의 발현 및 인슐린 저항성의 증가를 동반하는 것으로 알려져 있다. 그러나 비만이 지방내 혈관 함량에 직접적인 영향을 미치는지에 대한 연구결과는 보고된 바가 없다. 이에 본 연구는 저지방 또는 고지방 식이를 섭취한 마우스의 지방내 혈관 함량을 비교하고, 지구성 운동이 비만군의 지방내 혈관 함량을 조절하는지에 대한 연구의 타당성 검증을 위한 기초자료를 제공하기 위하여 수행되었다. 지방의 성장이 혈관 형성을 동반하는지 확인하기 위해 생후 1일, 2주일, 3주일 그리고 4주일된 마우스의 지방 전체의 혈관을 염색하여 분석하였다. 12주간의 저지방 식이(통제군) 또는 고지방 식이(비만군)를 섭취한 마우스를 대상으로 지방내 혈관의 함량을 알아보기 위해, 혈관에 특이적으로 부착하는 lectin에 형광물질을 결합시켜 혈관 주입한 후 형광물질의 농도를 분석하였고, 재확인을 위해 혈관에서 특이적으로 발현하는 단백질 중 하나인 VE-cadherin의 발현량을 비교하였다. 지방내 혈관의 신생은 생후 1일부터 활발히 진행되어 생후 4주에는 모든 혈관이 일정한 굵기를 가지고 지방 전체에 분포됨을 확인하였다. 12 주간의 식이 처치 후통제군과 비만군에서 혈관의 형태적 차이는 발견하지 못했으나, 비만군의 지방내의 주입된 lectin의 농도가 유의하게 감소하였으며(p<.05), VE-cadherin의 발현량 역시 유의하게 감소하였다(p<.01). 비만군의 지방내 혈관 함량감소의 기전을 밝히기 위해 혈관 신생에 관여하는 유전자인 VEGF와 angiopoietin의 mRNA의 발현을 비교한 결과, VEGF의 mRNA 발현량은 약 61 % 감소하였으나(p<.01), angiopoietin의 mRNA 발현량은 약 70 % 증가하였다(p<.001). 이와 같은 결과는 비만이 지방내 혈관의 함량을 감소시킨다는 것을 의미하며, 이는 VEGF의 mRNA 발현량의 감소에 의해 기인한 것으로 사료된다. 이 결과는 향후 지구성 운동과 지방내 혈관의 함량관계를 연구하기 위한 기초자료로서 중요한 의미를 갖는다. Adipose tissue specific ablation of VEGF induces less vasculature in mouse epididymal fat(Epi. fat) and deteriorates inflammation and insulin resistance under high fat diet condition. But it has not been evaluated whether obesity itself directly regulates blood vessel content in adipose tissue yet. The purposes of this study are to identify blood vessel content between lean and obese Epi. fat and to provide a justification for the study about exercise training effect on fat vasculature in the future. For the analysis of vascular pattern in adipose tissue, Epi. fats of 1 day, 2 weeks, 3 weeks and 4 weeks of age were observed under confocal microscope after staining with PECAM-1. With near infrared fluorescence conjugated lectin and VE-cadherin antibody, blood vessel content was evaluated in Epi fat from the mice fed low (control) or high fat (obesity) diet for 12 weeks. Also mRNA expression of VEGF and angiopoietin were analyzed. At the postnatal one day, the filopodia, which indicated angiogenic process, was found in Epi. fat and strong angiogenic process was going on up to 3 weeks of age. Then the vessels had uniformed size and structure at 4 weeks of age. The lectin fluorescence concentration was significantly decreased in obese Epi. fat (p<.05). Also VE-cadherin p rotein expression was s ignificantly less in obese Epi. fat (p<.01). In parallel with less blood vessel content, VEGF mRNA expression in obese Epi. fat was significantly down-regulated (p<.01), but angiopoietin was up-regulated (p<.001). Correctively, these findings suggest that the obese Epi. fat has less blood vessel content by down regulation of VEGF mRNA. These results will be useful information for interrogating the effect of exercise on obese fat blood vessel content in the future.

트레이닝이 관상동맥질환자의 운동능력 및 Double Product Break Point 의 변화에 미치는 영향

이혁종 대한스포츠의학회 2000 대한스포츠의학회지 Vol.18 No.1

The double product(DP) is useful index of myocardial oxygen consumptiom during exercise. It is reported that DP response is accelerated above the blood lactate threshold. So it was assumed that ventilatory threshold and double product break point(DPBP) would be delayed by exercise training. The purpose of this study is to testify the relation of ventilatory threshold and double product break point(DPBP) and to examine exercise effects on doble product at the point of double product break point. We studies 20 patients with CAD. After successful PTCA or STENT, they were devided into two groups, exercise group and control. Exercise program of exercise group consisted of 5∼10 minutes war-up. 20∼30 minutes aerobic exercise. 5∼10 minutes cool-down. The intensity of exercise is 40∼65% peak VO_2 and the frequency was 3∼4days/week bidaily. Compared baseline exercise duration(959.0±224.5 vs 1182.7±130.8 sec, P<.05). peak, V˙O_2(25.3±5.5 vs 29.8±4.7ml/kg/min. P<.05) and at DPEP(16.6±2.9 vs 18.6±3.3ml/kg/min, P<.05) significantly. The V˙O_2 at ventilatory threshold and DPBP had no difference in both groups at baseline and 3moth later. The DP at DPBP was somewhat increased after 3 month in both groups(0.2% in control, 10% in exercise group), but there was no significance. In conclusion, it was testified that ventilatory threshold and DPBP has consistency in coronary artery disease pateints because V˙O_2 at ventilatory threshold and DPBP had no difference. Though exercise have no effects on DP at DPBP in this study, the possibility of the increase of DP at DPBP was founded.