재발된 위장 GIST에 대한 Imatinib Mesylate의 효과

이정선(Jung Sun Lee),오성태(Sung Tae Oh),김용진(Young Jin Kim),최원용(Won Yong Choi),육정환(Jung Hwan Yook),김병식(Byung Sik Kim),김정선(Joeng Sun Kim),김태원(Tae Won Kim) 대한외과학회 2004 Annals of Surgical Treatment and Research(ASRT) Vol.66 No.3

크루켄버그 종양 61예에 대한 임상적 분석

김주동,육정환,김용만,최원용,김용진,임정택,오성태,김병식,Kim Joo Dong,Yook Jeong Hwan,Kim Yong Man,Choi Won Yong,Kim Yong Jin,Lim Jung Taek,Oh Sung Tae,Kim Byung Sik 대한위암학회 2004 대한위암학회지 Vol.4 No.2

Purpose: A Krukenberg tumor is an ovarian tumor of a signet-ring cell type. This tumor arises more commonly in young women, and the prognosis is poor. The primary focus of this tumor is often found at gastrointestinal malignancy, especially gastric cancer. We tried to identify the clinical characteristics of this tumor, and in that regard, this report might be helpful. Materials and Methods: We reviewed the 61 patients with Krukenberg tumors, who had been diagnosed at our hospital from 1994 to 2002, and retrospectively analyzed the clinical features. Results: The age distribution ranged from 15 to 59 years, and the mean age was 41 years. The most common symptom was a lower abdominal mass ($46\%$). Fourty-two cases ($77\%$) showed bilateral ovarian involvement, and the size of this tumor was variable, but in 24 cases ($4\%$) the size was $5\∼10$ cm for the largest diameter. Among 54 cases, 40 cases had ascites, and the volume of ascites was variable. The median survival of the 61 patients was 10 months, and Krukenberg tumor developed 19.7 months after the primary operation. The median survival durations of recurrence patterns were 20 months for the Krukenberg tumor alone, and 7 months for the Krukenberg tumor with peritoneal seeding. Conclusion: In young women treated with a gastrectomy, especially one for an advanced tumor, closed observation with abdominal ultrasonography or computed tomography to detect a Krukenberg tumor is recommended. The patient with a Krukenberg tumor alone has a better prognosis than one with a Krukenberg tumor combined peritoneal seeding. We will have to consider more progressive treatment for the patient with a Krukenberg tumor alone.

Borrmann 4형 위암에서 E-cadherin 및 CD44H의 발현

최원용,육정환,신동규,김용진,김정선,오성태,김병식,박건춘,Choi Won Yong,Yook Jeong Hwan,Shin Dong Gue,Kim Yong Jin,Kim Jung Sun,Oh Sung Tae,Kim Byung Sik,Park Keon Chun 대한위암학회 2004 대한위암학회지 Vol.4 No.2

Purpose: E-cadherin and CD44H have been shown to play a role in the progression and the metastasis of tumors. This study evaluated the clinical correlations between expression of E-cadherin and CD44H and various clinicopathologic factors and the value of expressions of E-cadherin and CD44H as prognostic factors in Borrmann type IV gastric cancer. Materials and Methods: In 122 patients with Borrmann type IV gastric cancer, we performed the immunohistochemical stainings for E-cadherin and CD44H. We analyzed the correlation between the expressions of E-cadherin and CD44H and lymphatic invasion, venous invasion, perineural invasion, histologic type, lymph node metastasis, depth of invasion, stage, and peritoneal dissemination, and survival. Results: There were no correlations between reduced expression of E-cadherin and CD44H and lymphatic invasion, venous invasion, perineural invasion, histologic type, lymph node metastasis, depth of invasion, and stage. However, there was a significant correlation between lymph node metastasis and the lymphatic invasion (P=0.022). There was also a significant correlation between the peritoneal dissemination and CD44H expression (P=0.005). The 5-year survival rate was correlated with CD44H expression expression (P=0.026), peritoneal dissemination (P<0.01), depth of invasion (P<0.01), lymph node metastasis (P<0.01), stage of tumor (P<0.01), and lymphatic invasion (P<0.01). There was no correlation between expression of E-cadherin and survival rate. Conclusion: The expression of CD44H and peritoneal dissemination was correlated. The expression of CD44H was an independent prognostic factor in Borrmann type IV gastric cancer. Further prospective studies with a large number of cases are required.

원형 자동문합기를 이용한 체외문합을 시행한 복강경 보조 위전절제술: 한 술자에 의한 연속적인 48명 환자의 수술성적분석

정오,김병식,육정환,오성태,임정택,김갑중,최지은,박건춘,Cheong, Oh,Kim, Byung-Sik,Yook, Jeong-Hwan,Oh, Sung-Tae,Lim, Jeong-Taek,Kim, Kab-Jung,Choi, Ji-Eun,Park, Gun-Chun 대한위암학회 2008 대한위암학회지 Vol.8 No.1

목적: 복강경 보조 위전절제술은 기술적 어려움과 환자수가 많지 않음으로 인하여 복강경 보조 위원위부 절제술에 비하여 연구가 많지 않은 상황이다. 따라서 저자들은 본원에서 시행한 복강경 보조 위전절제술의 수술성적과 수술후 경과 및 합병증 발생 예측인자와 복강경 보조 위전절제술의 학습곡선에 관하여 분석하였다. 대상 및 방법: 2005년 1월부터 2007년 9월까지 술 전 검사상 위의 중 상부에 위치한 조기위암(cT1N0)을 진단받고 한 술자에 의해 복강경 보조 위전절제술을 시행 받은 연속적인 48명의 환자를 대상으로 의무기록을 바탕을 후향적으로 분석하였다. 결과: 수술 중 합병증이나 개복수술로의 전환은 없었고 평균 수술시간은 $212{\pm}67$분이었다. 평균 적출 림프절 개수는 $29{\pm}10$개였고 모든 환자에서 안전한 종양 경계 면이 확보되었다. 수술 후 가스배출, 식이시작, 퇴원시기는 각각 평균 2.98일, 3.67일, 7.08일이었다. 외과적 합병증은 5명(10.4%)에서 발생하였고 모두 보전적 치료로 호전되었다. 단변량 및 다변량 분석에서 합병증 발생에 영향을 주는 유일한 인자는 체질량지순(P=0.035, HR=2.462)였으며 수술 시간을 기준으로 한 학습곡선 분석에서 20예가 학습곡선인 것으로 나타났다. 결론: 복강경 보조 위전절제술은 위의 중 상부에 위치한 조기위암에 대한 적절한 술식이며 수술성적과 수술 후 경과가 양호하다. 그러나 학습곡선을 단축하기 위해서는 복강경 보조 위원위부절제술의 충분한 경험이 필요하며, 특히 초기경험에서는 수술 후 합병증을 줄이기 위하여 환자 선택에 있어서 체질량지수를 고려하는 게 도움이 될 것으로 생각된다. Purpose: Many recent studies have reported on the feasibility and usefulness of laparoscopy assisted distal gastrectomy (LADG) for treating early gastric cancer. On the other hand, there has been few reports about laparoscopy assisted total gastrectomy (LATG) because upper located gastric cancer is relatively rare and the surgical technique is more difficult than that for LADG, We now present our procedure and results of performing LATG for the gastric cancer located in the upper or middle portion of the stomach. Materials and Methods: From Jan 2005 to Sep 2007, 96 patients underwent LATG by four surgeons at the Asan Medical Center, Seoul, Korea. Among them, 48 consecutive patients who were operated on by asingle surgeon were analyzed with respect to the clinicopathological features, the surgical results and the postoperative courses with using the prospectively collected laparoscopy surgery data. Results: There was no conversion to open surgery during LATG. For all the reconstructions, Roux-en Y esophago-jejunostomy and D1+beta lymphadenectomy were the standard procedures. The mean operation time was $212{\pm}67$ minutes. The mean total number of retrieved lymph nodes was $28.9{\pm}10.54$ (range: $12{\sim}64$) and all the patients had a clear proximal resection margin in their final pathologic reports. The mean time to passing gas, first oral feeding and discharge from the hospital was 2.98, 3.67 and 7.08 days, respectively. There were 5 surgical complications and 2 non-surgical complications for 5 (10.4%) patients, and there was no mortality. None of the patients needed operation because of complications and they recovered with conservative treatments. The mean operation time remained constant after 20 cases and so a learning curve was present. The morbidity rate was not different between the two periods, but the postoperative course was significantly better after the learning curve. Analysis of the factors contributing to the postoperative morbidity, with using logistic regression analysis, showed that the 8MI is the only contributing factor forpostoperative complications (P=0.029, HR=2.513, 95% CI=1.097-5.755). Conclusions: LATG with regional lymph node dissection for upper and middle early gastric cancer is considered to be a safe, feasible method that showed an excellent postoperative course and acceptable morbidity. BMI should be considered in the patient selection at the beginning period because of the impact of the BMI on the postoperative morbidity.

조기 위암에서 복강경 보조 하 위 절제술 후 합병증 발생

최지은,정오,육정환,김갑중,임정택,오성태,박건춘,김병식,Choi, Ji-Eun,Jeong, Oh,Yook, Jeong-Hwan,Kim, Kab-Jung,Lim, Jung-Tack,Oh, Sung-Tae,Park, Gun-Choon,Kim, Byung-Sik 대한위암학회 2007 대한위암학회지 Vol.7 No.3

목적: 복강경 보조 하 위 절제술이 조기 위암의 치료방법으로 광범위하게 시행되고 있는 가운데, 복강경 술식이 개복술과 비교하여 장정이 많다는 연구는 많지만 술식의 안전성 및 위험도에 대하여 연구된 바는 많지 않다. 이에 연구자들은 본원에서 조기 위암으로 복강경 보조 하 위 절제술을 시행 받은 환자를 대상으로 수술 후 발생한 합병증을 분석하고 이에 대한 치료를 조사하였으며 수술 후 합병증과 연관된 임상병리학적 인자들에 대하여 분석하였다. 대상 및 방법: 2004년 4월부터 2006년 12월까지 수술 전 조기 위암을 진단받고 본원에서 복강경 보조 하 원위부위 절제술을 시행한 332명, 전 절제술을 시행한 44명을 합한 376명의 환자에 대해 의무기록을 바탕으로 후향적으로 조사하였다. 결과: 합병증은 총 40명(10.6%)의 환자에서 발생하였고 수술 중 합병증은 4명(1.1%), 수술 후 합병증은 36명(9.6%)의 환자에서 39가지 경우가 발생했으며 수술에 의하여 사망한 환자는 없었다. 술 후 대합병증은 문합부 출혈 8명(2.1%), 문합부 협착 7명(1.9%), 복강 내 체액 저류 5명 (1.3%), 문합부 누출 3명(0.8%), 복강 내 출혈 3명(0.8%), 장 폐색 2명(0.5%)의 순이었다. 그 외 소합병증은 11명(2.9%)에서 나타났고 모든 합병증은 장 폐색으로 수술을 시행한 2예를 제외하고 보존적 치료로 해결되었다. 합병증 발생을 예측할 수 있는 인자로는 단변량 분석에서 연령(P=0.004), 체질량지수(P=0.037), 동반 질환 유무(P=0.045)가 통계적인 연관성을 보였으며, 다변량 분석에서는 연령(P=0.021) 만이 독립적인 위험 인자로 나타났다. 결론: 조기 위암 치료를 위한 복강경 보조 하 위 절제술의 술 후 합병증은 높지 않으며(10.6%), 대부분 보존적인 치료가 가능하므로 비교적 안전하게 시행될 수 있는 술기라고 생각한다. Purpose: Recently, the use of laparoscopic assisted gastrectomy for early gastric cancer has been on the increase and the procedure has been quickly adopted by clincians. However, there are few reports regarding the safety and risk of this type of surgery. The aim of this study is to evaluate the morbidity and to verify the safety of laparoscopic assisted gastrectomy for early gastric cancer. Materials and Methods: A total of 376 patients that had undergone laparoscopic assisted gastrectomy for early gastric cancer between April 2004 and December 2006 were reviewed retrospectively. The clinicopathological characteristics, operative complications, and factors related to complications were evaluated. Results: The overall operative morbidity and mortality rates were 10.6% and 0%, intraoperative morbidity was 1.1% (4 of 376 patients) and post operative morbidity was 9.6% (36 of 376 patients). Most complications required no surgery except for an intestinal obstruction in two cases. Multivariate analysis of risk factors related to operative morbidity determined that age was an independent factor associated with morbidity (P=0.021). Conclusion: The complication rate of laparoscopic assisted gastrectomy is low and most complications can be managed by conservative methods rather than with surgery. There were no specific predicting factors for complications except old age. Laparoscopy is a technically feasible and acceptable surgical modality for early gastric cancer.

제5판 UICC TNM림프절 분류에 따른 pT3pN1 위암 환자에서 림프절의 해부학적인 위치에 따른 2군 림프절 양성의 의의

김용진,김병식,최원용,육정환,오성태,박건춘,Kim Yong Jin,Kim Byung Sik,Choi Won Yong,Yook Jung Hwan,Oh Sung Tae,Park Kun Choon 대한위암학회 2004 대한위암학회지 Vol.4 No.1

Purpose: The most important prognostic factors in gastric cancer is the depth of invasion of the primary tumor and lymph node metastasis. The nodal staging of the 5th edition of the Union Internationale Contrala Cancrums (UICC) TNM classification in 1997 was changed based on the number of metastatic lymph node. We attempted to evaluate the prognostic significance of N2 group metastasis in pT3pN1 gastric cancer patients by comparing two different nodal staging systems. Materials and Methods: A retrospective analysis was made for 352 gastric cancer patients who underwent curative resection, including D2 dissection, from 1991 to 1997 at Asan Medical Center. A clinicopathologic comparison between two groups by using a nodal staging systems was summarized into a table. Cumulative survival rates were calculated by using the Kaplan-Meier method. The difference between the two groups was evaluated by using the log rank test with SPSS 11.5 for Windows Results: There were no statistical differences in clinicopathologic factors. However, there was a significant difference in survival rate between the two groups (P=0.0009). This suggests that N2 group metastasis in pT3pN1 gastric cancer patients has a clinical significance for predicting prognosis. Conclusion: Our results suggest a possibility of prognostic significance of N2 group metastasis. Therefore, anatomical location of the lymph node should be described.

장막침윤이 없는 위암환자에서 수술 후 보조적 화학 요법에 대한 전향적 연구 -최종보고-

김용진,김병식,김용호,육정환,오성태,박건춘,Kim Yong Jin,Kim Byung Sik,Kim Yong Ho,Yook Jung Hwan,Oh Sung Tae,Park Kun Choon 대한위암학회 2004 대한위암학회지 Vol.4 No.4

목적: 장막침윤이 없는 위암환자에 있어서 수술 후 서로 다른 보조화학요법이 장기 생존에 미치는 영향에 대해 평가하고자 하였다. 대상 및 방법: 1996년 10월부터 1998년 3월까지 만 15개월간 서울 아산병원 외과에서 근치적 위 절제를 시행한 환자 중, 장막침윤이 없는 317명의 환자를 대상으로 하였다. 이중 수술 후 병기가 IA인 131예, 장막침윤이 있는 34예, 그리고 치료를 거부한 17예를 제외한 135명(1군: 5-FU+cisplatin 정주, 2군: mitomycin C정주+경구용5-FU, 3군: 경구용 5-FU)의 의무기록 분석과 전화추적을 실시하여 재발양상, 생존율, 및 위암관련 사망률을 각 군별로 분석하였다. 결과: 121명에서 추적이 가능해 $89.6\%$의 생존율을 나타냈다. 재발은 1군 4명, 2군 7명, 그리고 3군 6명 이었으며, 세 군의 전체생존율은 1군 $89\%$, 2군 $84\%$, 그리고 3군은 $82\%$이고, 위암관련 사망환자만을 고려한 질병특이 생존율은 1군 $92\%$, 2군 $86\%$, 그리고 3군은 $88\%$로 나타나 이들 세 군간에 전체생존율 및 질병특이 생존율은 차이를 보이지 않았다(전체생존율: P=0.6875, 질병특이 생존율: P=0.7120). 결론: 장막침윤이 없는 위암 환자에서, 치료효과를 향상 시키기 위해 보조요법을 시행할 경우 경구용 항암제를 이용한 방법이면 충분하다고 판단하였다. 그러나 이를 입증하기 위해서는 보조요법을 시행치 않는 대조군을 포함한 대단위 무작위 연구가 필수적일 것이다. Purpose: We reported our preliminary result in 2001. At that time, the follow-up period was too short to evaluate the survival benefit of adjuvant chemotherapy in gastric cancer without serosal invasion. Therefore, we followed those patients for 66 months to determine the long-term effects of adjuvant chemotherapy. Materials and Methods: We analyzed the recurrence pattern, the survival rate, and the disease-specific survival of 135 patients by reviewing their medical records and calling the patients or their relatives. All enrolled patients were included in the intention-to-treat analysis of efficacy. Results: The follow-up rate was $89.6\%$ (121/135), and the median follow-up duration was 66 months. Among the 135 patients, 4 relapsed in group 1 (5-FU+cisplatin), 7 in group 2 (mitomycin C+oral 5-FU), and 6 in group 3 (oral 5-FU only). The overall survival rate was $89\%$ in group 1, $84\%$ in group 2, and $82\%$ in group 3. There were no differences in the overall survival rates and the disease-specific survival rates among the three groups. Conclusion: Oral chemotherapeutic agents have an acceptable effect for adjuvant chemotherapy compared with intravenous agent. However, a large-scale, prospective, randomized study, including a control group, is needed for an exact evaluation.

위 절제 후 재발된 조기위암 환자의 임상적 특징

정순재(Soon-Jai Jung),김병식(Byung-Sik Kim),오성태(Sung-Tae Oh),육정환(Jeong-Hwan Yook),최원용(Won-Yong Choi),이창환(Chang-Hwan Lee) 대한외과학회 2003 Annals of Surgical Treatment and Research(ASRT) Vol.65 No.1

Borrmann 4형 위암 환자에서 장기 생존자의 특성과 예후인자

류제호 ( Je Ho Ryu ),육정환 ( Jeong Hwan Yook ),김병식 ( Byung Sik Kim ),오성태 ( Sung Tae Oh ),정순재 ( Soon Tae Jung ),최원용 ( Won Yong Choi ) 대한소화기학회 2003 대한소화기학회지 Vol.41 No.1

Background/Aims: Prognosis of Borrmann type 4 gastric cancer is still poor. To improve the prognosis of patients with Borrmann type 4 gastric cancer, it is important to understand the clinicopathological features of patients with a long-term survival. Thus, we compared the characteristics of the patients with a long-term survival (survival duration more than 5 years) with patients with a short-term survival. Methods: We analyzed retrospectively 370 patients who were diagnosed as having Borrmann type 4 gastric cancer and underwent gastric resection between 1989 to 1997 at our hospital. Twenty-one percent of the patients survived longer than 5 years. For comparison of clinicopathlogical factors, the chi-square test was used and multivariate analysis was performed in order to focus on prognostic factors. Results: The 5-year survival rate of the total 370 patients was 21%. Significant difference was noted in the following variables: location of tumor, size, peritoneal metastsis, hepatic metastasis, lymph node metastasis, depth of invasion, stage and curability. In multivariate analysis, the location of tumor was the most significant independent prognostic factor. Conclusions: These results suggest that even in Borrmann type 4 gastric cancer, a localized disease can be cured by a radical resection. (Korean J Gastroenterol 2003;41:9-14)

개복 위절제술에 경험이 풍부한 술자에 의한 복강경 보조하 원위부 위절제술의 Learning Curve

김지훈,정영수,정오,임정택,육정환,오성태,박건춘,김병식,Kim, Ji-Hoon,Jung, Young-Soo,Jung, Oh,Lim, Jeong-Taek,Yook, Jeong-Hwan,Oh, Sung-Tae,Park, Kun-Choon,Kim, Byung-Sik 대한위암학회 2006 대한위암학회지 Vol.6 No.3

목적: 조기위암 치료에 있어서 복강경 위암 수술이 새로운 패러다임으로 정착하고 있다. 기존에 시행하고 있던 개복에 의한 위절제술에 익숙한 경험 많은 외과의사들은 복강경 위암 수술은 시간이 많이 소요되며 기술적으로 습득하는데 많은 제약이 있음을 느끼며 복강경 수술에 소극적 자세를 취하는 경향이 있다. 이에 저자 등은 개복 위절제술에 경험이 풍부한 외과의사에 의한 복강경 위절제술의 learning curve를 결정하고, 이에 영향을 미치는 요인들을 분석하였다. 대상 및 방법: 2005년 4월부터 2006년 3월까지 한 명의 술자에 의하여 수술전 조기 위암(cT1N0)으로 진단 받고 복강경 보조하 원위부 위절제술(LADG) 및 $D1+{\beta}$ 림프절 곽청을 시행 받은 62명을 대상으로 하였으며 복강경 위절제술 시행을 위하여 전문팀을 구성하였다. 대상 환자를 6명씩 한 그룹으로 총 10그룹(마지막 그룹은 8명으로 구성함)으로 나누어 각 그룹의 평균 수술시간을 비교하여 learning curve 극복 전후의 나이, 성별, 수술 후 합병증, 절개창의 길이, 수혈유무, 적출된 림프절 개수, 수술 전 후 혈색소 변화 등을 분석하였다. 결과: 평균 수술 시간을 분석한 결과 여섯 번째 그룹 (31st case)부터 수술 시간의 Plateau를 보였다. 이에 저자들은 learning curve 극복시점을 30th case (7개월)로 간주하였으며 극복 전후 집단 간의 평균 수술시간을 분석하였을 때 각각 $239.0{\pm}69.7$분과 $170.0{\pm}32.6$분으로 유의하게 나타났다(P<0.05), 양 군 간 평균나이, 성별, BMI, 수술 전후의 혈색소 수치변화, 적출된 림프절 개수 등은 유의한 차이를 보이지 않았다. 또한 절개창의 길이, 수혈유무, 수술 후 합병증 유무도 양 군 간에 통계적으로 유의하지 않았다. 결론: 저자들의 LADG learning curve 극복은 30예(7개월)로 다른 보고보다 일찍 도달할 수 있었다. 이는 개복 수술의 풍부한 경험, 전문 수술팀 구성, 그리고 단기간 집중적인 시술에 의한 것으로 생각된다. Purpose: The laparoscopy assisted gastrectomy has been increasingly reported as the treatment of choice for early gastric cancer. However, expert surgeons, who have performed a conventional open gastrectomy for a long time, tend to have a negative attitude toward laparoscopic procedures. The aim of this study was to determine the learning curve of a laparoscopy assisted distal gastrectomy (LADG) for a surgeon expert in performing an open gastrectomy and to analyze the factors that have an effect on a LADG. Materials and Methods: Between April 2005 and March 2006, 62 patients underwent a LADG with D1+beta lymph-node dissection. The 62 patients were divided into 10 sequential groups with 6 cases in each group (the last group was 8 cases), and the time required to reach the plateau of the learning curve was determined by examining the average operative times of these 10 groups. Other factors, such as sex, BMI, complications, transfusion requirements, the number of retrieved lymph nodes, and change of postoperative hemoglobin level, were also analyzed. Results: With the $5^{th}$ group (after 30 cases), the operative time reached a plateau (average: 170 min/operation). The differences between before the $30^{th}$ case and after the $31^{st}$ case with respect to changes in the postoperative hemoglobin level, the number of retrieved lymph nodes, the transfusion requirements, and the complications rate were not significant. Conclusion: According to an analysis of the operative time, experience with 30 LADGs in patients with early gastric cancer is the point at which the plateau of the learning curve (7 months) is reached. Abundant experience with a conventional open gastrectomy and a well-organized laparoscopic surgery team are important factors in overcoming the learning curie earlier.