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양보경(Bo Kyung Yang) 한국문화역사지리학회 2004 문화 역사 지리 Vol.16 No.1
This article is to review old Korean maps produced in Chosun dynasty prior to the annexation of Korea by japan in 1910 and see how the East Sea, a sea surrounded by the countries Korea, japan, Russia, and China, is described in them. There are many old Korean maps included in the Upchis(邑誌, chorographic records by county) and other general books as well. However, this article will concentrate only on the old maps produced exclusively as a map. Due to the invasions by China in the 13th century, japan in the 16th century, and twice by the Ching Dynasty in the mid 17th centuries limited the number of old maps remaining to date. As most of these existing old Korean maps were produced after the 17th century. The East Sea in these in Chosun dynasty maps are presented in one of the following 8 ways. First, the East Sea appears in the map but without a place name, this type of documentation appears in the greatest number of maps. Second, there is only a direction mentioned as 'East' in the empty space of the sea on these maps. As it has no specific place name, it can be categorized as being similar to the first type of representation in the maps. Third, the maps, where the East Sea is described as Taehae (大海, great sea)', 'Hae (海, sea)', Tongjo Taehae (東抵大海, easttoward great sea)', or 'Tongjop Taehae (東接大海, east adjoining great sea). These types of maps comprise the second largest number of maps. Fourth are the maps, where the East Sea is clearly mentioned as 'Tonghae (東海, East Sea)'. On the fifth type of map, 'Tonghae' is written on the land, not in the space of the sea. Sixth, these maps describe the sea as 'Taehanhae (大韓海, Great Korean Sea)'. Seventh, these maps describe the sea as 'the Sea of japan' (日本海). Eighth, these maps have unique traditional names such as 'Changhae Uum, a blue expanse of water; Blue Sea)', and 'Tongyanghae (東洋海, the Oriental Sea), As the first and second types of maps have no specific place names, they have been excluded from the analysis of this paper, and the analysis will be from the third through the eighth types of maps. After the 18th century, maps with the East sea mentioned as 'Tonghae' increased tremendously both in number and category. In almost all types of Korean old maps including world maps, general maps, provincial maps, and kun-hyon(county) maps there appears 'Tonghae (East sea), In particular, in terms of map maker, the government mostly produces the maps referring to the East Sea as Tonghae. As time goes by, a growing number of maps described the East Sea as 'Tonghae.' Beside, though small in number, it is noteworthy that they refer to the East Sea as blue sea, 'oriental sea', 'great Korea Sea'
양보경(Bo-Kyung Yang) 대한지리학회 2015 대한지리학회지 Vol.50 No.6
일본 최대의 한국본 고서 소장 도서관 중의 하나인 동양문고에는 풍부한 지리 관련 자료가 소장되어 있다. 지리지(地理志)의 편찬과 개선방안을 기록한 『기인한상량 杞人間商量』을 비롯해 다수의 군현읍지들, 조선 후기 도로와 유통의 발달을 반영한 도로망을 기록한 『해동도리표』 등 다양한 조선시대의 지리 자료들이 소장되어 있다. 동양문고 소장 지도와 지리지 중에는 한국에 소장본이 확인되지 않은 유일본들이 다수 포함되어 있어 중요한 지리학적 가치를 지닌다. 특히 지도 중에는 고산자 김정호의 『대동여지도』 6종을 비롯해 매우 중요한 고지도들이 소장되어 있다. 마에마 교사쿠(前間恭作)의 소장인이 찍힌 고산자 김정호의 『대동여지도』와 『수선전도』, 시데하라 다이라(幣原坦) 소장본이었던 20리 방안지도인 『강역전도』와 10리 방안지도인 『동여도』, 정상기의 『동국지도』 유형의 매우 훌륭한 팔도의 도별 지도인 『근구팔역 槿邱八幅』, 해주신본 계열의 『좌해지도 左海地圖』, 특히 함경도와 평안도의 병마절도사를 지낸 이삼(李森)의 서문이 기록된 북방 국경지역 지도인 『관북지도 關北地圖』 등은 조선의 지도 중 역사적 가치를 지니는 자료를 선별하는 안목을 지닌 수집가에 의해 소장된 자료임을 보여주는 대표적인 지도들로서, 한국의 지도학 발달사를 보충할 수 있는 중요한 자료들이다. The Toyo Bunko (東洋文庫) in Tokyo, Japan is one of the largest library that holds the Korean old geographical documents. About 200 topographies of counties and prefectures, including Giinhansangnyang 杞人間商量 which recorded compilation and improvement plan of the geographical annals belong to it. Several maps and geographical annals of Joseon Period possessed in the Toyo Bunko are set high values on geography since the materials are only belong to it and have not yet been found in Korea. There are very important map collections including six copies of Daedongyeojido 大東輿地圖(1861, 1864) by Kim Jeongho(金正浩) and Suseonjeondo 首善全圖 by Kim, Jungho, collectible stamp of Maema Kyosaku(前間恭作) is imprinted on it, and Gangyeokjundo 疆域全圖 and Dongyeodo 東輿圖 which made with 20-ri and 10-ri grid, owned by Sidehara Daira(幣原坦). Especially Gwanbukjido 關北地圖 which is the northern border map recorded the Lee Sam’s(李森) preface who served as a military official of Hamgyeong and Pyeongan Province in early 18th century. These maps and some other maps have a historical value to supplement of the history of Korean Cartography.