아연백법 및 공침공정을 이용한 복합 중금속

이종철(Jong Cheul Lee),이영만(Young Man Lee),강익중(Ik Joong Kang) 大韓環境工學會 2008 대한환경공학회지 Vol.30 No.5

아연백법 및 공침공정을 이용한 복합 중금속-시안착염 폐수의 현장처리(1)

이종철(Jong Cheul Lee),강익중(Ik Joong Kang) 大韓環境工學會 2007 대한환경공학회지 Vol.29 No.12

중금속 폐수는 다양한 유독성 화합물과 함께 배출되므로 상수원, 토양, 지하수 등의 환경에 악영향을 야기 시킬 수 있다. 이러한 고농도의 복합중금속과 시안착염을 포함한 도금폐수 처리 시 일반적으로 잘 알려진 알카리염소법에 의한(1st Oxidation: pH 10, reaction time 30 min, ORP 350 mV, 2nd Oxidation: ORP 650 mV) 시안의 잔류농도에 대한 제거효율은 유입수의 시안농도 374 mg/L에 비해 처리 후 잔류시안농도는 3.74 mg/L로써 그 제거효율이 99%로써 상당히 높았으나 수질환경보전법상 수질배출허용기준(나 지역) 1 mg/L 이하에 만족하기 위해서는 2차, 3차 등의 고도처리가 요구됨을 알 수 있었고, 이에 아연백법 및 공침처리공정(reaction time: 30 min, pH: 8.0, rpm: 240)을 적용하여 용해되어 잔류하는 시안착염을 불용성염으로 침전시켜 처리한 결과 잔류시안농도가 1.0 mg/L 이하의 만족할 만한 결과를 있었다. 크롬의 처리는 6가 크롬을 3가 크롬으로 환원(pH: 2.0 max, ORP: 250 mV)시킨 후, 수산화물로 처리(pH: 9.5)시 무난히 99%의 최대 제거효율을 얻을 수 있었다. 폐수 중 나머지 동(Cu)과 니켈(Ni)처리는 황화물 응집침전법을 적용한 결과 최적 pH는 9.0~10.0에서 NA₂S의 최적주입량이 Cu의 경우 0.5 mol에서 99.1%, Ni의 경우 3.0 mol에서 99.0% 이상 제거할 수 있었다. 즉 중금속 복합폐수 중 시안착염은 알카리 염소산화처리법만으로는 수질환경보전법의 규제치 이하로 처리가 불가능 하였고 아연백법 및 공침공정을 같이 적용한 결과 규제치 이하로 처리가 가능하다는 것을 현장 확인할 수 있었다. Wastewater discharged by industrial activities of metal finishing and electroplating units is often contaminated by a variety of toxic or otherwise harmful substances which have a negative effects on the water environment. The treatment method of heavy metal-cyanide complexes wastewater by alkaline chlorination have already well-known(1st Oxidation: pH 10, reaction time 30 min, ORP 350 mV, 2nd Oxidation: ORP 650 mV). In this case, the efficiency for the removal of ferro/ferri cyanide by this general alkaline chlorination is very high as 99%. But the permissible limit of Korean waste-water discharge couldn`t be satisfied. The initial concentration of cyanide was 374 mg/L(the Korean permissible limit of cyanide is 1.0 mg/L max.). So a particular focus was given to the treatment of heavy metal-cyanide complexes wastewater by Zn+2/Fe+2 ion and coprecipitation after alkaline chlorination. And we could meet the Korean permissible limit of cyanide(the final concentration of cyanide: 0.30 mg/L) by Zn+2/Fe+2 ion and coprecipitation(reaction time: 30 min, pH: 8.0, rpm: 240). The removal of Chromium ion by reduction(pH: 2.0 max, ORP: 250 mV) and the precipitation of metal hydroxide(pH: 9.5) is treated as 99% of removal efficiency. The removal of Copper and Nickel ion has been treated by NA₂S coagulation-flocculation as 99% min of the efficiency(pH: 9.09~10.0, dosage of NA₂S: 0.5~3.0 mol). It is important to note that the removal of ferro/ferri cyanide of heavy metal-cyanide complexes wastewater should be employed by Zn+2/Fe+2 ion and coprecipitation as well as the alkaline chlorination for the Korean permissible limit of waste-water discharge.

한국인 성인 급성 A형 간염의 임상 양상

이상구 ( Sang goo Lee ),이준혁 ( Joon Hyoek Lee ),백승운 ( Seung Woon Paik ),고광철 ( Kwang Cheul Koh ),최문석 ( Moon seok Choi ),이풍렬 ( Poong Lyul Rhee ),김재준 ( Jae Jun Kim ),이종철 ( Jong Chul Rhee ),최규완 ( Kyoo Wan Cho 대한내과학회 1999 대한내과학회지 Vol.56 No.6

Objective : This study was aimed to characterize the clinical features and course of acute hepatitis A in Korean adults. Methods : One-hundred and thirteen cases of acute hepatitis A, diagnosed between Jan. 1995 to July 1998 at 6 medical centers in Korea, were reviewed retrospectively. The clinical course of 94 cases with follow-up duration longer than 3 months were analyzed. Results : The median age was 26 (16-65) years and 97.3% of the patients were under 40 years. The presumed sources of infection were identifed in 62 cases (54.9%). Among those, the leading source was ingestion of raw food. All patients showed normalization of bilirubin level within 8 weeks. The ALT levels normalized within 8 weeks in all patients except three patients (3.2%). Three patients with prolonged elevation of ALT showed second rise of ALT, suggesting a possibility of relapsing hepatitis. Prolonged fever (>38℃) more than 10 days was observed in 3 patients (3.2%). One case showed prolonged elevation of alkaline phosphatase (> x3 upper normal limit). No case of fulminant hepatic failure or death was observed. Conclusion : The majority of cases with acute hepatitis A in Korean adults showed self-limited course with full recovery.

조기위암으로 오인된 침윤성 진행성위암 1예

이화영,김재준,백승운,이풍렬,이종철,오영륜,고광철 대한소화기내시경학회 1997 Clinical Endoscopy Vol.17 No.2

Advanced gastric cancer simulating early gastric cancer is increasing tendcncy due to development of diagnostic technology. A 64-year-old woman was admitted for epigastric discomfort. Endoscopy showed a small white mucus coated erosion and peripheral mucosal nodurarity on greater curvature side of antrum. Biopsy was resulted in adenocarcinoma. An upper GI series and abdominal sonography were normal. At surgery, advanced gastric carcinoma, Borrmann localized type IV in background of early gastric carcinoma, prepyloric antrum along the greater curvature with infiltration to the muscle layer and multiple lymphatic tumor emboli in serosa and perigastric adipose tissue and neural invasion and metastasis to 12 out of 28 perigastric lymph nodes with extranodal extension. 3 months later, distant metastasis such as cervical lymph node, pleural effusion, pericardial effusion, peritoneal seeding and ascites were noticed.

위 MALT 림프종의 내시경 소견

이화영,김재준,백승운,이풍렬,이종철,고광철,고재향 대한소화기내시경학회 1997 Clinical Endoscopy Vol.17 No.2

Backgroud/Aims: Helicobacter pylori is found in more than 90% of patients with gastric mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue (MALT) lymphoma. Regression of lymphoma after H. pylori eradication was reported. Therefore, early detection of gastric MALT lymphoma is important. On reported several endoscopic findings, nonspecific gastritis with erosion and ulceration were common and there is no typical endoscopic findings. Methods: Therefore we analyzed the endoscopic findings of 16 low-grade B-cell gastric MALT lymphoma confirmed by biopsy, PCR and immunostain and compared histologic change after eradicating H. pylori infection in patients who refused operation retrospectively from March 1995 to October 1996. Results: The male: female ratio was 7:9 and mean age was 43,7 years ald (23-71 yr), On endoscopic findings of gastric MALT lymphoma, irregular shaped geographic superficial ulcer was 7 cases (43.7%), diffuse mucosal nodularity was 4 cases (25.0%) and erosion was 3 cases (18.7%). The most common site of MALT lymphoma was antrum and angle. H. pylori was positive in 87.5% (14/16 cases) and eradication of H. pylori was done in patients who refused operation and histologic improvement after H. pylori eradication was found in 62.5% (5/8 cases). Conclusion: The most common endoscopic findings of gastric MALT lymphoma was irregular geographic superficial ulcer but diffuse mucosal nodularity and erosions were also common. Therefore, biopsy must be taken, especially on the antrum and angle although nonspecific lesion may be suspected.

非常 桑苗生産에 對한 硏究

孫賢秀,李鍾哲,崔震浹,裵啓宣,孫興大 東亞大學校 1974 東亞論叢 Vol.11 No.2

新梢揷木에 있어 揷穗保管 可能與否 및 母樹園의 몇가지 處理, 그리고 春期古條 mulching 揷木 等에 對하여 硏究한 結果는 다음과 같다. 1. 條桑 또는 新梢를 貯藏하지 않고 卽時 揷木한 것은 活着比率이 60.0%로서 좋은便이며 貯藏한 것들은 34.1%로서 不良한 便이었다. 2. 貯藏 中 不浸水區의 活着比率이 27.3%인데 比하여 浸水區가 40.9%로서 成績이 좋았다. 3. 總恨長, 條莖, 枝條長 等 後期生育에 있어서도 不貯藏區가 貯藏區에 比하여, 浸水區가 不浸水區에 比하여 全般的으로 成積이 良好한 便이었다. 4. 新梢貯藏(K), 條桑貯藏(L), 浸水與否(M)의 單獨效果를 보면 新梢貯藏要因이 가장 被害가 甚하였고, 다음은 條桑貯藏要因이며, 浸水與否의 要因이 가장 적게 作用하였다. 5. 新梢揷木用 母樹園의 處理는 ??, K₂O肥料 2倍肥(g) 先端伐採(h), 先端摘芯(i) 等 모두 處理한 것의 活着比率이 60.0%로 좋으며 無處理區는 35.2%로 成積이 不良한 便이다. 6. 活着比率에 있어 要因別로 보면 先端伐採區 54.1%, 摘芯區 51.9%, ??, K₂O 2倍肥區 51.0%의 順이고 無處理區가 35.2%로 가장 낮은 便이며, 3要因間의 相互作用은 認定되지 않았다. 7. 春期 古條揷穗는 下部(a)에서 採取한것(31.1%)에 比하여 中部(a´)에서 採取한 것(1.5%)이 活着比率이 極히 不良하며, 8. 揷穗의 길이가 15㎝로서 地下 12㎝ 埋植한 것(19.2%)에 比하여 揷穗길이 10㎝로서 地下 7㎝埋植한 것(13.4%)이 成積이 좋지 못하였고, 9. 春期 古條揷木에서의 肥料 要因은 揷木後 掘取까지의 期間이 길며 土質이 肥沃하였기에 別다른 差는 볼 수 없었으며, 平均條莖이 1.6㎝로서 後期生育은 全區가 良好하였다. The results abtained from studies on the possibility of preservation of cuttings in the green wood cutting, some treatments of propagation mulberry field, and spring-hard wood mulching cutting are as follows; 1. Immediate insertion showed 60% of survial while preservation plots showed 34.1%. 2. In survival, soaked plots increased 40.9% as compared with non-soaking plots 27.3% during the preservation periods. 3. Non-preservation and soaked plots were generally better than preservation and non-soaking plots in total length of root, diameter of stem and length of branch. 4. Of the factors of preservated-green wood cuttings(K), preservated0branches(L) and soaked-the base in water(M), the factor of preservated-green wood cuttings(K) indicated the highest percentage survial; preservated-branches(L), the next highest, and soaked-the base in water(M), the lowest. 5. 60% of survival was represented in green wood cutting in the propagation mulberry field when treated with twice the amount of ??.K₂O fertilizer(g), head pruning(h) and picking up new buds(i). On the other hand, non-treatments showed 35.2% 6. The factor of head pruning appeared 54.1%; picking up new buds, 51.9% twice the amount of ??.K₂O fertilizer; 51.0% and non-treatments marked the lowest 35.2% of survival. 7. Cutting taken from the base(a) showed 31.1% in survival while those taken from the middle part(a´) 1.5%. 8. Cutting of 15㎝-long and 12㎝ deep-inserted(19.2%) were better than those of 10㎝-long 7㎝ deep-inserted(13.4%) 9. In the spring hard wood cutting, factor of fertilizer didn’t convince difference because cuttings had been in the bed before they were dugged out and the soil fertile. The average of diameter of stem was 1.6㎝ and all plots were good for later growth season in general.