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엄태환,유순규,최혜경,정지연 사단법인 한국응급구조학회 2010 한국응급구조학회지 Vol.14 No.3
Purpose: To minimize an interruption in chest compression, reduce the hands-off time, the American Heart Association has recommended the ratio of chest compression to ventilation ratio to 30:2 from 2005 CPR guideline to 2010 CPR guideline. However, current studies have shown that the hands-off time was > 10 seconds with that method. For this reason, we devised new CPR method that a ventilation to chest compression ratio of 2:30 to reduce pt assessment time and skipped the assessment step of carotid artery pulse would be a more effective way to reduce the hands-off time & the time to set the CPR. According to the more detailed purpose are listed below. 1) We would like to confirm efficiency of a ventilation to chest compression ratio of 2:30than a chest compression to ventilation ratio of 30:2 to reduce the hands-off time &the time to set the CPR. 2) We would like to evaluate possibility of increasing for chest compression accuracy of a ventilation to chest compression ratio of 2:30 than a chest compression to ventilation ratio of 30:23) We would like to evaluate possibility of increasing for ventilation accuracy of a ventilation to chest compression ratio of 2:30 than a chest compression to ventilation ratio of 30:2Methods: According to 2005 American Heart Association Guidelines, 60 paramedic students(20 students X freshmen, sophomore, junior) performed 5 cycles of 30 chest compressions : 2 ventilations after A, B, C evaluation with Laerdal ResusciⓇ Anne SkillReporters. After 5 minutes rest, the 60 students performed 5 cycles of 2 ventilations :30 chest compressions after A, B evaluation with the manikins between 13 and 17 September 2010. The short reports including speed & accuracy of chest compression, respiratory, CPR cycle were gained from the manikins. Hands-off times were measured by assistants. Results: Recently, the importance of high quality CPR was emphasized in order to perform the CPR faster and more accurate. To find out improving the conventional CPR method, we switch the procedure of the compression and the ventilation. By switching the procedure back and forth, we are able to compare the effectiveness of CPR between two type of CPR method which are 2:30 and 30:2 methods. 2:30 is that the breaths is delivered twice, first and perform 30 compressions while 30:2 perform 30 compressions first and give 2 breaths followed by the ABC method. Also, we verify the effectiveness of the hands off time, compression accuracy of the compression through the comparison of the two procedure as mentioned earlier. Consequently research verified that 2:30 is the efficient by providing faster set up delivering more accurate chest compression. Conclusion: 2:30 can minimize a time delay from cardiac standstill until starting the chest compression. In addition, hands-off time which is an interruption in chest compression can be shortened by 2:30 method, which result to effective oxygenation of coronary artery &maintenance of the bloodstream. Once again, performing the 2:30 method provide lessen hands off time and increase the accuracy of the chest compression.
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스포츠 문화관광 축제의 지각된 가치가 방문객의 만족도 및 선택속성에 미치는 영향
엄태환,오재근,문태영 한국자료분석학회 2009 Journal of the Korean Data Analysis Society Vol.11 No.2
The purpose of this study is to show possible effects of perceived values of sport and cultural tourism festival upon visitors' satisfaction and behaviors of choice, so that it can provide basic information required to prepare an empirical marketing Plan for future-oriented development of sport tourism. To meet the above goals, this study surveyed 250 visitors who participated in sport tourism event held in Gangwon province, Korea in 2008. Here, our visitors were asked to fill out self-administered questionnaire form according to convenience sampling. Out of all collected questionnaire forms, only valid 218 questionnaire forms except 32 invalid or incomplete ones were used for data analysis. This study used analytical techniques such as frequency analysis, reliability analysis, factor analysis, t-test, ANOVA, multiple regression analysis and correlation analysis. The results of data analysis can be outlined as follows: First, sociodemographic characteristics of participants in sport and cultural tourism festival event had significant effects upon perceived values, visitors' satisfaction and behaviors of choice. Secondly, the perceived values of sport and cultural tourism festival events had so much significant effects upon visitors' satisfaction. Thirdly, perceived values of sport and cultural tourism festival had significant effects on behaviors of choice. Fourthly, visitors' satisfaction was positively correlated with their behaviors of choice, as demonstrated in the correlation analysis. 본 연구는 국내 스포츠 문화관광 축제의 지각된 가치가 방문객의 만족도 및 선택속성을 파악할 수 있는 관광지에 대한 평가, 지각된 가치, 방문객 만족, 선택속성(재방문의도, 추천의도)의 각 변인들 간의 관계를 규명함으로써 마케팅 전략에 필요한 기초 자료를 제시하고자 하였다. 따라서 본 연구의 궁극적 초점은 일회성 방문이 아닌 지속적인 고객 유치로 지역경제의 경쟁력을 키울 수 있는 국내 스포츠관광 시장의 내실화에 두었다. 국내 스포츠 문화관광 축제 참여자 250명을 표집하여 설문조사를 실시하였고, 수집된 자료는 SPSS 14.0 통계프로그램을 이용하여 분석하였다. 그 결과 스포츠 문화관광 축제 참여자의 특성에 따른 지각된 가치, 방문객 만족도, 선택속성, 지각된 가치는 방문객 만족과 선택속성에 각각 유의한 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났으며, 방문객 만족과 선택속성간의 상관관계가 있는 것으로 나타났다. 따라서 국내 스포츠 문화관광 축제 기획 관련자가 이 같은 특성을 토대로 마케팅 전략을 수립한다면 축제 지역이나 참여자가 지역문화 관광축제를 널리 알리고 지역경제 활성화 및 내실화를 이룰 수 있는 발판으로 활용할 수 있을 것이다.
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엄태환,박정현,김지희 한국자료분석학회 2008 Journal of the Korean Data Analysis Society Vol.10 No.6
The purpose of this study was to explain the relationship of ethical attitude and morality. The questionnaire research was conducted for 410 paramedics and fire fighters who work in Seoul metropolitan fire station from October to December, 2007. The data were analyzed by SPSS 14.0. In order to know the general features of the answerers, frequency analysis and descriptive analysis were used. The ethical attitude and morality of paramedic were classified into 1, 2, and 3. The ethical attitude and morality 1 was continuous medical education(CME), agility for emergency patient care, leadership, confidentiality, competency, impartiality for patient care, integrity, honesty, prudence and protection for patients. The ethical attitude and morality 2 was practice for humanism, cooperation with health personnel, welfare promotion for patients, proper management for collaborates and resources, improvement for emergency medical service, obligation, honour and informed consent. The ethical attitude and morality 3 was sympathy, respect and altruism for the patients. The relationship between the ethical attitude and morality proved to be significantly positive with each other. Ethical attitude and morality 1 was positive relation with ethical attitude and morality 2(r=.735) and attitude and morality 3(r=.570). The ethical attitude and morality 2 was positive relation with ethical attitude and morality 3(r=.572). 본 연구는 구급대원의 자질과 자세에 대한 인식도를 조사하기 위하여 설문조사 및 통계분석을 실시한 연구이다. 서울특별시 소방본부에 근무하는 1급 및 2급 응급구조사와 소방관 410명을 대상으로 설문 조사를 하였고, 자료 수집은 2007년 10월부터 12월까지 실시하였다. 자료 분석은 SPSS 14.0 통계패키지를 사용하였다. 연구대상의 일반적 특성을 파악하기 위해 빈도분석과 기술통계분석을 실시하였다. 일반적 특성에 따른 자질과 자세의 차이는 t-test, ANOVA를 실시하였고, 집단 간의 차이는 Duncan의 사후분석을 하였다. 응급 현장의 구급대원이 가져야 할 자질과 자세를 크게 자질과 자세 1, 2, 3으로 구분하였다. 자질과 자세 1은 지속적인 의학지식의 습득과 연마, 응급환자에 대한 민첩한 대응(agility), 리더십, 환자에 대한 비밀 보호, 능력, 편견 없는 환자진료(impartiality), 진실성(integrity), 정직성(honesty), 신중함(prudence), 취약한 환자에 대한 보호이다. 자질과 자세 2는 인류애(humanism)의 실천, 다른 보건의료인과의 협조적 관계, 환자의 복지증진, 동료 보건 의료인의 잘못과 부정을 지적하고 개선을 위한 적절한 행동 취하기, 응급의료자원의 신중한 사용 및 책임감 있는 관리자 역할, 응급의료체계의 개선을 위한 노력, 의업의 이념과 명예 드높이기, 환자에 대한 충분한 설명과 동의이다. 자질과 자세 3은 동정심, 환자에 대한 존경심(respect), 이타성(altruism)이다. 연구의 목적은 응급의료종사자들이 응급의료를 제공함에 있어 윤리적 갈등이 발생하였을 때 윤리 결정을 하기 위한 이론적 근거를 제시하고, 응급의료종사자의 윤리 의식을 확립하고자 한다. 자질과 자세의 상관관계를 분석한 결과, 자질과 자세 1은 자질과 자세 2(r=.735), 자질과 자세 3(r=.570)과 양의 상관관계가 있으며, 자질과 자세 2는 자질과 자세 3(r=.572)과 양의 상관관계가 있는 것으로 나타났다.
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엄태환 한국응급구조학회 2001 한국응급구조학회지 Vol.5 No.1
The purposes of this study which was conducted by inquiring into some curricula for Emergency Medical Dispatcher(EMDs) are to introduce a curriculum into Korea and develop a textbook for training of the EMDs in Korea. The conclusions from this study were summarized as follows; (1) There are some professional demands in our Emergency Medical Dispatch field therefore, now it is necessary to set up an education system for the EMDs in Korea and give them a suitable name to this change. (2) Some historical turning points which are condensed from the developmental process in the USA including "Medical Self Help" with no formal dispatch protocols. Medical Priority Dispatch System, Practice Standard, Dispatch Protocols will serve as a good reference for establishing an education system for the ENDS. (3) To effectively train the ENDS in Korea. we needed to be introduced to Emergency Medical Dispatch : National Standard of Curriculum from the US. Department of Transportation & the National Highway Traffic Safety Administration which is nude up Basic Emergency Medical Concepts. Information Gatherin & Dispatch: Introduction to the Emergency Medical Dispatch Protocol Reference Sytem(EMDPRS) & 32 Chief Complaint Types. (4) The introduced curricuium closely related to the medical director, the direct· indirect to the control, the scope of practice in the USA. should be revised for the Emergency Medical Service System of Korea. But to reduce the developmental process & time. it is necessary to postpone the consideration on these factors until publishing a new textbook. (5) This study which gives the cornerstone about some developmental methods on textbook for EMDs will be helpful to build up an education system for EMBDs such as Curriculum. EMD Certification, National Academy of Emergency Medical Dispatch to fit the Emergency Medical Service System of Korea in the future.
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