인구절벽 시대의 위기청소년 정책 현황과 과제

윤옥경 ( Ok-kyung Yoon ),이유진 ( Eugene Lee ) 한국소년정책학회 2018 少年保護硏究 Vol.31 No.3

The present study reviewed the status of current policies of supporting at-risk youth , utilizing Delphi survey from experts, and suggested policy tasks to provide assistance to at-risk youth during the demographic cliff period. This study conducted a Delphi survey, with a total of 30 subjects: 10 academic experts, 10 public service experts, and 10 field experts. The survey was administered twice; the first session used an open-ended questionnaire while the second one used a multiple-choice questionnaire. Based on the results of the survey, this study set priorities of policy tasks and presented specific action plans to implement each policy task as follows. The policy-related task that was the highest priority with regard to providing support to at-risk youth in the demographic cliff period was“ to identify the status of the at-risk youth and establish an early detection system,”followed by to improve social perception for the at-risk youth to the perspective of protection and prevention, not that of juvenile delinquency and crime” Next was“to establish a support system for at-risk youth to become financially independent and to return to their families,” “to prevent the creation of at-risk youth by expanding personnel and facilities for an at-risk youth social safety net,” “to solve the problem of at-risk youth fundamentally by supporting at-risk families, such as in poverty or disorganized,”“to build a collaborative system of governmental agencies and departments for assisting at-risk youth ” “to operate facilities and programs that reflect at-risk youth needs,” “to develop logics to persuade the close correlation between providing support to at-risk youth and resolving the problem of demographic abnormality,” “to improve the treatment and human rights of at-risk youth housing in prisons and/or juvenile correctional facilities,” and finally“to legislate the sharing of personal information to support at-risk youth.”

교도소화(prisonization) 의 선행요인과 효과에 대한 연구

윤옥경(Ok Kyung Yoon) 한국범죄심리학회 2010 한국범죄심리연구 Vol.6 No.1

본 연구는 교도소 내에서의 수형자 행동을 이해하기 위한 일환으로 교도소화 개념을 도입하여 첫째, 그 이론적 개념을 분명히 하고,둘째, 교도소화의 선행요인을 밝히며 셋째, 규율위반 행동에 미치는 교도소화의 영향력을 측정해 보고자 하였다 전국의 20 개 교도소의 986 명의 교도소 수형자를 대상으로 자료를 수집하여, 유입모델과 박탈모델을 대표하는 변수들을 고려하여 교도소화에 미치는 영향을 분석한 결과 두 모델 모두 교도소화에 설명력을 가지는 것으로 검증되었다. 특히 두 모델을 통합하여 분석한 경우에 교도소화를 더 잘 설명하는 것으로 분석되었다 다음으로 교도소화가 수형자의 규율위반 행동에 미치는 영향에 대한 분석결과는 교도소화가 규율위반 행동을 유의미하게 증가시키는 것으로 나타났다. 규율위반행동에 대한 유업모텔과 박탈모델 변수의 영 향력 은 교도소화를 통한 간접 효과뿐 아니라 직접효과도 가지는 것으로 분석되었다 마지막으로 분석결과를 가지고 이론적, 정책적 함의에 대해 논하였다. This article is designed to find factors affecting prisonization and to estimate the effects of prisonization on inmates misconduct in prisons To do this task, it first clarifies theoretical concepts of prisonization, inmate subculture and code of conduct among prison inmates. And then the study tries to operationalize these concepts empirically: prisonization is operationa!ized as sum of the rating scores for 12 items of inmate' s code of conduct. Rule-infraction behavior is operationalized as sum of frequencies of 25 items of misconducts. And it adopts two competing models to explain prisonization and inmate' s rule-violation behavior: importation model and deprivation model. For importation model, it takes four variables: age, crime type, pre-prison employment status, and self-control; for deprivation model, pains of imprisonment, cell density, time-served and unassigned prisoners are chosen. Using 986 adult male prisoners derived from 31 prisons across the country, this study tries to find out the causes and effects of prisonization. The results show that both importation model and deprivation model variables significantly explain the degree of prisonization, even when considered together in a integrated model. When it comes to the effects of prisonization on inmates misconduct, the analysis finds that significant variances of inmate misconducts are explained by prisonization. In addition, it is found that individual characteristics(importation model variables) affect rule-violation of prisoners when prisonization and deprivation model indicators are considered together in a model. In sum, it can be said that both importation and deprivation model have some explanatory power in explaining prisonization. And prisonization affects inmates misconducts very significantly. Thus to reduce rule violation of prisoners, the correctional authority should consider ways to lessen the degree of prisonization. Also, to reduce prisonization, it should take actions to relieve the pains of imprisonment.

수용자-교도관 폭행의 유형과 실태 : 교도관의 관점

윤옥경(Yoon Ok-Kyung),이수정(Lee Sue-Jung) 한국형사법무정책연구원 2005 형사정책연구 Vol.62 No.-

외국인수형자의 피해경험과 규율위반에 관한 연구

윤옥경 ( Ok Kyung Yoon ),이헌영 ( Hun Young Lee ) 대한범죄학회 2010 한국범죄학 Vol.4 No.2

This study is designed to examine the extents of victimization and rule violations of foreign national prisoners imprisoned in Korean correctional facilities. Self-report survey is conducted using Korean, Chinese and English versions of questionnaire for 165 foreign national prisoners. The results are as follows: First, foreign national prisoners experience various types of victimization, for example verbal abuse, psychological violence such as bullying, physical fights and unwanted sexual contacts. However the overall degree of victimization is not as serious as we expected. They range from 2% to 13% at most. Second, their rule violations and misconducts remain 2-3%. The most frequently committed rule violation is verbal attack(15%). Third, there is a significant correlation between victimization and rule-infractions. It means that victimization experience may be one of the factors causing inmates`` misconducts in prison setting. Finally, program satisfaction, violent subculture, procedural justice/legitimacy are entered into the model to find out the causes of victimization and rule violations. The results of regression analysis show that procedural justice/legitimacy decreases victimization and that program satisfaction decreases rule violations while victimization experience increases the level of inmate misconducts. Policy implications and the limitations of the study are suggested.

교정공무원의 스트레스: 유발 요인과 해소방안

윤옥경(Yoon Ok Kyung) 한국공안행정학회 2006 한국공안행정학회보 Vol.25 No.-

이 논문은 최근 우리나라 교정공무원들에게 스트레스를 가중시키는 요인이 무엇인지를 공식자료와 선행 연구결과를 이용하여 분석하고, 스트레스를 줄일수 있는 방안을 제안하고 있다. 교정공무원의 스트레스 원인은 조직관련 스트레스, 직무관련 스트레스로 나누어서 살펴보았는데, 조직관련 스트레스란 불충분한 인력의 문제, 시간외 초과근무의 문제, 현행 교대근무제로 인한 문제, 그리고 승진의 문제를 포함한 조직차원의 스트레스로 개별적인 차원의 노력으로 개선될 수 없는 요인을 말한다. 직무관련 스트레스는 교정공무원들이 직무를 수행하는 과정에서 발생하는 것으로 주로 수용자와의 관계에서 일어나는 것을 중점적으로 살펴보았다. 최근에 와서 수용자인권에 대한 일반사회와 수용자 자신들의 관심이 커짐에 따라 교정공무원들은 상대적인 권위의 약화를 느끼고 있으며, 이로 인해 수용자로 부터의 폭력에 대한 두려움, 실제적인 신체적 폭력피해, 그리고 지나친 진정과 민원제기로 고통을 받고 있어 스트레스 원인이 되고 있음을 강조하고 있다. 이러한 다양한 스트레스 유발요인으로 인해 교정공무원들은 유사직종과 비교해 볼 때 높은 질병사망율을 보이며, 탈진감으로 인해 직무수행에 어려움을 느낀다. 이러한 부정적인 결과는 결국 교정행정의 효율적인 수행과 수용자 교정교화에 악영향을 주므로 정책적인 배려가 있어야 한다는 것을 지적한다. 즉 조직적, 구조적 차원의 정책 제안과 직무관련 스트레스 관리방안과 함께 사회적으로 범죄자 교정에 대한 관심을 마련해야 한다는 것을 제안하고 있다. This paper examines various sources and the negative consequences of correctional officers’ stress. The sources of the stress are analyzed in terms of organizational, work-related aspects. First, the organizational sources of correctional officers’ stress come from under-staffing, overtime, rotation of shifts, and the lack of career advancement. Second, the work-related stress results primarily from their routine contacts with inmates: the fear and anxiety of inmate violence, actual violence, excessive demands and manipulation by inmates. As a result, correctional officers suffer from physical diseases, sometimes leading to death, high rate of burnout. To prevent these detrimental consequences, policy makers must have the initiatives to fight against the stress issues in corrections. The author suggests stress-reduction strategies in the individual, organizational, and societal level.

소년원법 개정과 소년보호정책의 방향

윤옥경 ( Ok-kyung Yoon ) 한국소년정책학회 2007 少年保護硏究 Vol.- No.10

This article attends to examine the factors that have caused the recent chaises in juvenile justice policy in Korea both the national and international perspectives. First, it is worth noting that there are three issues surrounding the juvenile justice from a global standpoint: 1) the emergence and application of the restorative justice programs in the field of juvenile justice, 2) Research results of the early onset of delinquency and concomitant needs of early intervention, 3) the focus on re-entry in the crime prevention discussions. At the same time our society has witnessed a decline of youth population who is the target group for the juvenile justice policy and a recent decline of the number of delinquents is attributed to the this population trend. On the other hand, as our society is getting toward mare human rights and legal rights of the youth ate in open discussion and the debate reaches to the treatment for the young offenders. These global and domestic and changes drive practitioners and scholars to the revision of the juvenile justice act and the law of juvenile detention center. Still there are a lot of problems and tasks that need to be solved. Thus this article suggests same policy recommendations.

범죄통제의 사회적 맥락 : 경제위기, 정치적 상황과 징역선고율의 변화

윤옥경(Yoon Ok-Kyung) 한국형사법무정책연구원 2007 형사정책연구 Vol.69 No.-

여자청소년의 범죄와 비행 실태 및 대책 : 통계자료와 심층면접 결과를 통해서

윤옥경 ( Ok Kyung Yoon ),이춘화 ( Choon Hwa Lee ) 한국소년정책학회 2003 少年保護硏究 Vol.- No.6

This study was designed to explore the realities of female delinquency in recent Korean society and to propose several strategies to prevent it. To achieve these objectives, we first gave a cursory look at the official statistics for the years of 1997-2001. At the same time we reviewed many previous research papers that have focused on misbehavior among teenage girls. We also conducted personal interview for about 30 female delinquents. The major findings are; first, it is a quite evident that the absolute number of female violent youth is increasing and therefore the gender difference in the use of violence is narrowing among Korean teenagers. In addition, the onset age of female girls using violence is lowering over time; second, girls outnumbered their male counterpart in the category of running-away; third, based on the interview, we find that most girls viewed running-away and subsequent increasing likelihood of involvement in sex industry as the most serious problem they have faced; forth, delinquent girls tended to interpret their pattern of behavior as deviating the image of femininity. Based on these findings, a few policy recommendations are provided.

교도소 수형자의 규율위반 행동에 대한 분석

윤옥경(Ok Kyung Yoon) 한국형사법무정책연구원 2011 형사정책연구 Vol.87 No.-

유해업소 출입과 청소년 비행 ; 분석과 대응

김문조(Mun Cho Kim),윤옥경(Ok Kyung Yoon) 한국청소년학회 2001 청소년학연구 Vol.8 No.1

이 연구는 한국 청소년의 유흥업소 출입현황, 업소내 행위 및 활용동기, 그리고 업소체험이 비행에 미치는 효과를 분석함으로써 실효성 있는 불량 유흥업소 대응방안을 제시해보고자 한 정책연구이다. 일차적으로 전국 1600여명의 중고교생 표본에 대한 설문조사를 실시해 청소년의 유흥업소 접촉실태와 업소 내 유해행위를 파악하였다. 그리고 가정화목도·학교만족도·비행친구·교외활동이라는 네 가지 생활변수가 유흥업소 출입에 미치는 상대적 영향력을 산정한 후, 경로분석을 통해 유흥업소 출입 및 온라인매체를 경유한 비행효과를 검증하였다. 끝으로, 기존의 유흥업소 제한조치나 방안들을 분석결과와 비교 고찰함으로써 청소년 비행 방지를 위한 생활환경 개선책을 폭넓은 시각에서 모색하였다. 본 연구에서 밝혀진 가장 주목할 만한 사항은 물리적 공간이 아닌 사이버공간이라는 비행매개 요소의 중요성이다. 첨단 정보통신매체의 확산으로 청소년의 일상생활에 사이버스페이스의 영향력이 가속화 되어가고 있음은 주지의 사실이나, 온라인상의 유흥활동에 의한 부정적 효과는 불량 업소출입에 의한 그것과 계량적으로 비교된 연구사례는 없었다고 본다. 분석 결과, 사이버공간을 매개로 한 접속활동은 유흥업소 출입의 3배를 상회하는 비행조장효과를 나타내고 있음이 확인되었다. 따라서 유해업소에 대한 물리적 접근기회를 제한하려는 지금까지의 정책적 대응은 청소년비행을 예방하거나 규제하는 데 절대적 한계성을 지니고 있음이 판명되었다. 불량 유흥업소에의 접촉제한과 더불어 사이버공간의 규제방안을 동반한 놀이공간 개념의 확장이 절실하다는 결론에 이르게 되었다. 또 사이버공간의 부정적 영향력은 규제일변도의 방안만으로는 원천적으로 타개가 불가능한 바, 보호 논리가 아니 육성 논리에 입각한 청소년 문화운동이 향후 보다 큰 효과를 기대할 수 있는 비행통제 방안으로 개발되어야 할 것임을 강조하였다. This paper attempts to examine how often Korean teenagers visit entertainment shops such as bar. karaoke room, billiard parlor, internet plaza, night club, etc. The paper also seeks to investigate the relationship between the visit to entertainment shops and delinquency experience. Then, factors affecting delinquent experience are identified. Based on the results, several policy recommendations that enable to control juvenile delinquency are suggested. With a survey data of 1,602 middle- and high school students nationwide, the effects of four endogenous factors - family bond, school satisfaction, delinquent peers and extra-curricula activities upon delinquence experience are estimates. The effects of two intervening factors - visit to entertainment shops and online activities are also estimates. It is found that inappropriate online activities have a strong effect on juvenile delinquency, three times greater than that of entertainment shops visit. A valuable policy implication is drawn from the results: Preventive measures for juvenile delinquency have to install the effective means that can prevent the negative effect of online activities as well as that of offline ones.