온라인 정보검색과 음식점 입지에 나타나는 변화: 서울시를 사례로

이금숙,박소현,신혜영,Lee, Keumsook,Park, Sohyun,Shin, Hyeyoung 한국경제지리학회 2020 한국경제지리학회지 Vol.23 No.1

정보통신기술의 발달로 온라인 정보검색과 사회연결망을 통한 정보 교류가 빈번해지면서 오프라인 공간에서 교통망으로 주어지는 물리적 접근성을 근간으로 구축된 기존의 입지이론으로는 설명할 수 없는 상업 입지의 양상이 전개되고 있다. 본 연구는 도시민의 일상생활과 밀접하게 연관된 생활밀접형 업종 중 음식점을 대상으로 스마트폰 출시 이후 지난 10여 년 동안 서울시 소재 음식점 입지의 분포 변화와 입지 영향 요인을 실증 분석한다. 특히 SNS상에서 맛집 검색 등 온라인 검색 활동과 음식점 입지와의 관계도 파악한다. 이를 위하여 개업, 폐업, 영업 중인 음식점 입지의 커널밀도 및 모란지수를 측정하여 음식점 분포의 군집성과 군집 양상의 변화 추이를 살펴보고, 최적의 공간회귀모형을 추정하여 음식점 입지에 영향을 미치는 온·오프라인 속성을 파악한다. 본 연구의 분석 결과는 소비자의 장소 선택 의사 결정 과정에 있어 장소에 대한 정보검색 과정이 더해지는 초연결사회에서 음식점 입지를 계획하고 관련 정책을 수립하는 데 있어 중요한 기초자료가 될 것이다. This study identifies the impact of social network service (SNS) on the spatial characteristics of retail stores locations in the hyper-connected society, which have been closely related to the everyday lives of urban residents. In particular, we focus on the changes in the spatial distribution of restaurants since the information retrieval process was added to the decision-making process of a consumer's restaurant selection. Empirically, we analyze restaurants in Seoul, Korea since the smart-phone was introduced. By applying the kernel density estimation and Moran's I index, we examine the changes in the spatial distribution pattern of restaurants during the last ten years for running, newly-open and closed restaurants as well as SNS popular ones. Finally, we develop a spatial regression model to identify geographic features affecting their locations. As the results, we identified geographical variables and online factors that influence the location of restaurants. The results of this study could provide important groundwork for food and beverage location planning and policy formulation.

의료서비스시설 입지문제

이금숙(Lee Keumsook) 한국경제지리학회 1998 한국경제지리학회지 Vol.1 No.2

Health has been seen as a resource necessary for both maintaining oneself and for living in a society pursuing high quality of life. Therefore, the medicare provision takes place of one of the most significant indexes for evaluating the regional welfare level. The purpose of this study is to investigate the locational characteristics of medicare service facilities. For the purpose, the distribution patterns of the medicare resources are analyzed both at the regional and local scales. The medicare resources are concentrated at the Metropolitan Seoul area in the regional scale, and they are also concentrated at the economic core areas in the local scale. Especially, higher level medicare resources, such as the general hospitals and medical specialists, show more concentration at the economic core areas than lower level services. This means that access to opportunities to receive higher level medicare is poorer in a more socially disadvantaged area. Since medicare service facilities are invested and operated by both private and public sectors, whose locational mechanisms are deferent, we analyzed the distribution patterns. Most medicare facilities are invested and managed by private sector in Korea, which is operated by market mechanism. This is related with the fact that the medicare facilities are concentrated at the economic core areas. The proportion of private sector is higher in the Metropolitan Seoul area, and thus this region shows stronger spatial disparity of medicare provision. In general, the medicare service facilities are located in the hierarchical structure, and thus the services levels and facility scales are differentiated by the hierarchy. We examined the hierarchical structure in the medicare service facilities in Korea. The referral medicare system has been applied with the assumption of the three level hierarchical structures in Korea. However, we could not find any distinct hierarchical structure in the scales of the medical service facilities.

수도권 광역도시철도 하루 시간대별 이용 빈도에 의해 구분된 역 집단과 통행자의 통행 연쇄 패턴 간 관계

이금숙(Keumsook Lee),박종수(Jong Soo Park),김호성(Ho Sung Kim),조창현(Chang-Hyeon Joh) 대한지리학회 2010 대한지리학회지 Vol.45 No.5

본 연구는 수도권 광역도시철도 이용에서의 통행 연쇄 패턴으로 구분한 이용자 집단 특성과 총 이용 빈도 및 시간대 별 이용빈도로 구분한 역 집단 특성 간의 관계를 분석함으로써 수도권 광역도시철도 역 이용의 일반 특성을 규명하였다. 이를 위해 2005년도 6월 하루 동안 수도권 광역도시철도 전체 357개 역을 이용한 274만여 명의 역 이용자를 11개 통행 연쇄 패턴으로 구분하고, 이 중 2통행 수 이하의 단순 통행 5개 패턴에 해당하는 240만여 명의 통행 자료를 분석하였다. 분석 결과 이용객 수 및 시간대 별 출발 및 도착 비율에 근거하여 4개의 역 집단 구분이 가능하였으며, 특히 역 집단 간에는 계층적 구조가 존재함을 알 수 있었다. 또한 하루 동안의 역 이용 빈도가 역 집단 별로 일관된 차이를 보이는 것은 모든 이용자 집단에 있어 동일하나, 시간대 별 이용 비율은 역 이용자의 최초 통행의 도착역이 최종 통행의 출발역과 같은가 여부, 최초 통행의 출발역이 최종 통행의 도착역과 같은가 여부 등에 따라 달라짐을 알 수 있었다. This study investigates the diurnal pattern of transit ridership in the Metropolitan Seoul area. For the purpose, we use a weekday Smart Card passenger transaction data in 2005. Eleven passenger trip patterns are found from 2.74 million passengers moving on the Metropolitan Seoul Metro system. Among them, we analyze 2.4 million passengers blonging to five trip types having only one or two transaction record during a day. A total of 357 metro stations are classified to four types according to their diurnal pattern of passenger riderships. We analyze the relationships between passenger’s trip chain patterns and subway station’s diurnal transit ridership patterns. The result shows that the ratio of the number of passengers of particular time of the day is hierarchically related with trip chain patterns.

지하철 접근성 증가의 공간적 파급효과 산출모형 개발

이금숙(Lee Keumsook) 한국경제지리학회 1998 한국경제지리학회지 Vol.1 No.1

It is likely that the spatial structure of the intraurban accessibility as well as the accessibility value of each of the nodes in the subway network is affected by the addition of new linkages. The changes in the accessibility at individual nodes also affect the accessibility in the surrounding areas at some distances away from the nodes. Graph-theoretic algorithms have been developed as a proper measurement scheme for the nodal accessibility in tracked transport networks such as subway networks. However, the graph-theoretic measurement have limitations to estimate the spatial diffusion effect on the surrounding areas. This study proposes a new model for the spatial diffusion effect estimation of nodal accessibility increment in the subway network toward the surrounding areas. Since the distance decay trend of subway station use reflect the spatial diffusion effect of the accessibility of the subway station toward the surrounding area. The model is deduced from the subway station use density function which is formulated by the questionnaire survey data.

COVID-19 확산에 따른 사회적 거리두기 동안 나타나는 서울시 지하철 통행 변화와 역 배후지역의 지리적 특성

이금숙 ( Keumsook Lee ),박소현 ( Sohyun Park ),함유희 ( Yuhee Ham ) 한국경제지리학회 2021 한국경제지리학회지 Vol.24 No.2

본 연구는 서울지역 COVID-19 확진자의 증가와 지하철 통행의 감소 변화에서 나타나는 특징을 파악하고, 이들 간의 상관관계에 근거하여 추출한 주성분을 바탕으로 지하철역을 군집 분류하고 군집별 특성을 분석하였다. 특히 COVID-19 확산 이전인 2019년부터 사회적 거리두기가 지속된 2020년까지 서울 지하철역별 시간대별, 주별, 월별 지하철 통행의 변화 패턴을 살펴보고, 통행 증가형과 감소형 역으로 구분한 후 감소형 중 상위 10분위에 해당하는 역, 하위 10분위에 해당하는 역의 인구 및 토지이용 특성을 파악하였다. 분석 결과, COVID-19 확진과 지하철 통행은 서로 부(-)의 상관관계를 나타냈고, 지하철 통행과 역 배후지 토지이용 특성에 따라 서울 지하철체계를 구성하는 역들은 6개 유형으로 군집화되었다. 통행 감소 상위 10분위에 속하는 역은 낮 시간대 선택 통행의 분포가 높고, 역 배후지는 상업용 및 문화, 교육과 사회활동 관련 토지이용이 상대적으로 높아 향후 전염병 종료에 따른 지역 회복성도 매우 탄력적으로 반응할 것으로 전망된다. This study identifies the characteristics of changes in the subway passengers and the number of COVID-19 confirmed cases in Seoul. We classify subway stations by applying the principal components extracted based on the correlation between them, and analyzed the passenger traffics and geographical characteristics of each cluster. We extract the “top decile” and “lowest decile” stations among the subway stations that the number of subway passengers have decreased in 2020 compared to 2019, and then examine the population and land use characteristics of station areas both station groups. As the result of cluster analysis according to principal component scores, we obtain 6 cluster types. Subway stations belong to the top deciles which have shown the larger decrease in the passenger traffics tend to more sensitive to COVID-19 shocks. Stations belonging to the top tenth percentile of reduced traffic have a high distribution of daytime traffic, and the hinterland of the station has relatively high land use related to commercial and cultural, religious, and social activities. Therefore, it is expected that the regional resilience around subway stations will also show differences in degree by type.

화물 수송 수요 예측을 위한 혼합 회귀 모형

이금숙(Keumsook Lee),백호종(Hojong Baik) 성신여자대학교 한국지리연구소 1990 應用地理 Vol.- No.13

스마트매체와 결합된 일상 활동장소 정보를 이용한 도시 이동성 변화

이금숙(Keumsook Lee),박소현(So Hyun Park) 대한지리학회 2018 대한지리학회지 Vol.53 No.5

본 연구에서는 도시민의 일상생활이 정보통신기술과 결합되면서 나타나는 도시 이동성의 변화를 파악한다. 특히 정보화의 영향이 클 것으로 예상되는 서울시를 사례로 도시 이동성이 반영되는 도시민의 일상생활 과정에 방문하게 되는 활동장소 및 장소이동을 위한 교통이용행태의 시간적 변화를 분석한다. 이를 위하여 도시민이 일상생활 중 접하는 미디어의 이용행태 정보를 획득할 수 있는 미디어패널조사의 2011-2017년 다이어리데이터를 활용한다. 도시민의 일상생활의 활동장소는 거주지, 오피스, 상업시설과 장소이동을 담당하는 교통으로 구분하고 하루 15분 단위 시간 축을 따라 각 활동장소에 머무는 인구율에 나타나는 동적 특성의 변화를 분석한다. 또한 활동장소와 스마트매체 사용 간의 관계 변화를 대응분석 결과의 포지셔닝 맵의 위치 변화를 통해 파악하고, 특히 활동장소 중 교통공간은 개인교통, 대중교통, 환승 및 대기 공간으로 구분하여 스마트매체 이용행태의 변화를 파악한다. This study aims to catch hold of the changes in the urban mobility due to the integration of everyday urban life with smart media. In particular, we investigate the dynamic characteristics of urbanites’ traveling behavior among activity places for their every day lives in Seoul. For the purpose we analyze the last 7 years Media Panel diary data reporting what do they with which media at where(activity place) per every fifteen minutes during three days per year. We categorize activity places to four groups(residence, work, commerce, transportation), and then calculate the ratio of population staying at each activity place along the daily time axis for seen years. The results show significant changes in the ratios during the period as well as the peak times and the coefficient of variations. By utilizing correspondence analysis, we also examine the relationships between activity places and smart media use. The result reveals significant association transportation and commercial place with smart phone, and also their relationships have gotten stronger. We observe significant enhancement in the urban mobility in Seoul during the last 7 years.

Subway Network Expansion and Spatial Restructuring of Accessibility in Seoul

이금숙(Keumsook Lee) 한국지역학회 1995 지역연구 Vol.11 No.2

Changes in transport are reflected in the accessibility of a place, which is denoted as the inherent advantageous characteristic of a place with respect to overcoming spatial friction, and affect the land use ultimately. A composite accessibility measurement scheme is developed and applied to the subway network in Seoul, which has been expanded at several pheses since it has been constructed in 1972. Changes in the transport network are reflected in the spatial structure of accessibility and affect ultimately the land use pattern. Therefore, it is of relevance to examine the changes in the spatial structure of accessibility, which allows to forecast the direction of changes in the land use pattern.

수요 변화에 따른 영화 상영관 입지의 공간적 재구조화

이금숙(KeumSook Lee) 한국지역학회 1993 지역연구 Vol.9 No.2

The purpose of this study is to analyze the restructuring processes of the locations of service industry whose demand has been decreased rapidly. The demand of movie theater has been change dramatically during the last three decades. The spatial distribution patterns of movie theaters have been changed according to the changes in the demand. In order to investigate the locational charateristics of movie theaters, in seoul we surveyed the consumer`s behavior. We focused on the study to examine the relationships between the locations of movie theaters and transportation development. Especially, We look at the impacts of the development of subway networks on the locations of movie theaters in Seoul. The development of subway networks has played a very important role in the spatial structure of movie theaters location. The hierarchical structures of movie theaters have also changed. Inspite of declining in the demand for movie theater, the number of first-run movie theaters has been increased continuously. The number of second-run movie theaters has been decreased dramatically. Some of them has been upgraded to first-run theater and some of them has been smallized. But, most of them have been closed. An the other hand the quality of movie theater facilities tends to be higher, while the sizes of movie theaters tends to be smallized.

서울시 쓰레기 소각장 입지에 관한 연구

이금숙(Keumsook Lee),이희연(Hee Yeon Lee) 한국지역학회 1998 지역연구 Vol.14 No.1

Waste disposal problem is one of the most important social welfare indicators in urban area, because the volume of waste generated from urban area is remarkable. So far most waste of Seoul has been disposed at landfills. However, this landfill disposal method is confronted with several difficulties in recent. As public concern on environmental problem increases and autonomy system is settled down, local community people of the landfills refuse to receive the waste produced other places any more. It brought regional confliction problem between waste sending and receiving regions by refusing to accept waste from certain region. Furthermore, it is difficult to find another place to fill up the waste, while the existing landfiis is reached at the limit in the near future. In terms of environmental aspects landfill method is not the best way to dispose waste. It contaminates the soil and ground/underground water by leaking water containing many serious pollutants as well as offensive odor. In terms of equity, this waste disposal method is not fair. Environmental pollution causes damage to residence near to the landfills, while the waste produced other places. In order to satisfy the equity aspect, the waste generated a region should be disposed within the region. Incineration of Waste has been provided as the alternative. Government plans to construct waste incinerator in every anatomy, so the waste produced by local community is disposed within their local autonomous area. However, the location decision is not easy, since waste incinerator is one of the facilities facilities to the community people. We can not apply the existing location models for this problem, because they show strong NIMBY phenomenon for the location. The location of waste incinerator should be determined very carefully with consideration of various location factors and criteria. This study proposes a methodology for determining the location of the waste incinerators by utilizing GIS, which is a power research tool for location decision where various geographical factors related. We drive the location factors which should be considered in the determination of waste incinerators. They involve environmental, socio-economic, and institutional factors. In first, we eliminate the area which is located within the environmental location criteria such as slope, fault line, distance to river, and then eliminate ares which is conflict with the social and institutional criteria.