공동주택 거주자의 에너지 사용행태 및 에너지 절약의식 분석

이윤재,이현수,박소윤,Lee, Youn-Jae,Lee, Hyun-Soo,Park, So-Yun 한국주거학회 2011 한국주거학회 논문집 Vol.22 No.6

The purpose of the study was to investigate the characteristics of energy use behaviors and energy saving consciousness of multi-family housing residents. The energy referred to in this study includes electric energy, heating energy and water usage. This study was conducted from a survey carried out in Seoul and Gyeonggi-do. The results of the study are as follows: First, among the survey questions, the only positive energy saving behaviors shown by the occupants was turning off the lights and the television, and in the use of kitchen appliances; it could therefore be concluded that, in general, energy saving attitude and consciousness were not sufficient to reduce energy consumption. Second, the results showed high mean scores for the behaviors which were easy to control, such as turning off lights and televisions, and low mean scores for the behaviors which required extra effort to completely cut off electricity energy such as pulling out the plugs of electronic appliances. Third, it was found that the occupants generally showed the tendency to save heating energy. However, in cases where the occupants were required to continuously and directly experience indoor temperatures, they expressed passive attitudes toward saving energy. Fourth, they showed wasteful attitudes toward water usage by leaving the tap running when taking showers and washing their faces. Fifth, while they showed a strong energy saving consciousness, they also showed a passive attitude about putting this into practice; there was therefore some gap between attitude and behavior. Lastly, among the socio-demographic factors, age and family lifecycle were very important factors affecting energy use and energy saving consciousness.

노인주택 면적계획을 위한 요소로서 행위면적 산출 연구

이윤재,이현수,Lee, Youn-Jae,Lee, Hyun-Soo 한국주거학회 2009 한국주거학회 논문집 Vol.20 No.1

The purpose of the study is to suggest the amount of space for each behavior according to the classification of behavior in the housing to plan the optimal floor space of the elderly housing. The method for calculating space for behavior begins with classifying behaviors, identifying them and then taking pictures of the model of elderly people who reproduce each behavior. Based on the pictures, body parts which are necessary for each behavior are assembled and the formula for behavioral space is created. The space for behavior is produced considering the body dimensions of Korean elderly in their sixty's as well as the furniture size and the psychological distance between people. 3D modeling is used to verify the result. Human behaviors can be classified into individual-related, housework-related, family-related, reception-related and other behaviors. These five behaviors are subdivided into more specific behaviors. The area for each specific behavior is calculated with the anthropometric data of the elderly, preferred furniture dimension and psychological area. As a result the required area for specific behaviors is as follows: the behavior of sleeping in a bed needs $4.3m^2$; the behavior of changing clothes on a chair, $1.7m^2$; the behavior of watching TV on the floor $1.3m^2$, the behavior of working and reading using a desk, $2.1m^2$, the behavior of exercise, $2.5m^2$; the behavior of showering on a chair, $1.3m^2$ and showering using a wheelchair, $1.9m^2$; the behavior of toileting using a wheelchair, $2.3m^2$; the behavior of washing up using a wheelchair, $1.9m^2$; the behavior of eating using a table for four persons, $4.4m^2$; the behavior of cooking and washing dishes, $0.9m^2$ per counter-top; the behavior of washing clothes using a washing machine, $0.9m^2$; the behavior of ironing on the floor $1.4m^2$; the behavior of reception(three persons) on the floor considering personal space, $4.0m^2$; the behavior of taking on and off shoes on a chair, $1.3m^2$. The result of the study is utilized as quantitative data to calculate optimal floor space for elderly housing. In addition, qualitative data such as characteristics of housing preference, spacial usage and storage capacity are necessary to produce the floor space which can provide convenient and safe living environment.

노인복지주택 단위주거 평면계획 특성 및 잠재적 거주자 주거요구 분석

이윤재,Lee, Youn-Jae 한국주거학회 2013 한국주거학회 논문집 Vol.24 No.4

The purpose of this paper is to investigate the planning characteristics of certain cases of elderly welfare housing (hitherto EWH), and analyze any problems by comparing this against the actual needs of potential residents. To this end, 38 distinct housing plans from twelve EWH built after 2005 were examined, and a survey on housing needs was taken by 198 people between 48 and 62 years of age. The results are as follows: Firstly, the most common size found among the 10 cases was 42-66 $m^2$, however larger sizes are becoming more frequent. The most popular response on the survey was one favoring smaller housing options. Secondly, the most common floor plan examined consisted of 1 bedroom + LDK and 2 bedroom + LDK. Likewise, the survey reflected that 1 or 2 bedroom housing was preferred. Thirdly, a floor plan composed of a smaller bedroom and LDK is commonly found in smaller floor plans of EWH. The survey reflected potential residents preferred this same style of floor plan, with a smaller bedroom and LDK set up. However, lower-income participants preferred a single, larger bedroom which also can serve as a living space, to go along with a kitchen/dining room (DK). Fourthly, 2 bedroom housing typically included a single bathroom, however the survey indicated that participants preferred a second bathroom to go along with a second bedroom. Consequently, the planning of elderly welfare housing is to a large extent meeting the demands of its potential residents, however house size and the planning of bathrooms have yet to meet these demands, especially with potential lower-income residents when it comes to housing size and space composition.

건강주택 실현을 위한 공동주택 거주자의 환기행태 및 환기기기 관리 특성에 관한 연구

이윤재,Lee, Youn-Jae 한국주거학회 2010 한국주거학회 논문집 Vol.21 No.5

The purpose of the study is to investigate the behaviors for ventilation to control indoor air quality and characteristics of the maintenance for ventilation equipments by multi-family housing residents. This study was conducted by the survey in the area of Seoul and Kyungki-do. The results of the study are as follows: the majority of respondents conduct ventilation once a day, below 20 minutes with opening some windows of the inside of the house. The time for ventilation is generally between 9-11 am. and 5-7 pm. Most of the wives are responsible for ventilation activities. In addition, so far building materials and furniture are not seriously considered as the source of indoor air pollution by the respondents. Their satisfaction for indoor air before and after ventilation is perceived as just the level of average. As the mechanical ventilation equipments such as a hood and an exhaust fan, half of the respondents are using them frequently. However, the ventilation equipments are not maintained well. Specially maintenance and checks for exhaust fans are hardly conducted. In conclusion, the frequency of ventilation is very limited and residents show passive attitudes about ventilation and maintenance of ventilation equipments. Therefore, for the actualization of healthy housing, educational programs and guidelines on the way of ventilation targeting the residents should be set up and a certain organization has to check periodically the performance of the ventilation equipments of each house in the multi-family housing complex.

노인주택 면적 계획을 위한 예비노인층 및 노인층의 선호주거특성과 공간사용특성

이윤재,이현수,Lee, Youn-Jae,Lee, Hyun-Soo 한국주거학회 2008 한국주거학회 논문집 Vol.19 No.6

The purpose of the study is to investigate the characteristics of the elderly housing preference and spatial usage to plan floor space of the elderly housing by the respondents of the ages 50 to 79. Based on the result of the study, it is suggested that the elderly housing should be located in regards to social environmental factors rather than natural environmental ones. There are differences in preference for the space planning of housing units such as the number of rooms and bathrooms, and floor space depending on income level, so the housing should be differently planned to accept the difference of preference. On the other hand, there is not notable difference in furniture preference for each space. In the characteristics of spatial usage according to behaviors, high-income respondents demonstrate the characteristics of spatial usage in accordance with a western lifestyle. Thus, behaviors such as sleeping, watching TV, resting, reading, conversation, and receiving guests, occur using such things as beds, sofas, and dinning tables. On the other hand low-income respondents show a mixed western and traditional lifestyle. Thus many behaviors are done on the floor of bedroom and livingroom in addition to using furniture such as a sofa and chairs. Therefore, the way of spatial usage has to be reflected in the floor space planning. At least floor space of the provided rooms should be planned to accommodate the behavior of the elderly even though all of the rooms preferred can not be provided.

광섬유와 필름격자를 이용한 가속도 센서

이윤재,조재흥,권일범,서대철,이남권,Lee, Youn-Jea,Jo, Jae-Heung,Kwon, Il-Bum,Seo, Dae-Cheol,Lee, Nam-Kwon 한국광학회 2008 한국광학회지 Vol.19 No.3

상용의 전자기 가속도 센서에 비해 신호의 안정성 면에서 우수하고 가격이 저렴하며 제작이 비교적 용이한 필름 격자를 이용한 광세기 방식의 새로운 가속도 센서를 제안하고 이를 제작하였다. 외부의 진동에 반응하는 외팔보(cantilever beam)에 서로 주기가 어긋난 2장의 진폭 변조용 필름 격자가 나란히 부착되어 이 필름격자를 지나가는 출력광이 외부진동에 따라 서로 다른 위상으로 변조된다. 이 두 필름격자에 의한 출력의 위상각을 이용하여 출력광 신호의 위상을 구하고, 위상 연속화 과정을 거쳐 외팔보의 변위를 계산하여 가속도 환산 관계식을 통해 가속도를 측정하였다. 본 논문의 필름 격자를 이용한 광섬유 가속도 센서는 대형 구조물 및 토목 구조물의 모니터링에 알맞은 7 Hz 이하의 저주파 대역에서 사용 가능하도록 설계하였다. 이 광섬유 가속도 센서는 광섬유를 이용하였으므로 전자기적 노이즈가 예상되는 곳에서도 구조물의 진동 측정에 적합하다. We develop a fiber optic acceleration sensor with LED, PD, POF, and a cantilever beam, having film grating at the edge of the beam. Light is transmitted from LED to PD through the film grating. When the cantilever beam moves by external vibration, output light is modulated as sinusoidal signals. The characteristics of output signals are dominated by the spacing of the film grating and also by the size and the elasticity of the beam. Two output signals, having constant initial phase difference, are obtained by two gratings with 90 degree phase difference. Those two signals are used to determine phase angle, which is proportional to the displacement of the beam. Finally, the acceleration is determined from conversion equation between displacement and acceleration. This sensor is designed for monitoring the vibration of large and complex building in the low frequency range of below 7 Hz, and is particularly suitable to measure acceleration in electromagnetic environments.

논문 : 농촌지역의 노인 주거 사적 공간 실태조사 연구 -침실과 욕실 및 화장실을 중심으로-

이윤재 ( Youn Jae Lee ),전형준 ( Hyung Joon Jeon ) 디자인융복합학회 2014 디자인융복합연구 Vol.13 No.2

본 연구의 목적은 농촌지역에 거주하고 농업관련 생산활동에 참여하는 60세 이상의 노인이 거주하는 19개의 주택을 대상으로 침실과 화장실 및 욕실을 조사하여 문제점을 파악하였다. 연구방법은 작성된 조사항목을 중심으로 현장조사를 실시하고 거주자 인터뷰, 실측, 사진촬영 등을 사용하였다. 연구결과는 다음과 같다. 첫째, 침실은 2-3개가 계획되었지만 주침실을 제외한 나머지 침실은 적절한 기능을 하지 못하고 있으며 둘째, 가구구성 및 건강상태는 선호하는 침실 수의 변화에 비교적 영향을 미치지 않는 것으로 나타났다. 셋째, 과반수이상 사례의 주침실에서 취침, 접객, 식사, 휴식 등 다양한 행위가 발생되고 있어 안방중심형 주택계획에 대한 고려가 필요하다. 넷째, 부족한 수납공간을 보충하기 위해 드레스룸, 다용도실, 팬트리 등 의 계획이 필요하다. 다섯째, 욕실 및 화장실의 환경은 열악한 상황이며 조도, 채광, 환기의 문제가 있는 것으로 나타났으며 욕실은 위생공간뿐만 아니라, 창고, 세탁공간 등으로도 활용되고 있어 거주자에게 많은 불편함을 주고 있었다. 여섯째, 노인거주자는 세면대를 이용하기보다 앉은 자세로 샤워를 하거나 세수하는 것을 선호함으로 이를 고려한 욕실계획이 이루어져야 할 것이다. The objective of this paper is to investigate problems associated with the bedrooms and bathrooms of 19 houses belonging to elderly people (60`s and over) living in rural areas and engaged in farming activities. The method employed was a field survey with interviews, measurements, and photo analysis. The results are as follows. First, renovated Korean traditional houses were deemed inappropriate to meet the needs of the elderly population. Second, in spite of there being on average 2-3 bedrooms per house, with the exception of the master bedroom, the bedrooms were unable to perform to a desirable capacity. Third, since in more than half of the cases, most activities (sleeping, entertaining, eating, resting etc.) took place in the master bedroom, it is necessary to respect a “master-bedroom-centric” design. Fourth, in order to make up for a lack of storage space, dressing rooms, multi-purpose rooms, and pantries must be taken into consideration. Fifth, it was discovered that bathrooms were unpleasant, especially with regard to lighting (both natural and artificial), ventilation, and similar factors. In addition, many bathrooms also served as storage space and laundry rooms, adding to their unpleasantness. Sixth, rather than using the sink, many elderly residents preferred to wash simply in the shower while sitting. Thus, bathrooms should be planned with this in mind.

도시 거주 고령자 특성을 고려한 1인 주거면적기준 산출 연구

이윤재(Lee, Youn-Jae) 한국생태환경건축학회 2012 한국생태환경건축학회 논문집 Vol.12 No.5

잠재적 수요자 요구에 기초한 신혼희망타운 내 주거복지 전문 인력의 업무에 관한 연구

이윤재(Lee, Youn-Jae),정윤혜(Jung, Yoon-Hye) 한국주거학회 2021 한국주거학회 논문집 Vol.32 No.1

This study aims to propose the tasks of housing welfare professionals in the public housing for Newlyweds based on the needs of their potential residents. The study was conducted by using surveys from 98 subjects from March 10 to April 2. The results of the study are as follows. First, potential residents of the Newlywed Hope Town want to receive residential services related to the safety of the housing complex, medical services, child learning program, housing finance information, and housing information from housing welfare professionals. Second, the roles of housing welfare professionals that are in the greatest need include housing welfare service planning, residential service space planning, building housing welfare networks, residential life support services, and housing finances, and housing information providing services among 14 Housing Welfare Professionals’ Tasks Types by the Korean Housing Association. Third, the Residential Service which housing welfare professionals want to be responsible of the most is the program planning and management of comprehensive child care centers. Lastly, it was concluded that Residential Service that will be provided in the Newlywed Hope Town during the earliest stage of moving in should first be focused on the types of Residential Service that have the greatest correlations with the need of housing welfare professionals.

논문 : 농촌지역의 노인 주거 공용 공간 실태조사 연구 -현관과 거실을 중심으로-

이윤재 ( Youn Jae Lee ) 디자인융복합학회 2013 디자인융복합연구 Vol.12 No.5

본 연구의 목적은 농업활동에 종사하는 농촌거주 고령자 주거의 현황을 파악하고 문제점을 도출하는 것이다. 연구방법은 경상북도 봉화군에 소재하며 농업관련 생산활동에 종사하는 60세 이상의 1인 노인가구 및 노인부부가구가 거주하는 주택 19사례를 편의표집하여 실태조사를 실시하였다. 본 연구에서는 공용공간인 현관 및 거실공간에 대한 조사를 중심으로 실시하였으며 연구결과는 다음과 같다. 첫째, 농촌주택은 최근에 지어진 양옥이나 전통주택을 개조한 주택 모두 노인의 노화를 지원하기에는 부적절한 것으로 분석되었다. 둘째, 노인이 거주하는 농촌주택의 현관은 협소한 공간, 부족한 수납시설, 높이가 불규칙적인 단, 거실 진입부분의 높은 단차, 바닥의 미끄러움 등의 문제점들이 조사되었다. 셋째, 아직까지 거실 기능이 안방에서도 이루어짐으로써 공적공간과 사적공간과의 구분이 모호한 사례가 많이 발견되었다. 거실면적은 가구구성, 행위에 따른 공간사용특성에 따라 요구하는 거실면적의 크기가 다른 것으로 나타났으며 거실이 시각적, 물리적으로 부엌공간과 분리될 것을 선호하였다. 다수의 사례에서 거주자가 거실에서 침실, 및 부엌, 욕실 등 타 공간으로 이동할 때 높은 문턱으로 인해 불편함을 겪고 있었다. The objective of this paper is to investigate problems associated with housing space for elderly people (60`s and over) living in rural areas and engaged in farming activities. As the subject of study, this paper takes 19 individual households with convenience sampling from Bonghwa-gun of Gyeongsangbuk-do. The results are as follows. Firstly, it is judged that elderly housing in rural areas is unable to cope with the problems experienced by aging residents. Secondly, it is judged that the foyers of such dwellings are inadequate in size, to go along with inadequate storage space. Other obstacles include inconsistencies between individual steps and slippery floor surfaces. Thirdly, the master bedroom still maintains its role as both living quarters and space for entertaining guests. As such, it is hard to distinguish the difference between public and private space. Other findings include the size of the livingroom depending on the composition of the household and the activities in which they engage. It was also determined that elderly rural residents preferred physical and visual separation of kitchen and living room. In multiple cases it was found that elderly residents experienced discomfort due to high doorsills.