Tensiomyography를 이용한 대학 남자 축구선수의 하지 근수축 특성 분석

어은실(EoEun-shil),윤진환(YoonJin-hwan),황부근(HwangBoo-geun) 한국체육학회 2018 한국체육학회지 Vol.57 No.2

Tensiomyography(TMG)는 단일 전기 자극에 대한 반응으로 근육의 수축 특성을 평가하기 위한 상대적으로 새로운 방법이다. 본 연구는 TMG를 이용하여 대학 남자 축구선수의 하지 근수축 특성을 분석하기 위해 수행되었다. 이를 위해 총 20명의 대학 남자 축구선수가 참여하였으며, 양쪽 하지의 안쪽넓은근(VM), 가쪽넓은근(VL), 넙다리곧은근(RF), 넙다리두갈래근(BF), 반힘줄모양근(ST)에서 안정시 TMG 변인(Dm, Tc, Tr, Ts, Td)을 평가하였다. 연구결과 우세측과 비우세측에 대한 영향은 VM의 Tc와 Td(각각 p<.05, p<.05)를 제외한 대부분의 변인에서 유의한 차이가 없었고, 무릎 신전근은 굴곡근에 비해 비교적 양호한 근긴장도와 빠른 근수축 속도가 나타났다. 즉, Dm은 우세측과 비우세측 모두 RF가 VL, BF, ST 보다 유의하게(각각 p<.01, p<.01, p<.05), VM이 VL과 ST보다 유의하게(각각 우세측; p<.01, p<.01, 비우세측; p<.001, p<.01) 높았으며, Tc는 우세측의 경우 VM과 VL은 RF와 ST 보다 유의하게(각각 p<.05, p<.05, p<.05, p<.05), 비우세측의 경우 VL은 RF와 ST 보다 유의하게(각각 p<.05, p<.05) 빠른 것으로 나타났다. 이러한 결과는 축구선수의 스포츠-특이적인 요구와 특성이 반영된 것으로 생각되며, 이들 자료는 대학 남자 축구선수들의 상해 예방 및 트레이닝 프로그램 계획에 중요한 정보를 제공할 수 있을 것으로 기대한다. Tensiomyography(TMG) is a relatively new technique used to assess the contractile properties of muscles in response to a single electrical stimulus. The purpose of this study was to examine the contractile properties of lower extremity muscles in collegiate soccer players using TMG. Twenty male soccer players were recruited for this study. The maximal displacement(Dm), delay time(Td), contraction time(Tc), sustained time(Ts), and half-relaxation time(Tr) were obtained for the following muscles in all subjects: vastus medialis(VM), vastus lateralis((VL), rectus femoris(RF), semitendinosus(ST), biceps femoris(BF) in both lower extremities. The results of the study shows that there were no significant differences in vast majority TMG parameters between both lower extremities except for the Tc(p<.05) and Td(p<.05) of the VM, and the knee extensor muscle had relatively good muscular tension and contraction speed compared to the knee flexor muscles. Therefore, on both dominant and non-dominant sides, Dm was significantly higher in the RF than VL(p<.01), BF(p<.01), and ST(p<.05). And VM had significantly higher Dm than VL(dominant; p<.01, non-dominant; p<.01) and ST(dominant; p<.001, non-dominant; p<.01). In Tc, VM(p<.05) and VL(p<.05) were significantly faster than RF(p<.05) and ST(p<.05) in the dominant side. And VL was significantly faster than RF(p<.05) and ST(p<.05) on the non-dominant side. These results are thought to reflect the sports-specific needs and characteristics of soccer players, and these data may provide important information for injury prevention and training program designing for male collegiate soccer players.

Tensiomyography를 이용한 고등학교 농구선수의 무릎관절 신전 및 굴곡 근육의 수축 특성 비교

어은실(Eo, Eun-Shil),황부근(Hwang, Boo-Geun) 한국사회체육학회 2017 한국사회체육학회지 Vol.0 No.69

The purpose of this study is to examine the contractile properties of the knee flexor and extensor muscles in male high-school basketball players using Tensiomyography. 8male highschool basketball players without history of musculoskeletal injures during the past 6 months were recruited for the study. A non-invasive Tensiomyography (TMG) method was used to measure Displacement (Dm,) Delay time (Tm), Contraction time (Tc), Sustain time (Ts) and Relaxation time (Tr). The results show the followings. First, there were no significant difference in Dm, Ts, Tr, Td of the knee extensors in dominant leg. However, Tc was significantly faster (p〈.05) in knee extensors in dominant leg. Second, all parameters(Dm, Tc, Ts) except Tr and Td showed significant difference (P〈.001) of the knee extensors, and significantly high Dm (〈P.001), faster Tc (P〈.001) and Ts (P〈.001) in the knee extensors of the non-dominant leg. These results can provide vital information in developing proper training programs for basketball players to prevent injuries and decrease risk factors. Further TMG studies are expected to take up an important role in determining training programs specified to the muscle status of each athlete.

장기간 훈련이 임피던스 심장기록법에 의한 운동중 심근산소소비량 및 좌심실 기능에 미치는 영향

오미경,어은실,최건식,황수관 대한스포츠의학회 1994 대한스포츠의학회지 Vol.12 No.1

Impedance cardiography gas been used to measure stroke volume and left ventricular ejection time since 196's and the measuring technique have been improved to use during exercise. However, the old technique made impedance recording unreadable due to motion artifacts during exercise. Recently, ensemble averaging technique with elastic meshed brass band was applied to it for eliminating motion artifact during exercise. Then, it was used to compare the cardiac function between athletes and non-athletes during bicycle ergometer exercise. The results are summarized as follows. 1) Heart rate of the athletes was significantly lower during exercise and more rapidly recovered after exercise that that of the non-athletes. Systolic blood pressure and diastolic blood pressure of the athletes was lower than those of the non-athletes. 2) Rate-pressure product(RPP) showing myocardial O_2 consumption of the athletes was significantly lower than that of the non-athletes. 3) Left ventricular ejection time(LVET) of the athletes was significantly longer than that of the non-athletes. 4) Cardiac index(CI) of the athletes was significantly higher than that of the non-athletes. While CI of the athletes was continuously increased up to 18 minutes during exercise, that of the non-athletes was increased up to 15 minutes and then decreased at 18 minutes. 5) At the same LVET and RRP, CI of the athletes was significantly higher than that of the non-athlethes. 6) Correlations between LVET and RPP, RPP and CI, LVET and CI during exercise, there was no significant difference between athletes and non-athletes. From these results above, it is concluded that the cardiac function of the athletes is superior to that of the non-athletes by comparing all the parameters. This newly improved impedance cardiography was able to measure LVET and cardiac index, noninvasively, and is expected to contribute to the study for evaluating the cardiac function of the athletes during exercise as well as that of the patients in cardiac problems.

건강교육 : 본태성 고혈압환자에서 운동중 혈청지질이 혈압에 미치는 영향

정영자,최건식,어은실,황수관 ( Y . J . Jung,K . S . Choi,E . S . Eo,S . K . Hwang ) 한국체육학회 1993 국제스포츠 학술대회 Vol.1993 No.-

자연과학편 : The change of cardiac function measured by the new impedance cardiography technique during treadmill exercise

황수관(SooKwanHwang),어은실(EunShilEo),최건식(KunSikChoi),송혜진(HyeJinSong),김덕원(DeokWonKim) 한국체육학회 1992 한국체육학회지 Vol.31 No.2

임피던스 심장기록법을 이용하여 심박출량을 측정한 연구는 다수 있었으나, 운동중에는 임피던스 심장기록법을 이용한 연구는 거의 없는 실정이다. 이는 달리기와 같이 신체의 움직임으로 인해 생기는 motion artifact 때문에 심박줄량의 측정이 어렵기 때문이다. 그래서 운동중 임피던스 심장기록법의 개발이 절실히 요구되었다. 따라서, 본 연구는 임피던스 심장기록법을 개발하여, 운동중에 심박출량을 측정함으로써 운동중에 심장기능이 어떻게 변화하는지 알아보는데 그 목적을 두었다. 새로 개발한 임피던스 심장기록법은 다음과 같다.피부와의 견고한 접촉과 땀흡수를 위해 원통형의 청동망 전극 속에 탄력밴드를 삽입하였으며, 트레드밀 상에서 운동중에 생기는 충격을 흡수하기 위해 실리콘 고무와 스폰지를 운동화 밑창에 부착 시켰다.동시에 motion artifact를 최소화시키고, 더 정확한 측정결과를 얻기 위해 앙상블 평균법을 개발하여 사용하였다.위의 방법을 이용하여 선수군과 비선수군간에 심장기능의 차이점을 알아 보기 위해 심박수, 일회박출량, 심박출량과 운동중 좌심실 수축간격인 좌심실 구혈시간을 구했다.운동중 선수군의 심박수는 비선수군에 비해 운동중과 운동후에 계속해서 유의하게 낮은 값을 보였으며, 운동후에는 더 빨리 감소하였다.선수군의 일회 박출량은 운동전, 운동중, 운동후에 유의한 차를 보였으며, 비선수군에 비해 높은 값을 유지하였다. 양군에서 일회 박출량은 운동 초기에 급속히 증가했으나 시간이 경과함에 따라 후반에는 심박수와 같이 큰 폭의 증가는 보이지 않았다.선수군의 심박출량은 운동중 비선수군에 비해 유의하게 높았으나 일회박출량과 같이 큰 폭의 차이는 나타나지 않았으며, 이는 선수군에서의 심박수가 비선수군에 비해 낮은 값을 보이기 때문이다. 심박수, 일회박출량, 심박출량 간의 상관관계는 양군에서 모두 높았다.선수군의 좌심실 구혈시간은 운동전, 운동중, 운동후 모두 비선수군에 비해 유의하게 길었으며, 좌심실 구혈시간과 심박수 간의 상관관계 는 서로 높은 역상관 관계를 나타내었다.심박수, 일회박출량, 심박출량, 좌심실 구혈시간을 측정하여 얻은 위의 결과로 부터, 선수군의 심장기능이 우수함을 알 수 있으며, 특히 측정이 어려운 운동중의 심장기능을 새로 개발된 임피던스 심장기록법을 이용하여 측정이 가능하게 한 것이 의의있는 연구로 사료된다.이 새로운 심장기록법은 앞으로 운동중에 심장질환자의 심장기능의 평가 뿐 아니라 많은 운동선수들의 심장기능을 평가하는데 기여할 것으로 기대되는 바이다.

자연과학편 : 본태성 고혈압환자에서 운동중 혈청지질이 혈압에 미치는 영향

정영자(YoungJaJung),최건식(KunSikChoi),어은실(EunShilEo),황수관(SooKwanHwang) 한국체육학회 1993 한국체육학회지 Vol.32 No.1

In essential hypertension, to see the influence of serum lipids on blood pressures during exercise, 40 normotensives and 21 hypertensives were subjected to measure serum TCH, HDL-C, LDL-C, TCH/HDL-C and TG and to measure blood pressures, heart rate and myocardial oxygen consumption before, during and after exercise.All of the results are followed by:1. Cholesterol concentrations and body fat were slightly increased in hypertensives compared with normotensives but it had no significant differences, and triglycerides in hypertensives (177±18.15㎎/dl) was significantly increased compared with normotensives(129.2±9.17㎎/dl) (p<0.05).2. Heart rate before, during, and after exercise had no significant differences between hypertensives and normotensives, but the rate of increase of heart rate was slightly lower in hypertensives than in normotensives as the exercise was graded up.3. Absolute blood pressures in hypertensives was significantly higher than in normotensives before, during, and after exercise(p<0.05). but the rate of increase of systolic blood pressures was much lower than in normotensives as the exercise was graded up, and diastolic blood pressures were slightly down at initial on exercise but tended to come back to the level of the resting blood pressures according to the progression toward the end of the exercise.4. Myocardial oxygen consumption in hypertensives was significantly higher than in normotensives before, during, after exercise, but tended to decrease in the rate of increase of myocardial oxygen consumption as the exercise graded up.5. Heart rate in hypertensive group beyond the normal range of total cholesterol was significantly lower than in hypertensive group of the normal range of total cholesterol during exercise and after exercise(p<0.05), and the group of high lipid concentrations was showen to have slightly the low rate of increase of heart rate.6. In hypertensives, the group beyond normal TCH/HDL-C concentrations was significantly higher than the normal range of TCH/HDL-C in absolute blood pressures(p<0.05) before and after exercise(p<0.05). Incontrast, the rate of increase of systolic blood pressures and diastolic blood pressures during exercise was slightly lower in group beyond normal range of lipid concentrations than in normal range of lipid concentrations.7. In hypertensives, myocardial oxygen consumption in group of high TG concentration(18.7±0.98 beats/min mmHg) was significantly lower than in group of normal TG concentrations(23.1±1.54beats/min mmHg) during exercise(p<0.05), and the rate of increase of myocardial oxygen consumption during exercise tended to be slightly down.In conclusion, the hypertensives with high serum lipid concentration has showen their high blood pressures, especially in diastolic blood pressure before, after and during exercise. But, the rate of increase of the heart rate, the blood pressure and myocardial oxygen demand during exercise had the tendency to be slightly decreased. This decreasement may result from the dysfunction of ventricle and sympathetic nervous system due to high blood pressure of hypertensives with high lipid concentration.In particular, TCH, TCH/HDL-C and TG among the ingredients of serum lipids may be influence on each heart rate, blood pressure and myocardial oxygen consumption of hypertensives.

하절기 및 동절기 운동시 에너지 소비량과 전해질 변화

황수관,최건식,김양수,어은실,백광세,성동진,육조영 대한스포츠의학회 1993 대한스포츠의학회지 Vol.11 No.1

In this study changes of energy expenditure and electrolytes were measured on exercise in summer and winter seasons. Thirty health male were divided into walking, jogging, and running groups. 1. in summer season the oxygen uptake, heart rate, ventilation and energy expenditure were higher than in winter season. The jogging group was significantly greater than that of the running group in summer and winter seasons. 2. Rectal temperature was significantly increased during walking and jogging in summer and winter seasons. Skin temperature was significantly of jogging group was significantly great differance than that of other groups between summer and winter season. 3. Hematocrit ratio was increased after exercise in summer and winter seasons and the jogging and running groups were significantly greater. Variation of weight was significantly decreased after exercise in summer and winter seasons, and walking and jogging groups are greater than that of running group. 4. Blood osmolality was significantly increased after exercise in summer and winter seasons, and running group were greater than that of walking group. Urine osmolality

기능적 족관절 불안정성 환자에서 발목 원판 훈련의 효과

나영무,문재호,성연재,이홍재,이한수,어은실 대한스포츠의학회 1999 대한스포츠의학회지 Vol.17 No.2

Objective : The purpose of this study is to determine the effect of the ankle disk training on the contraction pattern of peroneous longus and tibialis anterior muscles of the patients with functional ankle instability resulted from repeated inversion injury. Method : Fourteen patients with functional ankle instability and fourteen age-matched healthy subjects participated in this study. With attaching surface electrode to the peroneous longus and tibialis anterior muscles, inversion moment at the ankle was induced by a platform with trap door. While inducing inversion moment, onset time of contraction of the two muscles was assessed and compared by electromyography(EMG). And the changes in onset time of contraction between pretraining and post-six-week ankle disk training were assessed. Results : In experimental group, the onset time of contraction of the peroneus longus muscle during inversion moment was significantly slower than that of tibialis anterior muscle(p<0.05). And the difference of the onset time of contraction between peroneus longus muscle and tibialis anterior muscle was positively correlated with the number of time of injury(p<0.05). The onset time of contraction of the peroneus longus muscle in both stable and unstable ankle after the six-week ankle disk training became significantly short(p<0.05). Conclusion : This study examined the effect of ankle disk training as one form of proprioceptive training on muscle reaction times, and its results my explain why such training can help protect aganist further ankle sprain in patients with functional ankle instability.

자연과학편 : 최대운동시 운동선수의 동정맥 산소분압 차이 ( a - vO₂ ) 의 변화양상

황수관(SooKwanHwang),최건식(KunSikChoi),송혜진(HyeJinSong),어은실(EunShilEo) 한국체육학회 1992 한국체육학회지 Vol.31 No.1

For study of arteriovenous oxygen difference after maximal exercise, selected several kinds of healthy male athletes, which aged 20∼23 year without cardiovascular disease : four swimmers with experience between seven to ten years, five marathoners, six footballers. five baseballers. and nine college non-athletes. The arteriovenous oxygen differences were calculated using the oxygen uptake and cardiac output. Oxygen uptakes were measured by gas-autoanalyzer and cardiac output by impedance cardiography.The results of this study were as follow:1. Maximal oxygen uptakes of the marathoners. 60.5㎖. and the footballers, 48.3㎖. were significantly higher han that of the non-athletes. 40.7㎖. Those of the swimmer ahtletes and the bass ballers were approximately the same as that of the non-athletes.2. Maximal cardiac outputs of the marathoners, 21.5L/min, was significantly higher than that of the non-athletes. 15.8L/min, and that of the footballers. 18.5L/min, was the second highest. Those of swim arthletes and baseballers were approximately the same as that of the non-athletes.3. Maximal stroke volume of marathoners, 120.5㎖, was significantly higher than that of the non-athletes. 85.20㎖, and that of the footballers, 100.0L/min, was the second highest. Those of swim artheltes and baseballers were approximately the same as that of the non-athletes.4. Arteriovenous oxygen differences were somewhat higher values in all athletes than in non-athletes before the exercise. After exercise, however, the maximum arteriovenous oxygen differences of the footaballers, 18.05㎖, and baseballers, 17.79㎖, were somewhat higher than that of the non-athletes. That of the marathoners was the highest among the all athletes at 1 minute after exercise and this value sustained until the recovery 6 minutes the same as that of the footballers.The results above, suggested that athletes have superior cardiac pulmonary function, and both the marathoners and the footballers with endurance training have larger arteriovenous oxygen difference than another athletes after maximal exercise.

태권도 경기중 운동강도 및 피로도 분석

김성수(Sung Soo Kim),최형규(Hyun Gyu Choi),어은실(Eun Sil Oh),김영표(Young Pyo Kim),천병옥(Byung Ock Chun),신말순(Mal Soon Sim),이재현(Jae Hyun Lee),이희혁(Hi Hyuck Lee) 한국사회체육학회 1999 한국사회체육학회지 Vol.11 No.-

The purpose of this study was to determine the exercise intensity and the degree of fatigue of Taekwondo match, measuring the respiratory variables with ambulatory gas analyzers and the lactate concentration. The subjects were 10 of elite college Taekwondo players in bantam and feather weights. The Taekwondo match was three 3 minute rounds whit 1 minute rest among the rounds, which was the same as actual TaeKwondo match and the lactate concentration was measured just after each round. The results are following ; 1. There is a statistically significant difference in the HR between the first round and second, third rounds during Taekwondo match; the HRs of second and third rounds are higher than that of the first round. 2. There is no significant difference in the oxygen consumption among the rounds during Taekwondo match. 3. There is no significant difference in the energy expenditure among therounds during Taekwondo match. 4. There is a statistically significant difference in the lactate concentration between first round and second, third rounds during Taekwondo match; the lactate concentration of the first round is higher than those of the second and third rounds.