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호기성 고정생물막반응기에서 동일 질량부하의 수리학적 및 농도충격부하시 반응의 비교
안미경,이규훈,박태주 한국환경과학회 1994 한국환경과학회지 Vol.3 No.3
The objective of this study was to examine and compare to transient response to quantitative and hydraulic shocks which produce equal changes in mass rate of organic feed in aerobic fixed-film process. The general experimental approach was to operate the system at several growth rates under steady-state(pre-shock) conditions, then to apply step changes during day 3 in dilution rate(hydraulic shock), or feed concentration(quantitative shock) at the same organic mass loading rate. Performance was assessed in both the transient state and the new steady-state (post-shock). Shock load of different type did not produced equivalent disruptions of effluent quality for equal increases on mass loading rate. Based on effluent concentrations, a hydraulic and a quantitative shock at the same mass loading caused equal increase in total effluent COD, but the increase was primarily a result of suspended solids the hydraulic shock and COD in the quantitative shock, The time which effluent COD came to peak values were about 32∼48 hours at the low organic loads and 52∼72 hours at the high organic loads, respectively. A quantitative shock produced a much greater increase in effluent COD than did a hydraulic shock at the same mass loading. Mean and peak values of effluent concentration were increased in 2.8∼4.2 times at low organic loading rate, 5.2∼6.6 times at the high organic loading rate respectively.
Story of experience: The pragmatic analysis of English evidential perception verb see
안미경 한국외국어대학교 언어연구소 2014 언어와 언어학 Vol.0 No.63
This paper analyzes the meanings and the uses of English evidential perception verb see. This paper especially focuses on investigating the semantic and pragmatic differences of various constellations of see (i.e. I see, I saw, seeing that, we see, and we saw) in terms of subjectivity and intersubjectivity: A distinction between subjectivity and intersubjectivity can be drawn depending on whether the evidence lies with him/herself alone or with a larger community, but a speaker or writer can also engage with his or her audience to negotiate the availability of evidence and inferences or conclusions based on it (See Nuyts 2001; Hyland 2005). This study also examines the differences in functions and distribution of the constellations of see in a variety of discourses with the help of British National Corpus (BNC). Finally this finding sheds light on the relationship between subjectivity and intersubjectivity and evidentiality marking.