중국공산당의 100년: 과제와 권력 구조의 변화

안치영 ( Ahn¸ Chiyoung ) 성균관대학교 성균중국연구소 2021 중국사회과학논총 Vol.3 No.1

근대 중국이 봉착한 위기의 극복을 모색하는 과정에서 형성된 중국공산당이 100년의 역사를 맞이하고 있다. 중국공산당의 100년은 30년간의 혁명과 건국, 30년간의 사회주의 건설, 30년간의 개혁개방, 10년의 신시대로 구분될 수 있다. 혁명을 통하여 국가를 건설하였고 사회주의 건설을 통하여 자위력을 확보하였지만 빈곤에서 벗어나지는 못했다. 그렇기 때문에 자본주의에 대하여 개방하고 시장경제를 받아들이는 개혁을 통하여 부유해졌으며 이제는 초강대국의 길에 들어서고 있다. 혁명과 사회주의 건설은 역사와 전통에 대한 부정을 통하여 이루어졌지만 중국이 부강해지는 과정에서 혁명과 개혁과 역사의 화해가 이루어지고 있다. 그 과정에서 중국은 권력이 집중된 중앙집권체제를 유지하고 있지만 계기적으로 분권과 집권이 반복되고 있다. The Chinese Communist Party, which was formed in the process of seeking to overcome the crisis faced by China after the wester impact, has reached a century of history. The 100 years of the CCP can be divided into 30 years of revolution and state founding, 30 years of socialist construction, 30 years of reform and opening, and 10 years of new era. Although the state was built through the revolution and self-defense was secured through the construction of socialism, it was not able to escape poverty. Therefore, through reforms that open up to western capitalism and accept the market economy, china have become rich and are entering the path of a superpower. The construction of revolution and socialism was accomplished through denial of history and tradition, but in the course of China’s prosperity, the reconciliation of revolution, reform and history is taking place. In the process, China maintains a centralized system, but depending on the change in circumstances decentralization and centralization have been repeated.

개혁 이후 중국의 장기 발전목표와 조정

安致潁 ( Ahn Chiyoung ) 현대중국학회 2021 現代中國硏究 Vol.23 No.2

중공은 개혁 이후 사회주의 현대화 건설 실현을 장기 발전목표로 제기하고 그것을 위한 구체적인 방안으로 “3단계 발전전략”과 “두 개의 100년 분투 목표”를 수립했다. “3단계 발전전략”은 덩샤오핑이 제기한 것으로 두 개의 10년의 발전단계와 21세기 중반까지 현대화 건설 실현으로 구성된다. “두 개의 100년 분투 목표”는 “3단계 발전전략”을 시진핑 시기에 조정한 것으로 창당 100주년과 건국 100주년까지의 발전목표로 구성된다. 시진핑 시기에는 발전목표와 단계를 조정하였을 뿐만 아니라 최종적인 목표를 사회주의 현대화 건설에서 사회주의 현대화 강국 건설로 수정했다. The CCP proposed the realization of socialist modernization as a long-term development goal after reform, and a “three-step development strategy” and “two centenary goals” as concrete measures for it. “The three-phase development strategy” proposed by Deng Xiaoping consists of two 10-year development stages and the realization of socialist modernization construction by the middle of the 21st century. “The Two Centenary Goals” are the adjusted “three-step development strategy” during the Xi Jinping era, and consist of development goals up to the 100th anniversary of the founding of the CCP and the 100th anniversary of the founding of the PRC. During the Xi Jinping period, not only the development goals and stages were adjusted, but also the final goal was changed from building a socialist modernization to building a great modern socialist country.

중국의 개혁초기 정치논쟁과 1979년 이론공작회의

安致潁(Ahn Chiyoung) 중국근현대사학회 2012 중국근현대사연구 Vol.54 No.-

The reform of China have haven no blueprints, but a lot of political controversy about the reform in early reform era. That controversy played very important role for determining the directions, substance, scope and characteristics of the Chinese reform. Those controversy progressed intensively at the Theory Conference of 1979 presided by Hu Yaobang, the directorship of the Propaganda Department of the CCP Central Committee. On the other hand, at the conference, Deng Xiaoping announced the Four Cardinals which limited the thought emancipation declared by him the last year and the extent of the reform. So, there broke out the splits between the outer party Democratic activists and the inner Party reformers who had haven a symbiotic relationship until the third Plenum, and the internal differentiation of the CCP’s reformers. Those results of the conference were because of the drastic assertions during the conference. For the first time at an official conference, there were the critics of Mao Zedong and Mao Zedong thought and the rejection of the Cultural Revolution, and the demands for the fundamental political reform and the resolving the historical problems since the PRC’s foundation and especially the Cultural Revolution. At the same time, there were very severe democratic movements including the Wall Poster Movements. At that circumstance, the dissatisfactions of the elders and main currents of the Party was aggravated, and Deng Xiaoping announced the 4 Cardinals. Although the 4 Cardinals limited the extent of the Chinese reform, the assertions at the conference have become the Chinese reform agenda. On the other hand, the 4 Cardinals was the possible condition for the Chinese reform reflecting the power configuration of the CCP biased to the pro-socialist revolutionary elders. If not 4 Cardinals, the Party elders could not accept the reform agenda which would deviated from the socialism.

열린 ‘죽의 장막’과 닫히는 개혁개방 시기의 국경

안치영(Chiyoung Ahn) 중앙대학교 중앙사학연구소 2023 중앙사론 Vol.- No.60

이 논문은 중국의 국경 관리의 변화와 그 원인을 살펴보는 것을 목적으로 한다. 개혁개방 이전 중국은 ‘죽의장막’으로 알려진 폐쇄 국가였다. 중국은 많은 외국인에게는 금지된 땅이었다. 그런데 주로 ‘과계’ 소수민족 지역으로 구성된 중국 변강의 상황은 거시적인 국제 관계나 우리의 인식과는 달랐다. 중국의 국경에는 이동을 가로막는 장벽이 없었으며 소수민족들은 자유롭게 국경을 넘나들었다. 중국의 개방과 외국인과 중국인의 국제적인 이동이 자유로워진 후 국경에 대한 관리와 통제가 오히려 강화되었다. 1990년대 중반부터 국경 지역에 이동을 가로막는 철조망이 설치되었으며 일부 지역에서는 군사화가 진행되고 있다. 개혁시기 중국의 국경에 대한 통제가 강화되고 있는 것이다. 개혁 이후 중국의 국경이 국제적인 이동과 교류와 교역의 공간이 되었다. 그와 동시에 국경 지역에서 밀수, 불법 입경이 이루어지고 탈북자등 국제적인 문제가 발생하는 공간이 되었기 때문이다. This paper aims to explore the changes in border management in China and the reasons behind them. Prior to the reform and open door policy, China was a closed country, known as the “Bamboo Curtain”. China was a forbidden land for many foreigners, but the situation on China's margins, comprising mainly “cross-border” ethnic minority regions, was different from macro international relations and our perceptions. China's borders had no barriers to cross, and ethnic minorities moved freely across borders. After China's opening and the international movement of foreigners and Chinese people became freer, the management and control of the border was actually tightened. Since the mid-1990s, border areas have been equipped with barbed wire fences to prevent movement, and some areas have been militarized. China's borders have become increasingly controlled during the reform period. Since the reform, China's borders have become a space for international movement, exchange, and trade. At the same time, border areas have also become places where smuggling, illegal crossings, and international problems such as North Korean defectors.

국내 허가된 유전자재조합의약품 품질시험에 사용되는 전하변이체 분석법 조사연구

엄준호(Joon Ho Eom),백정희(Jounghee Baek),홍영기(Young Ki Hong),손애라(Aera Son),강소영(Soyeong Kang),오호경(Hokyung Oh),김민정(Min-Jung Kim),우정남(Jeong-Nam Woo),안치영(Chiyoung Ahn) 대한약학회 2020 약학회지 Vol.64 No.1

Analysis on approval documents of recombinant DNA-derived biopharmaceuticals (172 items) marketed in Korea showed as followed. First of all, antibody drugs are about 37% among the biopharmaceuticals and most of antibodies as a major ingredient (about 92%) are humanized or human type. Second, charge variant assays using in quality (purity) test are distinctly different between antibody drugs and non-antibody drugs. The former prefer CEX and cIEF, the latter IEF and CZE. The preference difference may be related to size and complexity of target molecules. Third, the result of analysis on usage of 4 assays (CEX, CZE, IEF, and cIEF) in accordance with approval period indicated that cIEF usage got increased since 2010 and was about 50% after 2015. And finally, acceptance criteria of charge variant assays showed a few distinguished patterns independent of drug products. In the light of these facts, whether or not to establish a charge variant method and acceptance criteria as a quality test, and which method to use may depend on the characteristics of the product and analysis conditions of other manufacturers. In particular, in biopharmaceuticals that contain polymer proteins as the main component, such as antibodies, charge variant analysis is important, and the use of modern analytical methods such as the icIEF method is expected to increase.