가우스 괄호법을 이용한 유한 물점을 갖는 줌 렌즈에 대한 일반적인 수치해석적 근축광선 줌 궤적 추적

이도경,유남준,조재흥,류재명,이해진,강건모,Lee, Do-Kyung,Yoo, Nam-Jun,Jo, Jae-Heung,Ryu, Jae-Myung,Kang, Geon-Mo,Lee, Hae-Jin 한국광학회 2009 한국광학회지 Vol.20 No.3

We theoretically derive the set of general paraxial zoom locus equations for all zoom lens systems with finite object distance, including the infinite object distance case, by using the Gaussian bracket method and matrix representation of paraxial ray tracing. We make the zoom locus program by means of a numerical calculation method according to these equations in Visual Basic Language. Consequently, the solutions of this method can be consistently and flexibly used in all types of zoom lens in the step of initial design about zoom loci. Finally, in order to verify the justification and usefulness of this method, we show that two examples, such as $M_{4a}$ and $M_{4h}$ types of 4 groups, and one example, $M_{5n}$ type of 5 groups, which are very complicated zoom lens systems, can be rapidly and diversely traced through various interpolations by using this program. 가우스 괄호법을 이용하여 무한 물점을 포함한 모든 유한 물점을 대상으로 하는 모든 복잡한 줌 렌즈에서 사용가능한 일반적인 근축광선 줌 궤적 추적식을 유도하였다. 이를 Visual Basic으로 프로그램화하여 수치해석적으로 줌 궤적을 구하였다. 이 결과 이 식의 해는 물체의 거리에 관계없이 모든 종류의 줌 렌즈에서 줌 궤적에 대한 초기설계에 유연하면서 통합적으로 적용할 수 있다. 이 식의 유용성을 증명하기 위하여 $M_{4a}$와 $M_{4h}$ 형태의 4군 줌 렌즈들과 $M_{5n}$ 형태의 5군 줌 렌즈의 줌 궤적을 유한 물점에 대해서 빠르게 산출할 수 있음을 보였다.

In Vitro Evaluation of Antibacterial Activities and Anti-inflammatory Effects of Bifidobacterium spp. Addressing Acne Vulgaris

이도경,Nam Joo Ha,Mi-Jin Kim,Ji-Wook Ham,Hyang-Mi An,Min-Kyung Cha,Si-Won Lee,박철인,신선희,Kang-Oh Lee,김경제 대한약학회 2012 Archives of Pharmacal Research Vol.35 No.6

The objective of this study was to evaluate the antibacterial and anti-inflammatory effect of Bifidobacterium spp. In the first part of the study, the antibacterial activities of live and sonicated cells, from a total of 23 Bifidobacterium species, on the growth of 5 different strain of Staphylococcus aureus. Six strains, of sonicated Bifidobacterium, exhibited antibacterial activity against staphylococci samples, and seven Bifidobacterium strains exhibited antibacterial activity on the growth of S. aureus S.P.-N2. In the second part of the study, we tested the antimicrobial activity, of Bifidobacterium against Propionibacterium acne KCTC3320, using the co-culture method. The loss of P. acnes viability, caused by B. adolescentis SPM0308 and B. longum SPM1207, was 84% and 75%, respectively (*p < 0.05). In the third part of the study, the anti-inflammatory activity of B. adolescentis SPM0308 and B. longum SPM1207 were assessed; nitric oxide (NO), and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), production were tested using the murine macrophage RAW 264.7 cell line. Treatment of RAW 264.7 cells, with Bifidobacterium, decreased production of NO and TNF-α rather than LPS (100 ng/mL) treatment. The results suggest that B. adolescentis SPM0308 could be used as an effective control for P. acnes KCTC3320, and S. aureus, and reduce the risk of acne vulgaris development. We suggest that B. adolescentis SPM0308 may be a useful probiotic microorganism, for prevention of acne vulgaris, without adverse effects.

다양한 온성방법에 따른 즉시 중합 수지의 선변형에 관한 연구

이도경,Lee, Do-Kyung 대한치과기공학회 1992 대한치과기공학회지 Vol.14 No.1

This study was made to change dimension of self-curing resin by various curing technics. Specimens were fabricated 45 by 7 curing method. Six measurements(distances AB,BC,CD, AD, AC, and BD) were made of mold section and recorded with micrometer(1/20 mm). The results of the experiment were as follows : 1. The air pressure cured specimens exhibited more distoration than the bench-cured, watercured, and monomer atmosphere-cured specimens(P < 0.05). 2. The water pressure cured specimens exhibited more distoration sphere-cured specimens (P < 0.(15).

Hepatoprotective effect of Bifidobacterium adolescentis SPM0212 on carbon tetrachloride induced hepatotoxicity

이도경,박재은,김민지,이영주,서재구,하남주,김경제,Lee, Dokyung,Park, Jaeeun,Kim, Minji,Lee, Youngjoo,Seo, Jaegoo,Ha, Namjoo,Kim, Kyungjae The Microbiological Society of Korea 2015 미생물학회지 Vol.51 No.3

프로바이오틱스는 미생물 식품 보조제 또는 건강증진을 위해 전통적으로 유제품에 첨가되어온 세균의 구성요소이다. 본 연구에서는 프로바이오틱스로 이용되는 Bifidobacterium adolescentis SPM0212 균주의 간 보호효과를 평가하였으며, 이전 연구에서는 B형 간염 바이러스에 항 바이러스 활성을 나타내는 균주로 확인되었다. 본 연구는 Wistar albino 랫드를 이용하여 수행되었으며 프로바이오틱스를 연속해서 9일 동안 경구로 투여하고 7일째와 8일째에는 사염화탄소를 투여하여 급성 간 손상을 유도하였다. 간 손상 정도는 혈중 glutamate oxaloacetate transaminase (SGOT)와 glutamate pyruvate transaminase (SGPT)의 수치와 병리조직학적 시험을 통해 평가하였다. 그 결과, B. adolescentis SPM0212는 SGOT와 SGPT 수치의 증가를 유의적으로 억제하였으며, 사염화탄소가 체중과 장기무게에 미치는 부정적인 영향을 감소시켰다. 또한 병리조직학적 시험결과, 사염화탄소만 투여한 랫드의 간은 정상적인 간세포의 구조가 거의 소실된 반면에 사염화탄소와 B. adolescentis SPM0212를 투여한 랫드의 간은 아주 적은 손상과 정상적인 간세포의 구조를 가지고 있었다. 따라서 본 연구결과 B. adolescentis SPM0212 균주는 건강 유지를 위한 기능성 식품뿐만 아니라 제노바이오틱스나 B형 간염 바이러스로 부터 간을 보호하기위한 프로바이오틱스로 유용하게 사용될 수 있음을 시사한다. Probiotics are microbial food supplements or components of bacteria which have traditionally been added to dairy foods for extra health boost. Our aim was to evaluate the hepatoprotective effect of Bifidobacterium adolescentis SPM0212 as probiotics, which we previously found has potential anti-hepatitis B virus activity. The study was conducted using Wistar albino rats and probiotics were treated orally for 9 days consecutively and acute liver injury was induced by administration of carbon tetrachloride ($CCl_4$) on the 7th and 8th days. Liver damage was assessed by quantifying serum activities of glutamate oxaloacetate transaminase (SGOT) and glutamate pyruvate transaminase (SGPT), as well as by histopathological examination. B. adolescentis SPM0212 significantly prevented the elevation of SGOT and SGPT levels, and reduced the negative effect of $CCl_4$ on body and organ weights. Histopathological study revealed the livers of the carbon tetrachloride treated rats showed almost complete loss of normal hepatocyte architecture, but that rats treated with B. adolescentis SPM0212 showed minimal damage and normal hepatocyte architecture. Our results suggest that B. adolescentis SPM0212 be considered useful probiotics for protecting the liver from xenobiotics and hepatitis B virus, and as well as useful as a functional food for maintaining human health.

Probiotics with Antimicrobial Activity against Multidrug Resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Acinetobacter baumannii

이도경,김민지,강주연,박재은,신혜순,하남주,Lee, Do Kyung,Kim, Min Ji,Kang, Joo Yeon,Park, Jae Eun,Shin, Hea Soon,Ha, Nam Joo The Microbiological Society of Korea 2013 미생물학회지 Vol.49 No.3

녹농균과 아시네토박터 바우마니는 병원에서 중요한 기회감염 균주이며 대부분의 항생제에 내성이다. 다제내성 녹농균(MDRPA)과 아시네토박터 바우마니(MDRAB)는 심각한 원내 감염을 일으키고 메티실린 내성 황색포도상구균(MRSA) 보다 치료가 어렵다. 비피도박테리아는 많은 유익한 프로바이틱스 중 하나로 그들의 항균활성에 대한 많은 연구가 이루어져 왔다. 본 연구에서는 한국인으로부터 분리한 비피도박테리움 속 균주들의 MDRPA와 MDRAB에 대한 항균활성을 조사하였다. 시프로플록사신, 토브라마이신, 겐타마이신, 메로페넴과 세프타지딤에 내성을 보이는 MDRPA와 MDRAB에 대한 비피도박테리움 속 균주들의 항균활성은 흡광도를 이용한 액체배지희석법에 의해 측정되었다. 모든 비피도박테리아 분리균주(비피도박테리움 어돌레센티스 9균주, 비피도박테리움 롱검 3균주와 비피도박테리움 슈도카테눌라툼 2균주) 중 비피도박테리움 슈도카테눌라툼 SPM1309의 배양 상등액은 MDRPA와 MDRAB에 대한 강한 증식 억제 효과를 보여주었다. 배양 시간 동안 혼합액의 탁도는 변화되지 않았으며, 이 억제 효과는 정균 작용이었다. 게다가 항균활성은 분자량 10 kDa 미만의 분획물에서 나타났으며, $70^{\circ}C$에서 10분간 열처리 한 후에서 항균활성이 유지되었기 때문에 활성물질은 열에 안정하였다. 본 연구결과는 MDRPA와 MDRAB 감염증의 대체치료법을 위한 비피도박테리움 슈토카테눌라툼 SPM1309의 잠재적인 가능성을 보여준다. Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Acinetobacter baumannii are significant opportunistic pathogens in hospitals and are resistant to most antibiotics. Multidrug-resistant P. aeruginosa (MDRPA) and A. baumannii (MDRAB) cause severe human nosocomial infections and are more difficult to treat than methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA). Bifidobacteria are among of the most beneficial probiotics and have been widely studied for their antimicrobial activities. The present study explored the antimicrobial activity of Bifidobacterium sp. isolated from healthy Koreans against MDRPA and MDRAB. The antimicrobial activity of the isolates against MDRPA and MDRAB, which are resistant to ciprofloxacin, tobramycin, gentamicin, meropenem, and ceftazidime, was determined by modified broth microdilution methods using absorbance. Among all tested bifidobacteria isolates (nine B. adolescentis, three B. longum, and two B. pseudocatenulatum), the culture supernatant of B. pseudocatenulatum SPM1309 showed a strong growth inhibitory effect against MDRPA and MDRAB. No change in the turbidity of the mixture was observed during incubation, and its inhibitory effect occurred through bacteriostastic action. Moreover, the antibacterial activity was observed in the fraction with molecular weights <10 kDa of bifidobacteria culture supernatant, and the active fraction was heat-stable because it maintained its activity when heated at $70^{\circ}C$ for 10 min. The results suggest that this Bifidobacterium strain could have potential applications for alternative therapy in MDRPA and MDRAB infections.

건강에 영향을 주는 주변환경의 미생물 오염 실태 및 항생제 내성

이도경,박재은,김경태,장대호,송영천,하남주,Lee, Do Kyung,Park, Jae Eun,Kim, Kyung Tae,Jang, Dai Ho,Song, Young Cheon,Ha, Nam Joo 한국미생물학회 2014 미생물학회지 Vol.50 No.2

지역사회 획득 항생제 내성 세균은 전 세계에서 새로운 문제로 대두되고 있다. 특히 한국에서 항생제 내성 세균의 발생빈도는 다른 선진국들보다 높다. 본 연구에서는 서울지역의 다양한 주변 환경(가정집, 대학교, 대중교통, 소지품 등)으로부터 methicillin-resistant staphylococci (MRS), Pseudomonas, 그리고 대장균군(Enterobacteriaceae)의 분리율을 조사하였으며, 검출된 대장균군(Enterobacteriaceae)을 대상으로 신 항생제를 포함한 한국의 임상에서 널리 쓰이는 13종의 항생제에 대한 내성정도를 파악하였다. 총 239건의 시료에서 18건(7.5%)의 MRS, 10건(4.2%)의 Pseudomonas, 그리고 30건(12.6%)의 대장균군(Enterobacteriaceae)이 분리되었다. 또한 가정집에서 2건, 대학교에서 1건, 그리고 기타(공원 의자와 빌딩 문손잡이)에서 2건, 총 5건(2.1%)의 시료에서 메티실린 내성 황색포도상구균(methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus, MRSA)이 검출되었으며, 대장균(Escherichia coli)은 가정에서 1건, 대중교통에서 3건, 그리고 기타(음식점 정수기 본체 상단)에서 1건, 총 5건(2.1%)의 시료에서 검출되었다. 분리된 대장균군(Enterobacteriaceae) 32균주에 대한 항생제 내성률은, cephalosporin 계열과 fluoroquinolone 계열에서 각각 71.9%, carbapenem 계열과 ${\beta}$-lactam 계열에서 각각 68.8%까지 나타났으며, tetracycline 계열과 aminoglycoside 계열에서는 각각 50.0%와 25.0%까지 내성을 나타냈다. 또한 trimethoprim/ sulfamethoxazole에 대한 내성률은 43.8%로 나타났다. 심지어 신 항생제인 tigecycline에 대한 내성률도 59.4%로 나타났으며, 시험한 모든 항생제에 내성을 나타내는 균주도 3건이나 검출되었다. 그리고 분리된 총 5균주의 대장균(E. coli)은 대부분의 시험 항생제에 내성을 나타냈으나, 일부는 ciprofloxacin과 gentamicin에 감수성을 보였다. 본 연구는 향후 주변환경의 항생제 내성 수준의 변화를 비교하기 위한 기초 자료를 제공하며, 이들 내성균의 발생과 확산 방지에 대한 다각적인 노력과 대책 마련이 필요함을 보여준다. Community-acquired antimicrobial resistant bacteria are an emerging problem world-wide. In Korea, resistant bacteria are more prevalent than in other industrialized countries. The aim of this study was to investigate the isolation frequency of methicillin-resistant staphylococci (MRS), Pseudomonas, and Enterobacteriaceae from surrounding environment (home, colleges, public transportation system and possessions) in Seoul, and to examine the level of drug resistance to 13 antimicrobial agents, which are in wide spread clinical use in Korea, as well as new agent, tigecycline in Enterobacteriaceae isolates. Of total 239 samples, 18 (7.5%) MRS, 10 (4.2%) Pseudomonas, and 30 (12.6%) Entarobacteriaceae were isolated. A total of 5 (2.1%) methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA) were detected in home (2 samples), colleges (1 sample), and et cetera (2 sample). A total of 5 (2.1%) Escherichia coli were detected in in home (1 samples), public transportations (3 sample), and et cetera (1 sample). Resistance to cephalosporins, fluoroquinolones, carbapenems, ${\beta}$-lactams, tetracyclines, and aminoglycosides was found in 71.9%, 71.9%, 68.8%, 68.8%, 50.0%, and 25.0% of 32 Enterobacteriaceae isolates, respectively. Also, resistance rate to trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole of the isolates was a 43.8%. Moreover, 59.4% of the isolates were resistant to new agent, tigecycline and resistance to all agents tested was observed in 3 isolates. Five E. coli isolates were resistant to most of the agents tested, but some of them were susceptible to ciprofloxacin and gentamicin. This study can serve as a data point for future comparisons of possible changes in antibiotic resistance levels in surrounding environment. And multilateral strategies for preventing the incidence and spread of antibiotic resistance are needed.

향신료와 프로폴리스에 대한 한국형 유산균의 안정성

이도경,박재은,김경태,도명진,정명준,이과수,김진응,하남주,Lee, Do Kyung,Park, Jae Eun,Kim, Kyung Tae,Do, Myung Jin,Chung, Myung Jun,Lee, Gwa Soo,Kim, Jin Eung,Ha, Nam Joo 한국미생물학회 2014 미생물학회지 Vol.50 No.3

건강에 유익한 작용을 하는 프로바이오틱스는 까다로운 미생물로 다양한 환경조건에 매우 민감하여, 이들의 생존율은 항생제, 노화, 스트레스와 식이 등과 같은 요인들에 크게 영향을 받는다. 이에 본 연구에서는 한국 식단에서 많이 이용되고 있는 항균활성이 있는 각종 향신료(마늘, 생강, 파, 양파, 청양고추, 홍고추)와 프로폴리스가 한국인의 장에서 분리한 유산균주의 생존율에 미치는 영향을 조사하였다. 그 결과 대부분의 한국형 유산균주들은 모든 향신료와 프로폴리스에 저항성을 나타냈으며, 심지어 일부 한국형 유산균주(Bifidobacterium lactis, Lactobacillus acidophilus, Lactobacillus casei, Lactobacillus rhamnosus, Streptococcus thermophiles)는 특정 향신료 또는 프로폴리스에 의해 증식률이 증가하였다. 하지만 이와 다르게 대부분의 외래종 유산균주는 다양한 향신료와 프로폴리스에 의해 증식률이 감소 하였으며, 일부 외래종 유산균주(L. helveticus, S. thermophiles)는 특정 향신료에 의해 증식률이 크게 감소 하였다. 마찬가지로 각 향신료와 프로폴리스가 한국형 유산균주만 사용하여 제조된 프로바이오틱스 제품과 외래종 유산균주가 사용된 해외 프로바이오틱스 제품에 미치는 영향을 조사한 결과 한국형 프로바이오틱스 제품은 모두 큰 영향을 받지 않았다. 하지만 해외 프로바이오틱스 제품은 마늘, 양파, 파, 프로폴리스에 의해 크게 감소하는 경향을 나타냈다. 따라서 본 연구결과, 한국인의 장에서 분리한 유산균은 대체적으로 항균활성이 있는 각종 향신료에 저항성을 가지는 생존력이 강한 균주로 판단되며, 한국인의 장에 적합한 유산균으로 사료된다. their survival rates could be affected by various factors such as diet, stress, senescence, and antibiotics. This study was performed to evaluate the influence of various spices (garlic, ginger, scallion, onion, Chungyang red pepper, and red pepper) which have antimicrobial properties and used frequently in Korean diet, and propolis on probiotics isolated from Koreans. As a result, most Korean probiotic strains were resistant to all spices tested and propolis, and the growth rates of some Korean probiotic strains (Bifidobacterium lactis, Lactobacillus acidophilus, Lactobacillus casei, Lactobacillus rhamnosus, Streptococcus thermophiles) were even increased by specific spices or propolis. But on the other hand, the growth rates of most of european probiotic strains were reduced by various spices or propolis, and the growth rates of a few european probiotic strains (L. helveticus, S. thermophiles) were greatly decreased in the presence of specific spices. Likewise, all commercial probiotic products including Korean probiotic strains were rarely affected by spices tested. However, european probiotic product tended to be greatly reduced by garlic, onion, scallion, and propolis. Therefore, these results indicate that probiotic strains isolated from Korean have the strong viability and resistance to various spices with antimicrobial properties, so that they might be appropriate for Korean intestine.

치과기공과 교수방법의 효율화를 위한 방안

이도경,Lee, Do-Kyeng 대한치과기공학회 1986 대한치과기공학회지 Vol.8 No.1

This treatise suggests the effective method for the dental laboratory technology teaching plan. It will present concrete practical steps for and audio-visual dental laboratory technology education approach. It will also help students to understand the dental laboratory theory and practice learned in the class and make use of it greatly in the field work. As follows: 1. Instructor should teach interestingly basic dental laboratory technology theory with illustrations and figures on the teaching method. 2. In practical traing class, instructor should teach every step, using audio-visual materials such as slides and video tapes/Instructor and his assist and should show an example to the students. 3. Instructor should make a standard and train the studtnes repeatedly until they come up to it. 4. Students should be skilled in every case through field work during their spare time and vacation. 5. Instructor should also teach job moral and manner to the students so that they can be adapted themselves to the social activities and be successful dental laboratory technician after graduation.

치과기공사의 자각피로도에 관한 연구조사

이도경,Lee, Do-Gyeong 대한치과기공학회 1989 대한치과기공학회지 Vol.11 No.1

The study was made to clarify the degree of fatigue of dental technicians in service at the general &local hospital or the dental laboratories in the large cith of korea. The objectives of this study were 235 dental technicians who replied the questionaire which was sent by postal service out of 600 dental technicians selected by random sampling among the workers of the each dental laboratory. The instruments used in this study was the same one as developed by Industry Fatigue committee of Japan Industry Hygiene Association. This instrument was included total 30 items which is consisted of 10 perceived symptoms of fatigue in physical, mental and neuro-sensory dimension respectably. Reliability was tasted with the data of objectives, in which value of Cronbach's $\alpha$ was 9457. The following results were obtained. 1. It was revealed that the influencing demographic variables on the perceived symptoms of fatigue of dental technicians were sex, age, marital status, educational background, job carrier, working part, working hour and commuting hour. The shorted the age or job carrier, thge higher dearee of the perceived symptoms of fatigue. The longer working hours of commuting hours, the higher degree of the perceived symptoms of fatigue. The degree of the perceived symptoms of fatigue in females, unmarried person, the one with higher educational background, workers except orthodontic appliances and poorcelain contouring were higher than the other group. 2. The higher degree of the rest & leisure condition, the lower degree of the physical, mental and neuro-sensory perceived symptoms. 3. The higher degree of environmental condition of the working, the lower degree of the physical, mental and neurosensory perceived symptoms.

행인(杏仁)이 전립선 암세포의 Bax, Bcl-2 및 Caspase-3에 미치는 영향

이도경,김연섭,김도훈,Lee, Do-Kyung,Kim, Youn-Sub,Kim, Do-Hoon 대한한방안이비인후피부과학회 2016 한방안이비인후피부과학회지 Vol.29 No.3

Prostate cancer is one of the most common non-skin cancers in men. Armeniacae Amarum Semen has traditionally been used for the treatment of inflammation diseases, leprosy, leucoderma, and tumors. Apoptosis, which is also known as programmed cell death, is an important mechanism in cancer treatment.Objectives : We observed whether an aqueous extract of Armeniacae Amarum Semen induces apoptotic cell death in human DU145 prostate cancer cells.Methods : We treated DU145 cells with Armeniacae Amarum Semen extract and investigated characteristics of apoptosis. And investigated whether treated with Armeniacae Amarum Semen extract increased Bax mRNA expression, Bcl-2 mRNA expression, caspase-3 enzyme activity and their protein level.Results : We have shown that Armeniacae Amarum Semen extract can induce apoptotic cell death in human DU145 prostate cancer cells by caspase-3 activation through the down-regulation on Bcl-2 expression and the up-regulation on Bax expression.Conclusions : It can be expected that an aqueous extract of Armeniacae Amarum Semen may offer a valuable means for the treatment of prostate cancers.