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왕승문(Sheng Wen Wang),김종민(Jong-Min Kim),황규근(Kyu Geun Hwang) 대한소아신경학회 2011 대한소아신경학회지 Vol.19 No.3
목적 : 신생아기의 뇌신경세포 발생은 일련의 신경줄기세포의 증식 및 분화과정에 의해서 이루어지며, 이 시기는 평생의 뇌기능을 결정하게 함으로 뇌의 성장 및 발생에 있어서 매우 중요하다. 따라서 임신기 태아 발생과정 중 물리화학적 환경의 영향은 정상적인 뇌 발생에 아주 치명적인 결과를 초래할 수 있다. 최근, 내분비계 장애물질로 알려진 비스페놀 A (BPA)는 플라스틱 가소제로서 광범위하게 사용되고 있는 물질이며, 생체 노출시 여러가지 악영향이 보고되어 있다. 본 연구는 BPA가 임신 중인 흰쥐모체에 노출되었을 경우, 신생 흰쥐의 뇌신경세포의 발생과정 중 해마의 뇌신경줄기세포의 증식과 분화상 어떠한 변화를 야기하는지 조사하고자 하였다. 방법 : BPA를 임신기 휜쥐 모체에 노출 후, 생후3, 7 및 14일째에 각각 신생 흰쥐의 뇌조직을 대상으로 하여 조직 및 생화학적 분석을 수행하였다. 결과 : 대조군의 경우, PCNA 면역염색 결과, 생후 3일째와 7일째 해마조직에서는 활발한 세포증식 현상이 관찰되었고, 생후 14일째에는 세포증식도가 낮고 형태학적으로 핵이 크고 세포질이 뚜렷한 세포가 관찰되었다. Nestin은 생후 7일째의 해마조직에서 가장 뚜렷하게 나타났고, 생후 14일째에서는 면역반응성이 관찰되지 않았다. 그리고 GFAP 면역반응 양성을 나타내는 별아교세포는 생후 7일째부터 관찰되었다. 그러나 BPA에 노출된 해마조직의 경우에서는, 1) PCNA-양성을 나타내는 증식세포의 수가 대조군에 비해 많았고, 2) nestin-양성세포가 생후 3일째에 일찍 발현하였다가 7일째에는 소멸되었으며, 3) GFAP-양성세포가 생후 3, 7, 14일 모두에서 대조군에 비해 수적으로 많았다. 뇌조직 내nestin 단백질의 양적변화를 Western blot법으로 분석한 결과, BPA 노출군은 대조군에 비해 nestin 단백량의 유의한 증가가 생후 3일째에 확인되었으나, 오히려 7일째에는 대조군에 비해 감소하였다. 결론 : 이와 같은 사실을 종합해 볼 때, BPA에의 노출은 출생후 소아뇌 해마조직 내 신경세포의 조기분화를 유도할 가능성이 있다고 추정된다. 따라서 이에 대한 분자생화학 수준의 추가적인 신경학 연구 및 평가가 필요하다고 생각한다. Purpose : Neurogenesis in neonatal period after birth occurs consequently through a series of neuronal stem/progenitor cell proliferation and differentiation. This stage is critical for determining of normal development and maturation of the brain throughout the life. Therefore, exposure to a certain physical or chemical factor(s) during pregnancy can result in serious damage in the developing brain. Bisphenol A (BPA), a plasticizer, is generally known as an endocrine disruptor exhibiting adverse effects when exposed to animals under experimental conditions. The purpose of this study was to investigate the changes in neuronal stem cell proliferation and differentiation during neonatal brain development in BPA-exposed pregnant rats. Methods : After exposure of BPA to pregnant rats, infant brains were excised at days 3, 7, and 14 after birth, and tissues were processed for histological and biochemical analyses. Results : Proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) immunostaining showed thatwhereas cells in the hippocampus at days 3 and 7 after birth were highly proliferating, the cells at day 14 divided less often. Immunohistochemical staining for nestin in the control group revealed that nestin-positive cells were only observed at day 3 after birth, but the immunoreactivity was not observed at day 14. In addition, glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) immunoreactive cells were observed from days 7 to 14 in control tissues. However, in the BPA-exposed groups, 1) the number of PCNApositive cells in the BPA-exposed groups at days 3 and 7 were higher than those of the control, 2) nestin-positive cells were observed at day 3 which is earlier than that of control, and 3) GFAP-positive cells were detected in the hippocampus tissue from day 3. Furthermore, western blotting showed that exposure to BPA in pregnant rats resulted in earlier expression of nestin in the neuronal rat brain compared to the controls. Conclusion : Taken together, it is assumed that precocious neurogenesis in the infant rat hippocampus might be due to BPA exposure during the gestational period. Further studies on adult brain perinatally exposed to BPA are needed to evaluate the pathological status of the hippocampus.
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단일 기관에서 소아 굴곡성 기관지내시경에 대한 임상 경험
안혜성 ( Hye Sung Ahn ),최은정 ( Eun Jeong Choi ),윤현진 ( Hyun Jin Yun ),왕승문 ( Sheng Wen Wang ),권은영 ( Eun Young Kwon ),황규근 ( Kuy Geun Hwang ),이영석 ( Young Seok Lee ),정진아 ( Jin A Jung ) 대한소아알레르기호흡기학회(구 대한소아알레르기 및 호흡기학회) 2011 소아알레르기 및 호흡기학회지 Vol.21 No.3
Purpose: This study was performed to investigate the indications, bronchoscopic findings, results of bronchoalveolar lavage, and complications and to report the clinical features of using flexible bronchoscopy for respiratory diseases in children. Methods: We studied 105 patients who underwent flexible bronchoscopy at the Department of Pediatrics, Dong-A University Medical Center from June 2001 to June 2008. A bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) was performed if need, and the BAL fluid was cultured for bacteria and fungi. We performed an acid-fast bacilli (AFB) smear and culture. Result: The most common indication for flexible bronchoscopy was suspected pulmonary tuberculosis (37 cases, 35.2%). The most common abnormal finding was excessive secretion, which was found in 53 cases (50.4%). BAL bacterial cultures were performed in 10 of 38 cases, and Hemophilus influenza was the most common organism and was found in three cases (7.8%). There were 17 AFB culture-positive cases (49.3%) among the 37 suspected pulmonary tuberculosis cases. Among these 17, the Tb-polymerase chain reaction (Tb-PCR) was conducted for four cases (23.5%) but only two cases (50%) were positive. TB-specific antigen-induced interferon-gamma was performed in four cases (23.5%), and all four cases (100%) were positive. Conclusion: Pediatric flexible bronchoscopy has made it possible to vary the indication and subjects. It was also safe and effective if used carefully. Further study should be conducted to develop safe and useful technology to overcome the limitations. [Pediatr Allergy Respir Dis(Korea) 2011;21:226-233]
KCI
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