월북시인 박산운 시 연구

이승이(Lee Seung-yi) 어문연구학회 2015 어문연구 Vol.85 No.-

본고는 시집 내가 사는 나라 를 중심으로 월북시인 박산운의 시세계를 살폈다. 총9부로 구성된 시집에는 1940년대〜1990년대 발표된 시작품 75편이 수록되어 있다. 본고는 이 가운데 1940년대‧1950년대‧1980년대 시 를 중심으로 박산운을 둘러싼 전위시인‧월북시인‧북한시인의 키워드를 풀어 시세계를 이해하고자 하였다. 이 를 통해 북한 시문학의 흐름 속에서 박산운이 어떻게 흡수되고 개성을 지켜나갔는지를 알 수 있었다. 첫째, ‘전위시인’은 해방기 신진시인의 탈식민주의적 기질로, 남의 나라가 되어 버린 조국 현실에서 새 나라 건설을 위한 박산운의 열망과 관계된다. 둘째, ‘월북시인’은 새 나라 건설의 열망으로 38선을 넘은 박산운의 능동적인 행위로부터 기인한다. 박산운에게 월북 행위는 ‘내가 가야할 길’로, 해방기 유이민의 ‘귀국’과 마찬가지로 새로운 고향을 찾아 떠난 ‘귀향’의 의미를 지닌다. 셋째, ‘북한시인’은 추방과 복권의 과정을 겪으면서 북한문단에 흡수되기 위한 의식적인 창작행위로, 박산운이 당과 수령이 요구하는 혁명적 시문학 창작에 힘쓴 것과 관련된다. 본 연구를 통해 박산운의 시세계를 수령 찬양문학과 통일문학으로 집약할 수 있었다. 박산운의 시세계는 수령 찬양문학을 통해 북한 시문학사의 흐름을 이해하는 중요한 지표로 활용될 가능성을 얻었다. 또 통일문학을 통해 시세계의 근원이 ‘어머니 나라’의 온전한 회복이었고, 일생을 통일시인으로 살았음을 알았다. 박산운 시세 계는 시대적 현실과 개인적 현실이 맞물려 조국통일의 한길을 꾸준히 닦아온 피맺힌 탐구로 기억될 것이다. This article’s objective is to understand the poetic universe of San Woon Park (1921.7.1〜1997.7.21), who was a cancelled a ban defect poet to North Korea. San Woon Park made a major debut as new rising liberation period poet in 1946 with joint publication of “Avant-garde Poetry Collection”. He moved to North Korea in 1948 and established himself firmly in North Korean literature during times of purging and reinstating of North Korean governmental system. “The Country I Live in,” (1992), the main focus of this research, consists of nine parts with 75 poems in total which were published between 1940’s and 1990’s. This article explored main themes of poems by dividing into three different periods as 1940’s, 1950’s and 1980’s. Also, it confirmed periodic and personal realities related to main themes. Through this, I have attempted to understand the characteristics of San Woon Park’s poetic universe as avant-garde poet, defect poet to North Korean, North Korean poet, and reunification poet. 1940’s was a dark age at the end of Japanese colonization of Korea and confused period caused by liberation. Also, the formation of personal reality took place due to forced draft-studying abroad and returning to hometown-defecting to North Korea. Main themes of poems are lives of colonized people and destroyed hometown, happiness of liberation and despair, and aspiration for building a new country. 1950’s was characterized by Korean war and post-war reparation. It was the period of intersection of establishment of North Korean regime and personal reality due to exile-reinstatement and loss of hometown. Themes of poems included praising great leader, reality of post-war reparation, heroic struggle, and sense of losing hometown. 1980’s was the period of Jung Il Kim’s power succession as well as strengthening self-reliance theory of Kim’s dynasty, in which personal reality as a person who lost his hometown, living through pain of separation was intersected. Themes of poems characterized by praise of Jung Il Kim, strengthening of loyalty regarding hidden hero, pain of separation, longing for home, and reunification of both nations. The understanding of San Woon Park’s poetic universe as it follows. First, his poetic universe serves as an important index in understanding the flow of North Korean poetic literature as it reflects North Korean literature policy in effect every decade. Second, his poems regarding reunification separate from other North Korean poetic literature due to its different interpretation of one’s motherland. Third, hidden meaning of his keywords, which include avant-garde poet, defect poet, and North Korean poet, can be integrated into reunification poet. Therefore, poems on reunification remain incomplete, but it could be concluded that San Woon Park’s poetic universe roots from restoration of “Motherland”.

희망의 한 풍경으로서 백석의 만주 시편

이승이(Seung-yi, Lee) 어문연구학회 2010 어문연구 Vol.65 No.-

Baek seok moved to Manju during the Policy Transformation period (1931-1945). During this period, Manju was an area overwhelming with the sentiments of political, economic, and cultural survival as a colony. For Baek seok, Manju was an area of pioneering and rehabilitation and his move to Manju was an act of searching for new possibilities. This paper aims to examine the implications of Baek seok’s move to Manju as well as to discuss the implications of Baek seok’s Manju poems presented between 1940 and 1941. Specifically, the paper focuses on how Baek seok overcame his disappointment with the Manju he experienced as opposed to the Manju he imagined. This concentration is an extension of the interest of how the multicultural citizens of Manju, who were split among sympathizing with the people of Chosun, the people of Japan, and the people of Manju, overcame the challenges of reality. The answers can be found from the ideas of the purity nature, the mentality of muk, and idle nature that are all expressed in the Manju poems. The appearance of Manju that he described in his poems was the hope that he materialized for the state. As a result, ‘towards Manju’ entails the movement of the tragedy of the colonial Chosun or the tragedy of Baek seok’s life, ‘away from Manju’ which implies freedom from Manju that was a spatial extension of tragedy.

서사 원리를 활용한 서정시 읽기 가능성

이승이 ( Seung Yi Lee ) 현대문학이론학회 2014 現代文學理論硏究 Vol.0 No.57

최근 서사의 의미는 구조주의에 기반을 둔 전통적인 의미에서 벗어나 자신의 경험을 생성하고 소통하는 인지 활동으로 이해된다. 서사에 대한 새로운 이해를 바탕으로 본 글은 서정시에 서사 원리를 도입하여 독자의 서정시 읽기 즐거움을 얻고자 했다. 이를 위해 독자의 읽기 경험이 구체화되는 과정에서 서사 원리가 적용될 가능성이 있는 두 측면에 집중하였다. 첫 번째는, 독자의 언술 행위로서 ‘서사 행위’이다. 독자는 서사 행위를 통해 서정시 읽기 경험을 내면화하고 타인과 소통한다. 의식 속에 내재화된 행동 체계로서 서사 행위는 모든 독자에게 공통으로 나타나는 자동화된 습관이다. 이러한 서사 행위는 읽기 경험을 활성화하기 위한 전략으로 논리 구조를 갖추게 되는데, 이 논리 구조 안에 서사 원리가 작동하게 된다. 두 번째는, 독자의 서사 행위 결과물로 ‘재구성된 이야기’이다. 독자는 서정시를 이야기 형식으로 재구성하며, 유기적인 이야기로 만들기 위해 보편적인 서사 원리를 활용한다. 즉 서정시에서의 사건은 시간 관계, 공간 관계, 인간 관계, 인과 관계, 상황과 행동의 집합 등 서사 원리를 활용하여 이야기 형식으로 재구성된다. 이는 서정시에 서사적 실마리가 숨겨져 있음을 의미한다. 이처럼 독자의 서정시 읽기 경험은 서사 행위를 통해서 전달되고 서사로 완성된다. 이는 서정적 요소로 인하여 운명적으로 소수 독자를 갖는 것으로 만족했던 서정시 읽기에 새로운 가능성을 보여준다. The current meaning of narrative is penetrated as creating one’s own experience and communication which are cognitive activities not just a conventional meaning based on structuralism. This study aims to devise a strategy which can solve the difficulties in reading lyrical poetry by utilizing new understanding based on narrative principles. In this perspective, I attempt to take an in-depth study of two aspects of possibilities applied to narrative principles which readers’ reading experience would turn into a concrete embodiment process. Firstly, a reader’s enunciation is a narrative action. The reader internalizes the experience of reading lyrical poetry through action narrative and communicates with others. The narrative activity is a consciously internalized behavior which is an automated habit of all of the readers. This narrative activity, however, has a logical structure which devises a strategy to boost up the reading experience and the narrative principles are activated during this process. Secondly, it is a reconstituted tale which is an outcome of a reader’s narrative activity. The reader reconstitutes a lyrical poetry into a tale formation and utilizes universal narrative principles to make it an organic tale. In other words, the incidents in a lyrical poetry could be reconstituted by the relation in time, space, human, cause and effect, and circumstances and collection of actions through narrative principles. This means that there is a hidden clue of descriptive narration. The reader’s reading experience of lyrical poetry can be transmitted through a narrative activity and be completed by narrative. This presents a new possibility for lyrical poetry reading that has a small number of readers in lyrical characteristics with a fatalistic limitation.

김상훈 유고시집 『열원』 연구

이승이 ( Seung Yi Lee ) 연세대학교 인문학연구원 2015 人文科學 Vol.103 No.-

To fully appreciate Sanghun Kim’s poetry, the scope of his poetry should be expanded into the poetry after his defect to North Korea. However, as the data about his achievements and activities in poetry is insufficient, discussion on a collection of poems published by newly found pen name, “Yeolwon”(Hun Kim, Munye-sa, 1993), in this study is very meaningful to appreciate his poetry after his defect to North Korea. “Yeolwon” consists of 5 chapters, largely classified into three collections except 12 pieces of work in chapter 1, ‘Starts of the Guide’ which reflected the ideology of literary circle in North Korea as it was. In the first collection, poetry in chapter 2, the reality of the time found in ‘a general record of troops’ and etc. is realized as a vestige of feudal society, the arrogance of the American imperialism, and bureaucratic corruption. Next, in the second collection, poetry in chapter 3 and 4, a drive to survive together in spite of anxieties in reality is manifested as a fighting will, symbolized as ‘a flag.’ And the last, in the third collection, poetry in chapter 5, a strong longing for ‘mother’ which was brought by division of one nation is related with a strong hope for reunification. Kim’s collection after the defect to North Korea is not much different from the one before the defect. In fact, he had realized a narration of a recovery of ‘a stolen land’ before the defect; while he had established a description of a loss and a recovery, striving to healing ‘a divided land’ after the defect. In conclusion, it was found that Sanghun Kim’s poetry is deeply related with Korean people’s destiny as an expression of ‘liberty of mother nation and a burning love yearning for happiness of the people.’

Isolation and Identification of Secondary Metabolites from the Ovary of Nelumbo nucifera

Seung-Heon Ji(지승헌),Jae-Won Lee(이재원),Seung-Eun Lee(이승은),Young-Seob Lee(이영섭),Geum-Soog Kim(김금숙),Young-Sup Ahn(안영섭),Nam-In Baek(백남인),Yi Lee(이이),Heung-Bin Lim(임흥빈),Dae Young Lee(이대영) 한국생명과학회 2016 생명과학회지 Vol.26 No.10

연꽃의 자방으로부터 80% MeOH로 추출하고, 얻어진 추출물을 n-hexane, ethyl acetate, n-butanol 및 H₂O으로 용매 분획하였다. 이 중 n-hexane 분획물에 대해 silica gel과 octadecyl silica gel column chromatography 및 Prep-HPLC system을 반복 수행하여 5 종의 물질을 분리 하였다. 각 화합물의 화학구조는 NMR, GC/MS및 ESI/MS 등의 분광학적 스펙트럼을 측정하고, 해석하여 1-eicosanol (1), cycloartenol (2), trans-squalene (3), pentadecanoic acid (4) 및 β-sitosterol (5)으로 동정하였다. 이 화합물들은 연꽃 자방추출물에서 처음으로 분리하고 동정하였으며 앞으로 이 화합물들에 대한 다양한 생리적 및 약리적 활성을 검토함으로써 건강기능성 식품 또는 의약품의 소재로서의 충분한 가치가 있다고 여겨진다. The ovary parts of Nelumbo nucifera were extracted in 80% methanol (MeOH), and the concentrated extract was then partitioned using n-hexane, ethyl acetate (EtOAc), n-butanol (n-BuOH), and H₂O, successively. Using an octadecyl silica gel (ODS) column, silica gel (SiO2) column chromatography, and a HPLC purification system, five compounds were isolated from the n-hexane fraction obtained from the extract of N. nucifera ovary. The chemical structures of the metabolites were determined using several spectroscopic methods, including NMR and GC/MS and MS of 1-eicosanol (1), cycloartenol (2), trans-squalene (3), pentadecanoic acid (4), and β-sitosterol (5). This study is a first attempt to isolate and identify secondary metabolites from the ovary of N. nucifera. The results indicated that the extract of N. nucifera ovary has biological effects, such as antibacterial and -tumor activity. Therefore, it could decrease the risk of HIV transmission through breastfeeding.

시,공간 변화를 통해 본 시인 김우철의 정체성

이승이 ( Seung Yi Lee ) 현대문학이론학회 2013 現代文學理論硏究 Vol.0 No.53

1988년 월북 작가 해금 조치는 북한 문학에 대한 연구가 본격적으로 이루어진 시발점이었다. 이후 북한 문학에 대한 지속적인 관심은 여러 연구자들에 의해 양적인 연구 성과를 거두었지만, 그 질적 깊이를 헤아려 보면 부족한감이 있다. 특히 월북·재북 시인에 대한 연구는 이념적 지향과 선택이라는 가치개념에 의해, 또 북한에서의 행적을 증거할 수 있는 자료의 한계로 인해 한정적으로 이루어진 것이 사실이다. 본 글은 이찬·민병균·김조규에 비해 선행 연구가 전무한 재북 시인 김우철의 정체성을 시·공간 변화를 통해 살펴보고자 했다. 김우철(1915~1959)은 출생 이후 문단에서 자취를 감추기 전까지 평안북도 의주에 거주하면서 문단 활동을 지속해 왔다. 그러나 `의주``라는 추상적인 공간은 ``식민``·``해방``·``분단``이라는 시간상의 사건과 맞물리면서 구체적인 공간성을 확보했다. 이러한 시 ·공간성의 변화는 자연스럽게 김우철의 정체성에 영향을 미쳤다. 그 결과 김우철은 해방 전에는 "과도기에 태어난 보잘 것 없는 인텔리-문인" 으로서 ``카프 지방 시인``·``국경 시인``·``식민지 시인``의 정체성을 드러냈다. 또 해방 및 분단 이후에는 "평양 시내에 있는 중견 년배 시인"으로서 ``중앙 시인``·``당의 시인``·``혁명적 랑만주의(카프) 시인``의 정체성을 나타냈다. 특히 카프 전통을 이은 ``혁명적 랑만주의 시인``으로서의 정체성은 해방 전과 해방 및 분단 이후를 잇는 김우철의 중심축이었다. 따라서 김우철은 북한 문학 전통이 카프 문학 전통으로부터 항일혁명 문학 전통으로 새롭게 변모하는 ``전면적 개화기에 들어선 천리마 시대(1958~1967)``로 접어드는 첫 어귀에서 설 자리를 잃고 문단에서 사라지게 되었다. The The lifting of ban on writers who went to North Korea in 1988 was the starting point of study on North Koran literature in earnest. After then, a constant interest in North Korean literature led to quantitative study results, but the qualitative depth of the studies was not enough. In particular, the study on writers who went or return to North Korean was limited due to the value concept of ideological intention and choice, as well as limitations in materials that can prove their whereabouts in North Korea. This thesis is to review identity of Kim, Woo-cheol a poet who returned to North Korea before the liberation of Korea and who has no preceding studies unlike Chan Lee, Byeong-gyun Min, and Jo-gyu Kim through time and space change. Kim Woo-cheol(1915~1959) lived in Ui-ju in the northern Pyeong-ahn province from the birth until his disappearance from the literary world. But the abstract space of ``Ui-ju`` secured specific spatiality along with time events of ``Japanese colonization``, ``liberation`` and ``division of the Korean peninsula``. Such time and space change naturally affected identity of Kim Woo-cheol. As a result, Kim Woo-cheol revealed his identity of ``a KAPF region poet``, ``a border poet`` and ``a colonial poet`` as ``an insignificant writer of the intellectual class who was born in the transition period``. And after the liberation and the division, his identity was ``a central poet``, ``a poet of the Party``, ``a KAPF poet`` as ``a poet in the middle age who stays in Pyeongyang City``. In particular, his identity of ``a revolutionary romanticism poet`` was the central pillar of Kim Woo-cheol, connecting before the liberation and after the liberation and the division of the Korean peninsula. Therefore, Kim Woo-cheol lost his footing and disappear from the literary world at the early stage of ``the Chollima period(1958~1967), which is the full-fledged enlightenment period`` transformed from the tradition of KAPF literature to that of anti-Japanese revolution literature.

박목월의 『보라빛 素描』를 통해 본 여백의 의미

이승이(Lee Seung-yi) 한국비평문학회 2021 批評文學 Vol.- No.80

이 논문은 박목월 초기시의 특성인 여백이 어떤 환경에서 발생했고 어떤 방식으로 형상화되었는지, 또 그 효과 및 의의는 무엇인지에 주목하고자 한다. 그리고 그 실마리를 문학적 자기 서사로서 자작시 해설집 『보랏빛 素描』를 통해 풀어내고자 한다. 자기(self)에 대한 역사적 담론으로서 자작시 해설집은 시를 창작하게 된 일화를 회고하고 자신의 시세계를 구체적으로 밝히고 있기 때문에 시인의 시세계를 이해하는 데 긴요한 자료로 활용된다. 식민지-한국전쟁-광복으로 연결되는 소란한 시대의 ‘흰 침묵’이자 ‘슬픈 얼굴’로서 ‘보라빛’은 서럽고 너그러운 정서를 환기하면서 박목월 초기시의 주조색으로 자리 잡는다. 보라빛의 여백은 박목월 초기시에서 외형적 형태의 충실한 묘사를 넘어 대상이 지닌 질감 표현으로 규명될 수 있다. 시에서 질감은 ‘한 개 낱말’과 ‘한 개 이미지’에 의해 진술적 표현이 극소화되고 정서적 표현과 상징적 표현이 극대화됨으로써 얻은 생명감으로 여백을 생성하는 원리가 된다. 그리고 이것은 명사, 조사와 종결 어미, 반복, 배열 표현의 절대적 형식을 통해 ‘읊으면서 안으로 새겨지는 힘’으로 구체화된다. 명사의 절연을 통한 빈틈, 조사와 종결 어미의 어감을 통한 뜸들임, 반복을 통한 이미지의 지속과 변화, 배열을 통한 조형력 있는 이미지는 정감의 비중과 균형을 통해 여백의 효과를 얻게 된다. 질감을 통한 생명감, 여백은 박목월 초기시의 문채(文采)로서 시를 생기 돌게 하는 원동력이다. 이는 묵화에서 점 하나를 소중히 하듯 말 하나를 아꼈던 박목월의 성실감을 보여주며, 시인이 의도한 진실한 내용과 적절한 형식미가 조화를 이룬 미적 성취로서 의의를 지닌다. This paper puts in-depth study on the environment where blank space is generated, which plays a significant role in Park Mok-wol’s early poetry, how it is figurated, how effective it is, and which significance it implies. This study tries to unravel these clues through "Purplish Drawing," which is a commentary booklet in terms of literary self-narrative pieces of poetry. As a "historical discourse on oneself," the self-composed commentary booklet elaborates the writer"s poetry world and makes it possible to recall how poems were created. It is not only helpful but also essential to understand the poet"s poetry world. In the early poems of Park Mok-wol, blank space can be identified by expressing the object"s texture beyond the detailed description of its outer appearance. In poetry, the texture is a primary principle of creating blank space by minimizing statement expressions by ‘a single word" and ‘a single image" while maximizing emotional and symbolic expressions. In particular, as a ‘white silence" and a ‘sad face" of the turbulent era leading to the colonial era- Korean war-liberation, ‘purplish color" arouses sorrowful but generous emotions as a dominant color of Park Mok-wol"s early poems. Texture-blank space by single word with a single image is embodied as an ‘engraved inward power while reciting" through the ‘absolute form" of nouns, postpositions and sentence-final endings, repetition, and expression of arrangement. The gap through the insulation of nouns, connotation with giving an interval of time through postpositions and sentence-final endings, continuation, and change of images through repetition(disconnection and continuation), and formative images through arrangement make it possible to gain unique texture-blank space effects through balancing with the importance of emotions. The texture-blank space is a driving force letting poetry alive as beautiful patterns in the early poems of Park Mok-wol. It is significant as an aesthetic achievement that harmonizes the genuine content and proper formality of the poet. Besides, it reveals the sincerity of Park Mok-wol, who cherished every single word just like even a single dot holding a lot in a drawing in black and white.

만주 체류 시기 백석의 ‘조선적인 것’에 나타난 시대정신

이승이(Seung-yi, Lee) 어문연구학회 2011 어문연구 Vol.69 No.-

This paper aims to examine the characteristics of Joseon-ness and its Zeitgeist that Baekseok searched for during his stay in Manchuria from 1940 to 1945. Baekseok has an identity crisis as a member of colonized nation, which cannot be hidden or forgotten and other-ness as an immigrant to Manchuria China. These crises led him to contemplate what Joseon-ness is in the foreign space, Manchuria. He tried to find out his Joseon-ness while thinking about what national and self identity are and expressed this issue in his poems and agrement. Baekseok tried to look at the problem of loquacity of Koreas who lived in Manchuria through gaze of others. Examining the reason of loquacity without its inception, he criticized Korean people in Manchuria as ‘hungry stray dog.’ which is a self-criticized image for himself. He thought that loquacity of Korean living in Manchuria was a grave issue that would determine the fate of Korean people and it must be solved. He appealed Korean people in Manchuria, “Shut up, think, be angry and be sad,” searching for what Joseon-ness is. He considered ‘deep sadness,’ ‘serious and deep spirit,’ and ‘strolling for idleness’ as Joseon-ness. Here, deep sadness means true love of life and cherish of life, serious and deep spirit, feeling for every day life, and strolling for idleness, healthy practices to select what they want to do regardless of suppression and control of outside power. Baekseok’s search for ‘Joseon-ness’ is based on the deep affection on Korean ways of life and also it comes from self-reflection that he as a Korean in Manchuria might lose his identity and be going to wrong way. Beakseok constantly searched for a way to show and testify Koreans’s reality in Manchuria and tried to find out Joseon-ness for national liberation. He is common people’s poet who tried to show actual Korean life in his poem and express the zeitgeist that lead people to the right way of history.

`PBL-체험`을 활용한 시 창작교육 방안

이승이 ( Lee Seung-yi ) 현대문학이론학회 2017 現代文學理論硏究 Vol.0 No.70

본고는 학습자가 시 창작교육의 중심에 서지 못함으로써 개인적 지식을 습득하는데 실패하고, 그로 인해 시 교육과 시 생활이 분리되어 평생 독자로 성장할 수 없게 된 문제로부터 출발하였다. 그리고 평생 독자로서 문학을 생활화하기 위해 학습자 체험중심의 실제 활동을 토대로 `述로서의 창작`을 넓혀 `作으로서의 창작`을 위해 어떻게 하면 지식을 잘 가르칠 수 있을지를 고민해 보았다. 이를 위해 본고는 PBL과 체험의 중층구조에 대한 아이디어를 꾀하여 이를 토대로 `PBL-체험` 교수·학습 모형을 시 창작교육에 적용할 수 있을지 검토한 결과, 학습자의 체험이 암묵적 지식의 내면화를 돕고 개인적 지식을 강화, 다시 암묵적 지식으로 차연되도록 하는 데서 그 가능성을 찾을 수 있었다. 시 창작교육에서 `PBL-체험`의 특성은 `활동의 활동`으로 요약된다. 전자의 활동은 지식의 발견으로 인한 암묵적 지식을, 후자의 활동은 암묵적 지식을 방법적 지식으로 적용하여 개인적 지식을 습득하도록 만든다. 학습자의 내면화를 통해서만 습득되는 이들 지식은 지식과 인식 주체의 통합을 통해 모든 지식이 개인의 인격적 측면에 의존 할 수밖에 없음을 보여줌으로써 인식 주체로서 학습자의 참여에 주목하도록 만든다. 또 `~으로부터 ~으로` 전이되는 이들 지식은 외부 세계의 지식과 인식 주체의 암묵적 지식의 결합을 보여줌으로써 학습자에게 내면화된 암묵적 지식이 새로운 상황 속에서 어떻게 재구성되어 확장되는지에 관심 갖도록 만든다. 즉 학습자는 PBL 활동을 통해 얻은 암묵적 지식을 시 창작 체험 활동에 적용함으로써 개인적 지식으로 강화하거나 재구성하여 확장하게 된다. 미래 사회는 다양한 지식을 단지 기억만하고 있는 것이 아니라 그것을 융·복합하여 새로운 문제적 상황에 능동적이고 창의적으로 대처할 수 있는 능력을 요구한다. 시 창작교육 또한 지식의 습득을 넘어 현상을 이해하고 설명하거나 구체적인 문제해결 과정에서 자신이 갖고 있는 자원을 동원하고 사용할 수 있는 능력을 습득하는데 그 목표를 두어야 한다. 본고의 `PBL-체험`을 활용한 시 창작교육 방안은 학습과정이 창작과정이고 창작과정이 학습과정으로, 창작과정 자체가 지식을 구성하는 학습과정의 의미를 지님으로써 미래 사회가 요구하는 창의융합형 인재 양성 기획으로 충분히 의의가 있을 것으로 기대된다 This paper is rooted from a problem of which learners fail to acquire personal knowledge because the creation of poetry education does not focus on them. As a result it separates the education of writing poems and learners` actual living and even prevents them from growing into lifetime readers. In order to make literature a way of life, as a lifetime reader, a consideration was made to deliver knowledge by `starting from writing poetry so as to creation of poetry` based on the learners` experience of actual activity. For such an objective, this paper took the idea of dual structure of PBL and experience as a basis for model of `PBL-experience` teaching·learning, and reviewed how it can be applied to creation of poetry education. After reviewing the model, the result indicated a possibility that leaners` experience could facilitate internalization of tacit knowledge, strengthening of personal knowledge and differentiation of tacit knowledge. In creation of poetry education, the characteristic of `PBL-experience` can be summarized as `activity of activity.` The former activity refers to the tacit knowledge formed through discovery of knowledge and the latter activity involves using the tacit knowledge as knowledge of means to make it into personal knowledge. Such knowledge which only can be obtained through learners` internalization focuses on learners` participation as a cognitive subject by showing that all knowledge relies on one`s personal sides through integration of knowledge and cognitive subject. Also, such knowledge which are transferred from one type of knowledge to another brings learners` attention towards how the internalized tacit knowledge can be expanded through reorganization in a new situation by showing integration of knowledge of external world and cognitive subject`s tacit knowledge. Therefore, by applying the tacit knowledge obtained through PBL activity to creation of poetry activity, learners strengthen or reorganize such knowledge into their personal knowledge. Future society does not demand only ability to memorize various knowledge but also ability to fuse such knowledge to actively and creatively handle new problematic situation. Creation of poetry education should also make objective to understand and explain phenomenon, and to obtain ability to use and employ one`s resource in the process of specific problem solving beyond acquiring knowledge. The plan for creation of poetry education utilizing `PBL-experience` in this paper implies that learning process itself is a creating process and creating process itself is a learning process as well. Therefore, this paper is expected to have significance as a fostering plan for creative talented individuals in the future by including process of creating poems has a meaning of the learning process that composes knowledge.

생체 부분 간이식에서 수여자의 우 위대망동맥을 이용한 간동맥 문합

이승은(Seung Eun Lee),이남준(Nam-Joon Yi),서경석(Kyung-Suk Suh),권준혁(Choon Hyuk Kwon),민경원(Kyung Won Minn),이건욱(Kuhn Uk Lee) 한국간담췌외과학회 2005 한국간담췌외과학회지 Vol.9 No.2