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On the Preservation of Convergence in the Metric Spaces
유성룡 경기대학교 교육대학원 1998 경기교육논총 Vol.7 No.-
For real-valued functions of a real variable we know what It means for a sequence f₁, f₂,… of functions to tend uniformly or to tend simply, to a function f. In this paper, we introduce the filter and the filter base on the topological space. With the aids of these terminologies we study the properties for the convergent sequence of functions and these concepts in the general setting of metric spaces. Finally we show that let X be a locally compact space, Y a metric space, (fn) a sequence of continuous mapping of X into Y, f a mapping of X into Y, if (fn) tends to f uniformly on every compact set, then f is continuous.
유성룡 충북대학교 법학연구소 2014 法學硏究 Vol.25 No.1
Before the amendment to the Company Act (the “CA”) of Taiwan,directors are responsible persons of a company in accordance withArticle 8 of the CA, and the de jure director is a person elected throughlegal procedures. The responsibilities of the so-called“de facto directors”and “shadow directors” were not specifically regulated. Therefore, aperson, who is not appointed as a director, having similar operationalpower or privilege as a director is quite common in current practice. And,there are legal loopholes regarding corporate governance needed to besupplemented. The CA of Taiwan was amended on January 4, 2012. Paragraph 3, Article 8 of the newly amended CA provides that: “For acompany whose shares have been issued in public, a non-director who defacto conducts business of a director or de facto controls over themanagement of the personnel, financial or business operation of thecompany and de facto instructs a director to conduct business shall beliable for the civil, criminal and administrative liabilities as a director inthis Act, provided, however, that such liabilities shall not apply to aninstruction of the government to the director appointed by thegovernment for the purposes of economic development, promotion of social stability, or other circumstances which can promote publicinterests.” It is a milestone of the company legislations for introducingregulations governing shadow directors and de facto directors. However,it needs further clarification for the definition, application and theresponsibility scope of de facto directors and shadow directors before thecourts and regulators having enough experience and cases. For suchissues, the verdicts and latest regulations governing shadow directors andde facto directors. However, it needs further clarification for thedefinition, application and the responsibility scope of de facto directorsand shadow directors before the courts and regulators having enoughexperience and cases. For such issues, the verdicts and latest regulationsunder England legislations existed for along period may provide certaininspiration. This thesis will provide the preliminary explanation of thenew regulations and advice for the derivative problems after introducingsuch regulations. 经法定程序选任之法律上董事(de jure director)。对于事实上董事(defacto director)及影子董事(shadow director)之法律责任,则欠缺相关规范。因此,在公司实务上普遍存在非董事而享有与董事相同职能之人,此实为台湾公司治理上之法规缺漏。2012年台湾公司法增订第8条第3项:「公开发行股票之公司之非董事,而实质上执行董事业务或实质控制公司之人事、财务或业务经营而实质指挥董事执行业务者,与本法董事同负民事、刑事及行政罚之责任。但政府为发展经济、促进社会安定或其他增进公共利益等情形,对政府指派之董事所为之指挥,不适用之。」引进实质董事制度,乃公司法制上之重大里程碑。然而,关于实质董事该如何认定、适用以及其应负之责任范围为何,在法院及主管机关形成一定见解之前,仍有待厘清相关概念。关于此,英国法上长久以来累积之判决与最新公司法修正,应可提供一定之参考。本文拟就新修订之实质董事规定提出初步之解释,并对于引进此制度后可能衍生之相关问题,试图提出相关建议。