Low Temperature NMR Study on p-Fluorophenylthioxanthylium Ions

안양수,신정휴,Yang-Soo Ahn,Jung-Hyu Shin Korean Chemical Society 1982 대한화학회지 Vol.26 No.3

티오크잔틸이움 이온과 안트라센이움 이온은 동리평면성의 구조를 가진다. 그러므로 이 양이온들에서 양전하 중심부의 빈 $P_z$-궤도는 융합된 벤젠고리의${\pi}$-궤도와 겹쳐진다. 이 양이온들은 Huckel의 (4n + 2)${\pi}$ 법칙에 따라 방향족성을 가진다. 방향족성의 안정화에 황원자가 기여하는 것은 티오크잔틸이움 이온과 안트라센이움 이온의 ${^19F}$핵자기 공명의 화학적 이동의 비교로 평가되었다. The thioxanthylium ion ard anthracenium ion have coplanar geometries. The empty $P_z$-orbitals of the positive centers in the cations, therefore, overlap with the ${\pi}$-orbitals of the fused benzen rings. These cations have aromatic characters, obeying Huckel's (4n + 2)${\pi}$ rule. The contribution of the sulfur atom to aromatic stabilization was estimated by comparing the ${^19F}$-nmr chemical shifts of the thioxanthylium ions and anthracenium ions.

생체 임피던스를 활용한 새로운 요역동학 검사 방법

안양수,김거식,송철규 제어로봇시스템학회 2008 제어로봇시스템학회 합동학술대회 논문집 Vol.2008 No.12

The conventional urodynamic monitoring is fulfilled by artificially filling a bladder with saline. Generally, it is difficult to evaluate the physiological functions of the storage and voiding of a bladder. With this aim we constructed an ambulatory urodynamic monitoring (AUM) system and proposed a novel method estimating abdominal pressure by measuring bio-impedance variations. Our system was clinically evaluated for 10 patients. It turned out to be that as the intensity of the abdomen contraction increased, the amplitude of bio-impedance signal and the RMS value of EMG increased more as compared to those who observed during the rest mode. Also, we determined the optimum electrode pair for estimating the abdominal pressure using bio-impedance method and consequently compared with the conventional methods. Because impedance changes differ from a weight a height, contractile force, volume of muscle and blood other or whatever of individuals, it was quantified in terms or impedance change, correlation coefficient and SNR. Our results showed the optimum electrode pair (1,9) which could detect impedance changes due to the increase of the intensity in the abdominal pressure. The correlation coefficient and quadratic function between the RMS values of EMG and the impedance changes were 0.87 and y=0.0014x<SUP>2</SUP>+0.0620x+0.6958, respectively. Thus, our system demonstrated that the abdominal pressure could be measured noninvasively and conveniently by simply estimating bio-impedance values. We propose that this optimum electrode configuration would be useful for the future studies involving the handy measurements of abdominal pressure with our suggested ambulatory urodynamics monitoring system.

3축 가속도 센서를 활용한 척추 측만증 환자용 자세 교정 유도 장치

안양수(Y. S. An),김거식(K. S. Kim),송철규(C. G. Song) 대한전기학회 2009 정보 및 제어 심포지엄 논문집 Vol.2009 No.5

Scoliosis is a three-dimensional deformity caused by lateral curvature of the spine. The existing braces used to correct the posture were some drawbacks such as inconvenience, tightness as well as unfitness to wear. In this study, we devised a posture guidance system in order to monitor a posture continuously and lead to pose correctly and a new method for measuring a Cobb's angle value in third dimension based on two 3-axis accelerometers. As a result, the correlation coefficients between desired and measured angles were and standard error between desired and measured angles were 0.99, 1.32 (x-axis), 0.99 and 1.10 (y-axis), respectively. The devised system showed good potential for the optimal posture guide and an early detection of scoliosis.

비침습적 복압 측정을 위한 생체 임피던스 전극의 최적 위치 선정

안양수(Yang-Su An),김거식(Keo-Sik Kim),송철규(Chul-Gyu Song) 대한전기학회 2007 대한전기학회 학술대회 논문집 Vol.2007 No.4

In this study, we determined the optimum electrode pair for measuring the abdominal pressure using bio-impedance method. Because impedance changes differ from a weight, a height, contractile force, volume of muscle and blood other or whatever of individuals, it was quantified using values of impedance change, correlation coefficient and SNR. Our results showed the optimum electrode pair (1, 9) which could detect impedance changes due to an increase of the intensity of the abdominal pressure. The correlation coefficient and quadratic function between the RMS values of EMG and the impedance changes were 0.87 and y=0.00l4x²+0.0620x+0.6958, respectively. It demonstrated that the abdominal pressure could be measured non-invasively and simply using bio-impedance method. We propose that this optimum electrode configuration would be useful for future studies involving the convenient measurement of abdominal pressure by ambulatory urodynamics monitoring study.

비침습적 복압 측정을 위한 생체 임피던스 전극의 최적 위치 선정

안양수(Yang-Su An),김거식(Keo-Sik Kim),송철규(Chul-Gyu Song) 대한전기학회 2007 정보 및 제어 심포지엄 논문집 Vol.2007 No.4

3축 가속도 센서를 이용한 자세 교정 유도 시스템

안양수(Yang-Soo An),김거식(Keo-Sik Kim),서정환(Jeong-Hwan Seo),송철규(Chul-Gyu Song) 대한전기학회 2010 전기학회논문지 Vol.59 No.1

In this study, we designed a device for consecutively observing position, utilizing 3-axises acceleration sensor. This method offer to check his or her wrong position and developed could to help derived a position appliance. And, we developed a Cobb's angle value in three dimensional using 3-axises acceleration sensor. A proposed device with integrated accelerometers, which can detect postural changes in terms of curvature variation of the spine in the sagittal and coronal planes, has been developed with intention to facilitate posture training. The proposed device was evaluated with 3 normal subjects daily activities. We evaluated the performance of our designed device as calculating the correlation coefficients and mean errors between the angle measured by an electro-goniometer and that estimated by a gravity accelerometer and verified the accuracy and sensitivity. The results showed that the angle obtained from the proposed device revealed a linear characteristic at the range of ±60° (correlation coefficient 0.99, error range ±2°). We demonstrated that our device could detect the changes of the motion in upper trunk accurately. Also, our device showed good potential for treatment of the patients with scoliosis and prevention of the unbalance position during a daily life.

Study on Structure of 9-Barbaralyl Cation by 1$^{13}C$ NMR Chemical Shift

신정휴,안양수,Jung-Hyu Shin,Yang-Soo Ahn Korean Chemical Society 1987 대한화학회지 Vol.31 No.2

The structure of 9-barbaralyl cation was examined by Hammett-Brown plot using $^{13}C$ NMR chemical shifts. 9-Aryltricylclo$[3.3.1.0^{2,8}]$]nonan-9-yl cation (5) and 9-aryltricyclo-$[3.3.1.0^{2,8}]$nona-3,6-dien-9-yl cation (6) were prepared from the corresponding carbinols in $FSO_3H-SO_2ClF$ solution at -$120^{\circ}C$, and their chemical shifts of cation centers were measured. The slopes, ${\rho}^{C+}$ values, of the Hammett-Brown plot of (5) and (6) were -5.01 and -7.52, respectively. From these values themselves, it seemed that the double bonds participated in the delocalization of the positive charge. However, comparing ${\rho}^{C+}$ value and ${\rho}^{C_a^+}$ value in 9-barbaralyl cation (6) and those in 8,9-dehydroadamantyl cation (7), we concluded that 9-barbaralyl should be represented by the structure 4 shown in Scheme I. 9-바바라릴 양이온의 구조를 탄소-13 핵자기공명을 이용한 Hammett-Brown식을 이용해서 조사하였다. 이를 위하여 9-아릴트리시클로$[3.3.1.0^{2,8}]$노난 (5) 및 9-아릴트리시클로 $[3.3.1.0^{2,8}]$노나-3,6-디엔 (6)계 양이온을 영하 $120^{\circ}C$에서 해당 알코올과 불화황산과의 반응에서 얻었고 양하전 탄소에 대한 화학적이동이 측정되었다. 양이온 5와 6에 대한 Hammett-Brown식의 기울기, 즉 ${\rho}^{C+}$값은 각각 -5.01과 -7.52였다. 이들 값의 결과로만 보면 이중결합의 영향이 있는 것처럼 보인다. 그러나, 9-바바라릴과 8, 9데히드로아다만틸 양이온들의 ${\rho}^{C+}$와 ${\rho}^{C_a^+}$ 값들을 비교한 결과에서 9-바바라릴 양이온도 도표 1에서의 4의 구조를 가져야 된다는 결론을 얻어냈다.

시주파수 특성을 이용한 관절 질환의 비침습적 판별 방법

김거식,안양수,송철규,서정환 제어로봇시스템학회 2008 제어로봇시스템학회 합동학술대회 논문집 Vol.2008 No.12

Vibroarthrographic (VAG) signals, emitted by human knee joints, are non-stationary and multi-component in nature and time-frequency distributions (TFD) provide powerful means to analyze such signals. The objective of this paper is to classify VAG signals, generated during joint movement, into two groups (normal and patient group) using the characteristic parameters extracted by time-frequency transform, and to evaluate the classification accuracy. Noise within TFD was reduced by singular value decomposition and back-propagation neural network (BPNN) was used for classifying VAG signals. The characteristic parameters consist of the energy parameter, energy spread parameter, frequency parameter, frequency spread parameter by Wigner-Ville distribution and the amplitude of frequency distribution, the mean and the median frequency by fast Fourier transform. Totally 1408 segments (normal 1031, patient 377) were used for training and evaluating BPNN. As a result, the average value of the classification accuracy was 92.3 (standard deviation ±0.9)% The proposed method was independent of clinical information, and showed good potential for non-invasive diagnosis and monitoring of joint disorders such as osteoarthritis and chondromalacia patella.

Dynamic Kinetic Resolutions and Asymmetric Transformations by Enzyme-Metal Combo Catalysis

김만주,안양수,박재욱 대한화학회 2005 Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society Vol.26 No.4

Enzyme-metal combo catalysis is described as a useful methodology for the synthesis of optically active compounds. The key point of the method is the use of enzyme and metal in combination as the catalysts for the complete transformation of racemic substrates to single enantiomeric products through dynamic kinetic resolution (DKR). In this approach, enzyme acts as an enantioselective resolving catalyst and metal does as a racemizing catalyst for the efficient DKR. Three kinds of enzyme-metal combinations - lipase-ruthenium, subtilisin-ruthenium, and lipase-palladium ¬have been developed as the catalysts for the DKRs of racemic alcohols, esters, and amines. The scope of the combination catalysts can be extended to the asymmetric transformations of ketones, enol acetates, and ketoximes via the DKRs. In most cases studied, enzyme-metal combo catalysis provided enantiomerically-enriched products in high yields.

Time Series Characteristics of Four Primary Accounting Variables for Predicting Business Failure of Firms

이상노,이상노,안양수,한길석 한국경영교육학회 2012 경영교육연구 Vol.27 No.1

This paper investigates time series characteristics of four primary accounting variables that are commonly used for predicting business failure of firms in Korea. Although four accounting ratios including Return on Assets, Liability Ratio, Working Capital Ratio, and Current Ratio have frequently been used in many prediction models of business failure, little studies have been done for understanding the time series characteristics of the ratios. By classifying firms into non-failed firms and failed firms, we investigate time series characteristics of four variables in terms of two groups. In particular, we measure four primary accounting ratios with net income to total assets, total liability to total assets, working capital to total assets, and current assets to current liability respectively. Using 110 matched samples from 1994 to 2005, we find that whereas all financial ratios of failed firms show random walk pattern of times series, the ratios of non-failed firms show in part stationary pattern. We also find that the accounting ratios showing random walk become stationary through the linear combination with other accounting ratios showing random walk. We finally find that the ratios of non-failed firms and the stationarized ratios of failed firms converge into the level of the corresponding industry, but the ratios of non-failed firms take longer time to adjust to the level of an industry.