고군산군도 해역의 식물플랑크톤 군집의 시 · 공간적 분포 및 출현 환경특성

윤양호(Yoon, Yang Ho) 한국산학기술학회 2015 한국산학기술학회논문지 Vol.16 No.3

서해 새만금 방조제에 인접하는 고군산군도 해역에서 2011년 4회 계절별 식물플랑크톤 군집의 시·공간적 분포특성 파악을 위한 현장조사를 실시하였다. 출현한 식물플랑크톤은 56속 104종으로 다양하였으나 기존 서해해역의 출현 종수에 비 해 낮았다. 분류군별은 규조류가 60.5%, 와편모조류가 34.6%로 규조류 점유률이 높았다. 현존량은 가을 9.6 x 104 cells/L에서 겨울 1.0 x 107 cells/L의 범위로 큰 변동 폭과 값으로 겨울과 여름에 높고, 봄과 가을에 낮았다. 우점종은 겨울 Skeletonema costatum-like species, Thalassiosira nordenskioeldii, Dactyliosolen fragillisimus, Chaetoceros debilis, 봄 Guinardia delicatula, 여름 Eucampia zodiacus, Cylindrotheca closterium, Ch. debilis, Ch. curvisetus, 그리고 가을 S. costatum-like species, Ch. debilis, Ch. curvisetus, G. delicatula, Leptocylindrus danicus로 가을과 겨울을 제외하면 계절적 변화가 분명하 였다. 또한 서해의 토착 및 일시성 부유종은 39종으로 1980년에 비해 1/3로 감소하였다. Chl-a 농도는 가을 3.82 ㎍/L에서 여름 13.36 ㎍/L로 변화하였고, 최대는 여름 44.24 ㎍/L로 1980년대 서해 최대 5.0 ㎍/L에 비하면 9배 가까운 증가를 나타내었 다. 다만 Chl-a 농도와 세포밀도의 계절변화 사이에 유의적 관련성은 발견되지 않았다. 주성분분석에 의한 고군산군도 해역의 생물해양학적 특성은 고수온기에는 새만금 수괴, 저수온기에는 금강 수괴에 지배되었고, 중심목과 우상목 규조류의 출현 환경 은 서로 다르게 나타났다. 즉 고군산군도 해역은 새만금 방조제 완공 이후 급격하게 부영양화가 진행되어, 현재 내만성 환경으 로 진행되어 있는 것으로 판단되었다. This study examined the spatio-temporal distributions of the phytoplankton community in the coastal waters of Gogunsan Islands (CoWGIs), West Sea of Korea, from January to September 2011. A total of 104 species of phytoplankton belonging to 56 genera were identified. This was low compared to the surrounding seas of the West Sea. In particular, diatoms and dinoflagellates comprised 60.5% and 34.6%, respectively, and it was most diverse in autumn. The standing crops fluctuated from 9.6 x 104cells/L to 1.0x107cells/L. This was high in winter and summer and low in spring and autumn. The seasonal dominant species were Skeletonema costatum-like species, Thalassiosira nordenskioeldii, Dactyliosolen fragillisimus, and Chaetoceros debilis in winter, Guinardia delicatula in spring, Eucampia zodiacus, Cylindrotheca closterium, Ch. debilis, and Ch. curvisetus in summer, and S. costatum-like species, Ch. debilis, Ch. curvisetus, G. delicatula, and Leptocylindrus danicus in autumn. The total number of autochthonous and tychopelagic species was 39 species. This showed a 1/3 (33.3%) decrease compared to the 1980's. The chlorophyll a concentration fluctuated from 3.82 ㎍/L in autumn to 13.36 ㎍/L in summer. The bio-oceanographic characteristics of the CoWGIs based on principle component analysis (PCA) showed that it was dominated by the Saemangeum water mass in the high temperature season and by the Geum River water mass in the low temperature season. In other words, there has been a conversion to a closed inner bay followed by the dramatic progress of eutrophication, even in the CoWGIs after completion of the Saemangeum embankment

영광 연안, 온배수 배출해역 수괴 및 식물플랑크톤 군집의 시 · 공간적 변동 특성

윤양호(Yang Ho Yoon) 한국산학기술학회 2022 한국산학기술학회논문지 Vol.23 No.4

원자력발전소 온배수가 유입되는 서해 남부 영광 연안해역의 수괴 분포 및 식물플랑크톤 군집의 시 · 공간적 변동특성을 파악하기 위해 2017 봄에서 2018년 겨울까지 22개 정점을 계절 조사하였다. 결과, 표층 수온은 0.8℃에서 32.2℃로 계절 변화가 크게 나타났지만, 염분은 31.61 psu에서 32.86 psu로 계절 변동 폭이 낮아, 수괴의 계절 변화는 수온에 지배되었다. 엽록소 a 농도는 0.85 ㎍L<SUP>-1</SUP>에서 15.38 ㎍L<SUP>-1</SUP> 범위로 가을에 높고 여름에 낮았으며, 식물플랑크톤 현존량 이외에 해수 혼합에 의한 표층퇴적물 재부유 등, 부유물질에 크게 영향을 받았다. 식물플랑크톤 군집은 55속 86종으로 단순하였고, 표층 현존량은 3.4-647.2 cells mL<SUP>-1</SUP> 범위로서 계절 변동이 매우 큰 특징을 보였다. 우점종은 연중 규조류에 지배되어, 표층은 봄 Asterionella glacialis , Skeletonema costatum- ls, 여름 Leptocylindrus danicus, Eucampia zodiacus, 가을 Pseudo-nitzschia pungens, Rhizosolenia flaccida, 그리고 겨울 Cerataulina bergonii, Coscinodiscus anguate-lineata 가 최우점 및 차우점하였다. 생태지수는 상대적으로 다양도 지수가 높았으나, 우점도 지수는 낮아, 식물플랑크톤 군집이 비교적 높은 다양성을 나타내었다. 즉 영광 연안해역에 배출되는 온배수는 식물플랑크톤 종 다양성 및 현존량에 강한 영향을 주고 있을 뿐만 아니라, 식물플랑크톤 변동성을 크게 하는 인자로서 작용하였다. A survey was conducted to analyze the water masses and the spatio-temporal variations of the phytoplankton community at 22 stations on the surface and bottom layers of the Yeonggwang Coastal Waters (YCW). There were thermal discharges at the YCW by a nuclear power plant from May 2017 to February 2018. This analysis indicates that the water temperature ranged from 0.8℃ to 32.2℃, showing differences of sizeable seasonal variation. But, the salinity changed from 31.61 psu to 32.86 psu on the surface. Therefore, the seasonal variations of water masses in YCW were mainly determined by the water temperature. The phytoplankton community consisted of 55 genera and 86 species, showing a relatively simple distribution. The phytoplankton standing crop ranged from 3.4 cells mL<SUP>-1</SUP> (autumn) to 647.2 cells mL<SUP>-1</SUP> (spring), with an average of 109.4 cells mL<SUP>-1</SUP>. The average was low in autumn and high in summer. The seasonal succession of phytoplankton-dominant species was mainly diatoms during a year. In particular, the successions were Asterionella glacialis, S. costatum -ls in spring; Leptocylindrus danicus, Eucampia zodiacus in summer; Pseudo-nitzschia pungens, Rhizosolenia flaccida in autumn; and Cerataulina bergonii, Coscinodiscuss anguate-lineata in winter. The ecological index showed relatively high diversity, but the dominance was low, indicating a relatively high diversity of the phytoplankton community. In other words, thermal discharge by the nuclear power plant strongly influences the phytoplankton"s diversity and standing crop. In addition, thermal discharge acts as a factor that increases the volatility of the phytoplankton community in YCW.

장수만 식물플랑크톤 군집의 시,공간적 분포 특성

윤양호 ( Yang Ho Yoon ) 한국환경생물학회 2014 환경생물 : 환경생물학회지 Vol.32 No.1

한국 남해안의 중앙부에 위치하는 장수만의 식물플랑크톤 군집의 시ㆍ공간적 분포특성과 생물해양학적 환경특성을 파악하기 위한 현장 조사를 2006년 봄부터 겨울까지 계절별로 장수만과 인근해역을 대상으로 하는 31개의 정점의 표ㆍ저층 해수를 대상으로 실시하였다. 장수만에서 출현이 확인된 식물플랑크톤은 47속 83종으로 규조류가 65.1%, 와편모조류가 30.1%를 차지하였고, 유해성 조류도 3종 출현하였다. 세포밀도로 표시한 식물플랑크톤 현존량은 봄 3.1 cellsㆍmL-1에서 겨울 521.0 cellsㆍmL-1의 범위로 겨울과 여름에 높고, 봄과 가을에 낮았다. 현존량은 정점 평균으로 표층에서 봄 7.6 cellsㆍmL-1, 여름 68.0 cellsㆍmL-1, 가을 8.1 cellsㆍmL-1, 그리고 겨울은 220.2 cellsㆍmL-1를 나타내었다. 표층에서 우점종은 봄에 Chaetoceros affinis, Paralia sulcata, Bacillaria paxillifera, 여름에 Chaetoceros didymus, Ch. affinis, Octactis octonaria, 가을에 Skeletonema costatum 유사종과 B. paxillifera이 10% 이상의 우점률을 나타내었고, 겨울은 S. costatum 유사종에 의해 극우점 되었다. 주성분분석에 의한 장수만의 생물해양학적 특성은 봄과 여름의 수온 상승기에는 봇돌바다 등 개방해역에서 유입되는 해수 영향으로 높은 생물생산을 유지하고 있고, 가을과 겨울의 수온 하강기에는 생물량은 수심의 얕은 천해해역에서 높고, 현존량은 수로부에서 높은 밀도를 나타내었다. 특히 현존량은 수로부에서 높은 밀도를 나타내었다. 특히 겨울은 해수 혼합의 원활한 천해해역에 높은 식물플랑크톤 생산을 나타내었다. This study describes about the spatio-temporal distributions in phytoplankton community such as species composition, standing crop and dominant species from May 2006 to February 2007 in the Jangsu bay and the northwestern parts of Gamak bay. Based on the principal component analysis (PCA) of the environmental factors as well as biological parameters, the bio-oceanographical characteristics were analysed. A total of 83 species of phytoplankton belonging to 47 genera were identified. Whereas diatoms and dinoflagellates occupied more than 65% and 30% of total species, respectively. The annual dominant species were Chaetoceros affinis, Paralia sulcata and Bacillaria paxillifera in spring, Chaetoceros didymus, Ch. affinis and Octactis octonaria in summer, Skeletonema costatum-like species and B. paxillifera in autumn. Moreover phytoplankton cell density was ranged between 3.1 cellsㆍmL-1 in spring and 521.0 cellsㆍmL-1 in winter. It fluctuated with an annual mean of 76.0 cellsㆍmL-1 between the lowest value of 7.6 cellsㆍmL-1 in spring and the highest value of 220.2 cellsㆍmL-1 by Skeletonema costatum-like species in winter. Briefly, the phytoplankton cell density in the mixing seasons was higher in comparison with the other seasons. According to the PCA, the biological oceanographic characteristics of the Jangsu bay was affected by the introduction of outside seawater particularly in temperature increasing seasons, and the other seasons, it may be described the light intensity, and mix between inner and outer bay sea waters.

제주 바다목장 해역 식물플랑크톤 군집의 시·공간적 변동 특성

윤양호(Yoon, Yang Ho) 한국산학기술학회 2015 한국산학기술학회논문지 Vol.16 No.11

제주 바다목장 해역의 식물플랑크톤 군집의 시·공간적 분포특성을 파악하기 위해 8개 정점의 표층과 10m 수심에 서 2008년 4월부터 11월까지 4회 현장조사를 실시하였다. 식물플랑크톤 출현종은 63속 106종으로 다양하였다. 분류군별은 규조류가 61.3%, 와편모조류가 34.9%를 차지하였고, 시간적으로는 가을에 다양한 종이 출현하였다. 식물플랑크톤 현존량 은 여름 0.6 cells·mL⁻¹에서 봄 64.0 cells·mL⁻¹의 범위로 매우 낮았다. 평균 세포밀도에 의한 연변동은 연평균 최저 11월 0.9 cells·mL⁻¹에서 최고 4월 37.0 cells·mL⁻¹로 변화하여 연평균 11.7cells·mL⁻¹의 낮은 세포밀도를 나타내었다. 우점종은 4월에 Skeletonema costatum-like species(ls)에 의해 극우점되었다. 6월은 Torodinium teredo, Cylindrotheca closterium, Scrippsiella trochoidea, 9월은 S. costatum–ls, Thalassionema nitzschioides, Pseudo-nitzschia pungens, Ebria tripartita 그리고 11월은 Corethron pennatum, Dictyocha fibura, Neoceratium teres가 우점 출현하여, 기존 결과와는 다른 결과를 나타내었다. 생태지수 중에 종 다양성 지수는 4월과 9월에 낮고 6월과 11월에 높았다. 식물플랑크톤 군집으로 본 제주 바다목장 해역의 생물해양학적 특성은 연간 크기가 작은 나노플랑크톤에 의한 점유률이 높았고, 특정 종에 의해 극우점되는 외부 영양염류 유입보다는 생태내의 물질순환에 따른 재생산비율이 높은 것으로 판단되었다.

저수온기 목포연안해역의 해양환경학적 특성 ; 1 . 수질환경과 식물플랑크톤 생물량에 영향을 미치는 환경요인 해석

윤양호(Yang Ho Yoon) 한국물환경학회 2001 한국물환경학회지 Vol.17 No.1

Field survey on the distributional characteristics of water quality and environmental factors on the variation of the phytoplankton biomass in Mokpo coastal waters, southwestern Korea were carried out at the 30 stations in November 1991 and in February 1992. I made an analysis on biological factor as chlorophyll a concentration as well as water quality such as dissolved oxygen(DO). chemical oxygen demand(COD), suspended solid(SS) and nutrients: ammonia. nitrite, nitrate, dissolved inorganic nitrogen, phosphate. N/P ratio, silicate and Si/P ratio. In the Mokpo coastal waters, the high productivity in photic layer were supported by high nutrients concentration from the runoff of freshwater and the input of outside seawater in low temperature season. The high concentrations of suspended solid in straits had a bad influence upon marine primary production. Mokpo coastal waters had a sufficient nutrients for primary production during a year. Especially the dissolved inorganic nitrogen were high, the other side. silicate and phosphate was very low. The source of nitrogen supply depended on runoff of freshwater including urban waste water. On the other hand, silicate and phosphate were input of outside seawater. Phosphate and silicate seemed to become a limiting factor for primary production in low temperature season. Phytoplankton biomass as measured by chlorophyll a concentration was very high in low temperature season, and it was controlled by the combination of several environmental factors, especially of phosphate, Si/P ratio and physical factor such as intensity of illumination.

가막만 양식장 주변해역 주상퇴적물 중 유기물량 분포 특성 및 기원

윤양호(Y. H. Yoon),노일현(I. H. Noh),김대일(D. I. Kim),박종식(J. S. Park) 한국해양환경·에너지학회 2004 한국해양환경공학회 학술대회논문집 Vol.2004 No.-

Field survey on the spatio-temporal distribution characteristics of organic matters and its origin in the core sediments was carried out monthly at six stations in Gamak bay, the southern Korea from April 2000 to March 2002. The sedimentary pollution was very serious at the northwestern area, because northwestern area has an excessive supply of organic matters from the aquaculture activity, inflow of life sewage from the land, make a long stay of the materials by topographical characterize of form such as basin and the anoxic conditions in bottom sea water environment by thermocline in summer. The tendency of temporal changes showed in the period of high-water temperature mainly higher than the period of low-water temperature at northwestern and southern entrance areas. On the other hand, central and eastern areas showed mainly higher tendency during the low-water temperature except total sulfide concentrations. Concentration in all items showed rapid decrease vertically according to its depth in the northwestern area, while higher concentration showed at 2 to 6㎝ layer rather than at surface sediment in the southern entrance of Gamak bay. In other areas, generally the concentrations was decreased as layer goes deeper but the concentrations of H2S and COD were higher at 2 to 6cm later than surface sediment. The results showed that the origin of organic matters in sediments in Gamak bay was from autochthonous organic matter rather than allouchthonous. However, the formation of autochthonous organic matters were mainly detritus more than living phytoplankton. Also, the detritus were products by artificial activities such as dregs feed and fecal pellets of farm organisms by aquaculture activities rather than dynamic of natural ocean activities.

득량만 식물프랑크톤 군집의 시 공간적 분포특성

윤양호(Yang Ho Yoon) 한국환경생물학회 1999 환경생물 : 환경생물학회지 Vol.17 No.4

The observations on the spatio-temporal distribution and seasonal fluctuations of phytoplankton community were carried out in Deukryang Bay of the Korean Southwestern Sea from June 1992 to April 1993. A total of 75 species of phytoplankton belonged to 47 genera was identified. In Deukryang Bay seasonal succession in dominant species; P. alata, G. flaccida, S. costatum, L. danicus and N. longissima in summer, St. palmeriana, Ch. curvisetus and B. paxillifera in autunm, S. costatum, Ch. curvisetus, E. zodiacus and Pn. pungens in winter, and As. glacialis, As. kariana, N. pelagica, Th. nitzschioides and S. costatum in spring, were very marked, that is to say, the communities structure of phytoplankton in Deukryang Bay appeared to be various species composition and it was occupied with diatoms all the year round. Phytoplankton standing crops fluctuated with an annual mean of 1.4×10 exp (5)cells/l between the lowest value of 2.6×10 exp (3)cells/l in July and the highest value of 1.0×10 exp (6)cells/l by S. costatum in January. Densities of the phytoplankton cell number by the samples of Deukryang Bay ranged from 2.6×10 exp (3)cells/l to 1.2×10 exp (5)cells/l with the mean value of 3.6×10 exp (4)cells/l in summer, from 6.0×10 exp (3)cells/l to 2.6×10 exp (5)cells/l with mean of 1.5×10 exp (5)cells/l in autumn, from 1.3×10 exp (4)cells/l to 1.0×10 exp (6)cells/l with mean 3.5×10 exp (5)cells/l in winter, and from 4.8×10 exp (3)cells/l to 6.0×10 exp (5)cells/l with mean of 1.6×10 exp (5)cells/l in autumn. That is to say, phytoplankton standing crops was large in low temperature seasons, on the other hand small in high temperature seasons. Chlorophyll α concentration fluctuated between 0.19㎍/l and 12.3㎍/l in March. In Deukryang Bay seasonal flucturation in chl-α concentration was not marked. Especially, chl-α concentration in the water around Deukryang Island located in the middle part of Deukryang Bay showed patchy distributions with a very high concentration. And chl-α concentration was high during a year. Therefore, phytoplankton production in Deukryang Bay could be very high year-round. [Deukryang Bay, Phytoplankton community, Spatio-temporal distribution, Standing crops, Dominant species, Diatoms, Skeletonema costatum, Chlorophyll a., Patchiness].

고군산군도 주변해역의 식물플랑크톤 분포 특성

윤양호(Y.H. Yoon),김동근(D.G. Kim) 한국해양환경·에너지학회 2013 한국해양환경공학회 학술대회논문집 Vol.2013 No.11

여수반도 주변해역의 해양환경과 식물플랑크톤 분포 특성

윤양호(Y.H. Yoon),김동근(D.G. Kim) 한국해양환경·에너지학회 2013 한국해양환경공학회 학술대회논문집 Vol.2013 No.11

제주 바다목장 해역 크기별 엽록소 a의 시·공간적 분포 특성과 미소플랑크톤의 중요성

윤양호(Yoon, Yang Ho) 한국산학기술학회 2014 한국산학기술학회논문지 Vol.15 No.10

제주 바다목장 해역의 크기별 식물플랑크톤 조성비 및 물질순환 특성을 파악하기 위해 2008년 4월에서 11월까지 4회 현장조사를 하였다. 제주 바다목장 해역의 표층에서 초미세플랑크톤은 0.03 ~ 0.84 ㎍/L에서 평균 0.30 ㎍/L로 17.3%, 미소플랑크톤은 0.22 ~ 3.93 ㎍/L에서 평균 1.35 ㎍/L로 78.0%, 소형플랑크톤은 nd ~ 0.24 ㎍/L에서 평균 1.73 ㎍/L로 4.7% 를 차지하였다. 10m 수층도 측정값에서 다소 차이는 있지만 경향은 표층과 매우 유사하여, 계절에 따라 엽록소 a의 측정값 은 변화하지만, 미소플랑크톤 조성비는 연중 높게 나타났다. 또한 제주 바다목장 해역의 크기별 엽록소 a의 분포는 지리적으 로 인접한 우리나라 연안해역이나, 쿠로시오나 쓰시마난류의 영향을 받는 동중국해 및 일본연안보다도 계절풍 이후의 열대 해역 연안환경과 유사한 것으로 나타났다. 즉 제주 바다목장 해역의 물질순환은 전통적인 먹이사슬보다는 저차영양단계는 미세먹이망으로 구성되어, 기초생산은 영양염류 공급보다 미소동물플랑크톤의 포식압 등의 top-down 동태에 의해 조절될 가능성이 큰 것으로 판단되었다. To understand size fractioned chlorophyll a and material cycle characteristics in Jeju marine ranching area (JMRA), 4 times of survey were conducted from April to November 2008. Picoplankton on the surface in JMRA was on average, 0.30 ㎍/L(annual mean(M):17.3%) in the 0.03 ~ 0.84 ㎍/L range, accounting for 17.3%. Nannoplankton and picoplankton was on average, 1.35 ㎍/L(M:78.0%) in the 0.22 ~ 3.93 ㎍/L range, and 1.73 ㎍ /L(M:4.7%) in the nd ~ 0.24 range, respectively. The 10m layer was similar to the surface. The measured values changed according to the measurement times but the nanoplankton composition ratio was higher throughout the year. In addition, the size fractioned chlorophyll a distribution in JMRA was similar to that of tropical sea area affected by the Monsoon rather than South Korean offshore coast geographically adjacent to the East China Sea and Japan coastal waters affected by the Kuroshio/Tsushima warm currents. That is, the material cycle of JMRA consists of a microbial food web rather than traditional food chain at a lower trophic levels. Primary production is deemed to have a higher possibility of being adjusted by top-down dynamics, such as micro-zooplankton grazing pressure rather than nutrients supply.