전전두피질과 정신분열병

정영철,은홍배,Chung, Young-Chul,Eun, Hong-Bae 대한생물정신의학회 1998 생물정신의학 Vol.5 No.2

With a rapid development of neuroscience, the theories related to the pathophysiology of schizophrenia have been changed a lot from a simple hyperdopaminergic one to the various complicated ones. Among these, the theories regarding prefrontal cortex(PFC) pathology as a cause of schizophrenia are gaining more recognition as the results of neuroimaging and neuropsychological tests in schizophrenia consistently report abnormalities in PFC. Therefore, we first reviewed the unique characteristics of PFC in anatomy, neurochemistry and neurophysiology to enhance an understanding of those ones. Secondly, various neurotransmitter, neurodevelopmental and neural network theories of schizophrenia introduced recently were reviewed in terms of PFC pathology.

공황장애의 수면과 야간 공황발작

하주원,은홍배,임세원,Ha, Ju-Won,Eun, Hong-Bae,Lim, Se-Won 대한수면의학회 2011 수면·정신생리 Vol.18 No.2

Sleep disturbance is a one of common complaints among patients with panic disorder. However, clinicians and researchers did not give much attention to the sleep symptoms of panic disorder yet. Several previous studies suggested that the sleep disturbance in panic disorder is mediated by nocturnal panic attack. In terms of the pathophysiology of panic disorder, nocturnal panic attack seems to be closely associated with the sleep problems in panic disorder. In this article, the authors reviewed various previous studies about sleep of panic disorder and intended to give importance of evaluating sleep disturbances and nocturnal panic attack in panic disorder for both clinical and research purpose.

Influences of Electrolytes on the Action of Morphine and Naloxone in Guinea-pig Ileum

권용춘,은홍배,조규박,Kwon, Yong-Chon,Eun, Hong-Bae,Cho, Kyu-Park The Korean Society of Pharmacology 1983 대한약리학잡지 Vol.19 No.2

The influence of electrolyte concentrations on the action of morphine and naloxone was studied in the myenteric plexus-longitudinal muscle preparation of guinea-pig ileum to examine whether opiate receptor binding obseved in vitro with homogenates represents binding to the pharmacological receptor. The preparations were suspended in a modified Krebs-Henseleit bicarbonate buffer solution and electrically stimulated at 0.2 Hz. Morphine inhibited electrically evoked contractions; the concentration of morphine required for a 50-percent inhibition was 190 nM. This inhibitory action of morphine was potentiated in a medium containing lower concentrations of : $Na^+\;or\;K^+$, or by the addition of $Mn^{2+}$ to the medium, and weakened by increasing the concentration of $Ca^{2+}$ or decreasing the concentration of $Mg^{2+}$. Naloxone antagonized these actions of morphine: however, $pA_2values$ for naloxone (indices of affinity for antagonists, approximately 8.8) were unaffected by these electrolyte concentrations. Thus, changes in the inhibitory action of morphine caused by alterations in electrolyte concentrations are probably not the result of changes in the affinity of the receptor for opiates, but due to alterations in the events which precede or follow the receptor binding. Effects of electrolytes on the affinity of the functional opiate receptor for naloxone in guinea-pig ileum are apparently different from those reported with the specific binding sites for opiates in brain homogenate. Guinea-Pig의 myenteric plexus-longitudinal muscle preparation에서 morphine과 naloxone 효과(效果)에 미치는 전해질(電解質)의 영향(影響)을 관찰(觀察)하였다. 표본(標本)은 Krebs-Henseleit bicarbonate tufter solution 으로 채운 organ bath에 현수(懸垂)하고 0.2Hz로 전기자극(電氣刺戟)하였다. Morphine은 전기자극(電氣刺戟)에 의(依)한 근편수축(筋片收縮)을 억제(抑制)하였으며, 이때 $ID_{30}$은 약(約) 190nM이었다. 이와같은 morphine의 억제작용(抑制作用)은 bath내(內) $Na^+$ 또는 $K+$ 농도(濃度)를 감소(減少)시키거나 $Mg^{2+}$을 가(加)하면 강화(强化)되었으며, $Ca^{2+}$ 농도(濃度)를 증가(增加)시키거나 $Mg^{2+}$를 농도(濃度)를 감소(減少)시키면 약화(弱化)되었다. Naloxone은 morphine의 작용(作用)을 억제(抑制)하였으며, 이때 naloxone에 대(對)한 affinity index인 $pA_2$ value는 약(約) 8.8이었고 that내(內) 전해질(電解質) 농도(濃度)를 변동(變動)시켜도 영향(影響)받지 않았다. 이 성적(成積)은 전해질(電解質) 변동(變動)으로 인(因)한 morphine의 작용변동(作用變動)은 전해질(電解質)이 opiate receptor의 affinity를 변동(變動)시킨다는 opiate-receptor binding실험(實驗)에서와는 달리 전해질(電解質) 변동(變動)에 의(依)한 functional opiate receptor의 affinity 변동(變動)에 의(依)한 것이 아님을 시사(示唆)한다.

Effect of Pretreatment of (-)-3-PPP on the Haloperidol-Induced Extracellular Dopamine Concentrations in the Nucleus Accumbens of Rats

정영철,은홍배,황익근,박태원,Chung, Young-Chul,Eun, Hong-Bae,Hwang, Ik-Keun,Park, Tae-Won The Korean Society of Biological Psychiatry 2001 생물정신의학 Vol.8 No.1

Objectives : To investigate the effects of (-)-3-PPP(0.5, 2, and 10mg/kg, s.c.) and haloperidol(0.1, 0.5, and 2mg/kg, s.c.) on the extracellular dopamine concentrations, and the effect of pretreatment with (-)-3-PPP(2mg/kg) on the haloperidol(2mg/kg)-induced extracellular dopamine concentrations in the nucleus accumbens(NAS) of free moving rats. Methods : Dopamine levels in dialysate were determined with high pressure liquid chromatography(HPLC) with electrochemical detection(ECD). Results : (1)(-)-3-PPP had dual actions depending on the doses: at 2mg/kg, it decreased and at 10mg/kg, increased extracellular dopamine concentrations ; (2) haloperidol at all doses increased dopamine levels with higher dose having a greater increase; and (3) pretreatment of (-)-3-PPP reduced the increase in dopamine levels elicited by acute treatment with haloperidol. Conclusions : These findings suggest that pretreatment of (-)-3-PPP in low dose could accelerate the onset of therapeutic effect of haloperidol by diminishing the haloperidol-induced dopamine release in the limbic system.

종합병원 간호사의 소진개선을 위한 소시오드라마의 활용

신은희,정현강,은홍배,정경희,임세원,Shin, Eun-Hee,Jung, Hyun-Gang,Eun, Hong-Bae,Jung, Kyung-Hee,Lim, Se-Won 한국정신신체의학회 2009 정신신체의학 Vol.17 No.2

연구목적 : 집단 치료 방법 중의 하나인 소시오드라마가 종합병원의료종사자의 직무 만족도와 소진정도를 개선할 수 있는지와 직종 및 직종 내의 갈등, 직무만족도, 그리고 소진정도의 관계를 알아보고자 본 연구를 수행하였다. 방법 : 종합병원에 근무하는 간호사 20명에게 정신과 전문의가 소시오드라마에 참여를 권유하여 동의한 15명을 대상으로 하였다. 소시오드라마 시행 1주후 병동조직특성척도(ward organizational feature scale)과 소진척도(Maslach burnout inventory)를 작성하게 하였다. 대조군으로는 소시오드라마 시행군과 동일병동에 근무하는 간호사들 중 소시오드라마에 참여하지 않았던 20명에게 동일한 척도를 시행하기를 권유하였으며 17명이 척도를 완성하였다. 결과 : 소시오드라마 시행군(N=15)은 대조군(N=17)에 비해 소진정도가 유의하게 낮았다. 간호사/의사관계와 직무만족도 및 소진정도와 유의한 상관관계를 보였으나 회귀분석을 통해 변인간 상호작용을 통제하였을 때에는 직무만족도만이 소진에 대한 유의한 예측변인이였다. 결론 : 본 연구의 결과는 종합병원 간호사의 소진정도를 개선하는데 있어 소시오드라마의 시행이 긍정적인 효과를 가질 수 있을 가능성을 제시한다. 향후 본 연구의 제한점을 개선한 추가연구가 필요하다. Objectives : The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of sociodrama for reducing burnout among health care workers and to investigate relationship between the job satisfaction, conflict with other professions, and burnout. Methods:15 nurses in general hospital participated in sociodrama directed by psychiatrist. One week after acting sociodrama, they were requested to complete ward organizational feature scale(WOFS) and maslach burnout inventory(MBI). The other twenty nurses in same ward requested to complete questionnaire without participating in sociodrama at the same time. Results : Sociodrama group(N=15) showed significantly lower score in burnout when compared to control group(N=17). Nurse/physician relationship was significantly correlated with job satisfaction and burnout. After controlling for interaction between variables by multivariate regression analysis, only job satisfaction was significant predictive factor to burnout. Conclusion : Our result suggests that the sociodrama can be effective in reducing burnout of health care workers in general hospital. These finding also underline the importance of relationship with physicians in job satisfaction and burnout of healthcare workers in general hospital.

해명(海冥) 회종편(回腫片)에서 Morphine과 Naloxone 작용(作用)에 미치는 전해질(電解質)의 영향(影響)

권용춘(Yong-Chon Kwon),은홍배(Hong-Bae Eun),조규박(Kyu-Park Cho) 대한약리학회 1983 대한약리학잡지 Vol.19 No.2

Guinea-Pig의 myenteric plexus-longitudinal muscle preparation에서 morphine과 naloxone 효과(效果)에 미치는 전해질(電解質)의 영향(影響)을 관찰(觀察)하였다. 표본(標本)은 Krebs-Henseleit bicarbonate tufter solution 으로 채운 organ bath에 현수(懸垂)하고 0.2Hz로 전기자극(電氣刺戟)하였다. Morphine은 전기자극(電氣刺戟)에 의(依)한 근편수축(筋片收縮)을 억제(抑制)하였으며, 이때 ID₃₀은 약(約) 190nM이었다. 이와같은 morphine의 억제작용(抑制作用)은 bath내(內) Na⁺ 또는 K+ 농도(濃度)를 감소(減少)시키거나 Mg²⁺을 가(加)하면 강화(强化)되었으며, Ca²⁺ 농도(濃度)를 증가(增加)시키거나 Mg²⁺를 농도(濃度)를 감소(減少)시키면 약화(弱化)되었다. Naloxone은 morphine의 작용(作用)을 억제(抑制)하였으며, 이때 naloxone에 대(對)한 affinity index인 pA₂ value는 약(約) 8.8이었고 that내(內) 전해질(電解質) 농도(濃度)를 변동(變動)시켜도 영향(影響)받지 않았다. 이 성적(成積)은 전해질(電解質) 변동(變動)으로 인(因)한 morphine의 작용변동(作用變動)은 전해질(電解質)이 opiate receptor의 affinity를 변동(變動)시킨다는 opiate-receptor binding실험(實驗)에서와는 달리 전해질(電解質) 변동(變動)에 의(依)한 functional opiate receptor의 affinity 변동(變動)에 의(依)한 것이 아님을 시사(示唆)한다. The influence of electrolyte concentrations on the action of morphine and naloxone was studied in the myenteric plexus-longitudinal muscle preparation of guinea-pig ileum to examine whether opiate receptor binding obseved in vitro with homogenates represents binding to the pharmacological receptor. The preparations were suspended in a modified Krebs-Henseleit bicarbonate buffer solution and electrically stimulated at 0.2 Hz. Morphine inhibited electrically evoked contractions; the concentration of morphine required for a 50-percent inhibition was 190 nM. This inhibitory action of morphine was potentiated in a medium containing lower concentrations of : Na⁺ or K⁺, or by the addition of Mn²⁺ to the medium, and weakened by increasing the concentration of Ca²⁺ or decreasing the concentration of Mg²⁺. Naloxone antagonized these actions of morphine: however, pA₂values for naloxone (indices of affinity for antagonists, approximately 8.8) were unaffected by these electrolyte concentrations. Thus, changes in the inhibitory action of morphine caused by alterations in electrolyte concentrations are probably not the result of changes in the affinity of the receptor for opiates, but due to alterations in the events which precede or follow the receptor binding. Effects of electrolytes on the affinity of the functional opiate receptor for naloxone in guinea-pig ileum are apparently different from those reported with the specific binding sites for opiates in brain homogenate.

초등학교 고학년 아동의 컴퓨터 게임 양상과 정서 및 행동 특성

이자영,박태원,이문숙,조은정,정영철,황익근,양종철,정상근,정애자,은홍배,Lee, Ja-Yeong,Park, Tae-Won,Lee, Moon-Sook,Cho, Eun-Cheong,Chung, Young-Chul,Hwang, Ik-Keun,Yang, Jong-Chul,Chung, Sang-Keun,Jung, Ae-Ja,Eun, Hong-Bae 대한불안의학회 2008 대한불안의학회지 Vol.4 No.2

Objective : The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between the pattern of computer game play and emotional and behavioral characteristics of 5th and 6th grade elementary school children in Jeonju city. Methods : Fifth and sixth graders from two elementary schools (N=413, M=214, F=199) were chosen to participate in this study. The participants completed self-report questionnaires designed by the authors, and were also evaluated based on a computer game addiction scale, state-trait anxiety inventory for children, children's depression inventory and Piers-Harris children's self-esteem scale. The parents of the participants determined the disruptive behavior rating scale of the participants. Results : Positive links were reported between the pattern of computer game play (years of computer game experience, average length of each computer game play session, average time spent on computer game play per day, and average frequency of computer game play per week) and scores of computer game addiction scale. In addition, significant correlation was found between the internalized problems of children (trait anxiety, state anxiety, depression, and self-esteem), and computer game addiction scale score, among both sexes (p<0.01). There were significant correlations between game addiction scale score and inattention (p<0.01) as well as total attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) score (p<0.05) in girls. Conclusion : Our findings suggest that computer game addiction is related to symptoms of internalizing, particularly to the trait anxiety. Significant positive correlations between game addiction scale score and externalized behavioral problems were found only in girls.

원저 : 일측 흑질체파양 (黑質體破壤) 백서 (白鼠)의 회전운동에 미치는 Apomorphine 의 영향

조규박(Kyu Park Cho),김영현(Young Hyun Kim),은홍배(Hong Bae Eun),최인선(In Seon Choi),황익근(Ik Geun Hwang) 전북대학교 의과학연구소 1989 全北醫大論文集 Vol.13 No.3

實驗的不眠에 의한 白鼠 小腦 Purkinje細胞內의 PAS : 陽性顆粒數의 變動에 對하여

殷洪培 大韓神經精神醫學會 1968 신경정신의학 Vol.7 No.1

Using the cerebellum of adult rats(220-24Cgm of body weight), PAS-positive granules such as ceroids and lipofuchsin in Purkinje cells was studied histochemically and statistically. 1. PAS-positive granules present in the rat cerebellum was resistant to saliva digestion and showed slight metachromatic reaction to the 0.5% toluidine blue aqueous solution. And no significant changes in size and number of the granules was observed, after pyridine extraction. These histochemical results may indicate that PAS-positive granules in Purkinje cells are composed mainly of carbohydrate-protein complex, mucopolysaccharide or mucoprotein. 2. Number of PAS-positive granules in a Purkinje cell of the experimental groups, which had sleeping disturbance by external stimulation for 7 days, are compared with those of control groups. Average number of PAS-positive granules in the cell of experimental groups was 6.7±0.4, whereas that of the control groups was 8.5±0.4. Difference of mean value calculated was statistically significant(p<0.01). These results were discussed in relation to the formation and accumulation of the granules in the cells during the experimental condition.

腦磨碎液의 解糖과 Adenosine Diphosphate Ribose의 影響

殷洪培 全南大醫大 1973 전남의대학술지 Vol.10 No.1