시대 및 종교적 환경과 한국의 조경 경관형성 소고

심재성,배정관,서병기,최종명,Shim, Jai-Sung,Bae, Jeong-Kwan,Seo, Byung-Key,Choi, Jong-Myung 배재대학교 자연과학연구소 2002 自然科學論文集 Vol.12 No.1

본 소고는 한국의 시대와 종교에 입각한 경관형성변화를 개관하고 조형방식의 역사적 변천과정을 고찰하면서 신개념의 조경 중심사상 구축을 위한 대안을 모색하였다. 미와 환경에 조화되는 경관조성을 시도하고 이를 통해 한국의 조경을 새로운 시각에서 재조명하였다. 또한 이를 종교적 차원으로 승화시키기 위한 자리메김의 가능성도 검토하였다, 경관이라는 개념을 시대와 장소에 따라 변화되는 의미를 탐색하고 경관을 통해 인간이 감각될 수 있는 상황적 인식을 추정하였다. 본 소고를 통해 한국적 조경의 위치와 이를 근거로 민족의 사상 및 종교와 연관된 새로운 조경문화의 발전방안을 논의하였다. Landscape civilization in Korea originated in Cochosun(Ancient Chosun) era, this again succeeding to the period of the Three States - Koguryo, Baekje and Silla. The distribution of this culture showed great progress with the association of two particular religions - Buddhism and Confucianism.. Landscape development in Korea has greatly changed during specific times of both cultural and political upheaval in various societies. Religion has had a great deal of influence on landscape development. Traditionally Korean people have had a tendency to favor more natural landscape than man-made structures in landscape : This trend was a quite different concept from that of other oriental countries, not to mention of western countries. In particular, Buddhism influenced natural landscape, far from artificial craftsmanship in landscape. Oriental garden is a typical 'tabloid edition' of natural landscape which consists lakes, islands, ponds, stone monuments, and fruit trees, quite often raising animal in parks and courtyard style house. This style of garden influenced in Chosun Dynasty landscape. Landscaping was usually for royal gardens, cemetery parks or high level of officer's residence. However, landscaping in Chosun Dynasty which had established Confucianism as a state religion gave us a specific designation. It was neither ethnic imitation of the garden style of both China and Japan : People were used to enjoy nature-friendly landscape or sink into the ecstasy of natural scenery itself. The trend that landscape or establishing garden had been aimed at royal family- or bureaucrat-centered formatives was to become an obstacle to the development of landscape techniques in Korea. An example represented in a beautiful garden with fabulous decoration which established in places. This was completely not fit for the nation's feeling.

산지형 사찰에 있어 조경식물 배치형식에 관한 연구

심재성,배정관,서병기,Shim, Jai-Sung,Bae, Jeong-Kwan,Seo, Byung-Key 배재대학교 자연과학연구소 2004 自然科學論文集 Vol.14 No.1

본 논문은 한국 전통사찰의 경관현황을 개관하고 조경식물을 통한 가람의 종교적 이미지를 부각시켜 불교신도들의 경건한 수도와 함께 관광적 효과를 한층 거양하기 위한 방안을 모색하고자 산지형 사찰인 낙산사, 부석사 및 불국사를 대상으로 연구를 수행하였다. 이에 얻은 결과를 요약하면 다음과 같다.1. 사찰경 내 수목의 식재현황 및 유형조사대상 사찰에서 석가모니불을 주로 모시는 곳인 대웅전 앞에는 아무런 교.관목이 식재되어 있지 않았다. 극락보전과 무량수전에서는 공통적으로 주목이 식재되어 있었으며 사찰에 따라 매자나무 외 15종이 식재되어 있었다. 또한 불국사의 비로자ㅣ불에서는 백목련을 위시하여 25종의 수목이 식재되어 있음을 볼 수 있었다.한편 낙산사와 불국사의 원통전 및 관음전에는 사철나무 외 26종의 수목이 식재되어 있었다.2. 수목과 사찰 건물과의 연관성 및 산지형 사찰의 교관목 식재모형수목과 각각 건물의 특성과는 특별한 연관성을 발견할 수 없었다. 다만 불교적 의미를 갖는 수종으로서 배롱나무와 불두화가 식재되어 있음이 밝혀졌다. 또한 대체적으로 지역적 특성, 기후 환경과 친화적인 식물이 식재되어 있었으나 수목과 사찰 건물과의 관계를 고려한 배식형식을 찾아보기 어려웠다. 본 조사를 토대로 산지형 사찰에서 교.관목을 식재할 때 활용할 수 있는 모형을 제시하였다. It is the purpose of this study to arrange in ornamental trees and shrubs the planting that leads to an appropriate type of templescape. The study was designed primarily as an examples for each Buddhist temple which desires further decoration with several ornamental plants, doubles the effectiveness of the Sen-Buddhist meditation, and boosts tourists' attraction. To investigate the planting status and type of trees and shrubs in the precincts of Buddhism temples, We close three temples : They are Nagsansa, Boolgoogsa and Booseugsa, which are intermonatane area temples all together. The results investigated were summarized as follows :1. Planting status and pattern in temples Open spaces of the Daewoogjeon in all temples, a main Sanctuaries in temple buildings, where Buddha is enshrined in, we could not find any kind of trees of shrubs to be planted.Muryangsujeon, a symbol of "Future", which can be also found at Boosugsa temple, is living in Western Elysium world and takes mercy on mankind of this life. Taxus cuspidata was planted at this Muryangsujeon, known as an immeasurable bliss building, where an Amitabha is enshrined in.Total 25 species of trees and shrubs were planted around Birozani building of Buddhist temples, Birozani is enshrined at the Birojion of Boollgoogsa temple.The buddhist Goddess of Mercy which is a buddhist saint for pursuit of fortune and blessing to relieve the mankind is enshrined at Wonchonjeon, Daebijeon and Kwaneumjeon which are able to observe at both Boolgoogsa and Nagsnsa temples, where Euonymus japonicus trees including other 26 species could be found in common at both temples.2. Correlation between trees/shrubs and temple buildingsTrees and flowers symbolizing Buddha are often planted as material sources of gardening to decorate : They are Logerstroemia indica as Buddha's flower, Viburmum opulus var. calvescens resembling Buddha's head, Tilia mandshurica producing the beads of rosary, Gardenia jaminoides Ellis with white flower blade and flower of bliss, not flower to this day and Lotus flowering clearly in the pond filling with dirty water which is able to clarifies the world full of crime, infidelity and injustification. Among these Buddhist' plants, however, Logerstroemia indica could be found in all three temples, and Viburmum opulus var. calvescens at both Nagsansa and Boosugsa. Also, Lager stroemia indica was planted at all three temples and Viburmum opulus var. calvescens at both temples of Nagsansa and Boosugsa. Tilia mandshurica and Gardenia jasminoides Ellis were not found in any temples which might become the subject of investigation.In relation of the buildings of each temples as a sanctified space, the planting of trees and shrubs was not considered for the arrangement, templescape architecture or species. And, also, we could not find in the study any special relationship of trees/ shrubs with the characteristics of temples.With the results obtained through precise studies we presented here in this paper newly designed model of templescape in intermane buddhist temple which can be applied for planting and arrangement of trees or/and shrubs. Basic principles of model in mind are:To consider the correlation of the dominant between plants and temple buildings.To plant trees/shrubs for special functions as well as conditions of temple location.To make tree arrangement correlating to Buddhism spirit.To induce environment friendly plants to be planted, suitable to regional conditions.This redecorated model of templescape might be used as a canon of the tree planting and arrangement in the precincts of Buddhism temples.

난지형 및 한지형 지피식물의 엽색변화 특성에 관한 연구 : I. 야초의 엽색변화 특성

심재성,서병기,Shim, Jai-Sung,Seo, Hyung-Key 한국잔디학회 1995 한국잔디학회지 Vol.9 No.1

This study was conducted from September 1, 1994 to December 12, 1994 to investigate the leaf color characteristics, flowering period and fruit period of Wild plants in Suwon and Taejon area. The results were as follows; 1. By using the chlorophyll meter, the chlorophyll content of Liriope platyphylla, Trifolium repens, Dystaenia takeshimana was 30.0, 22, 2 and 19.0, respectively on December 9, 1994. 2. By leaf color based on KBS standard color number, Liriope piatyphylla, Trifolium repens, Dvstoenia takeshirnana were green till December 9, 1994. 3. The flowers of Aster sea ber, Atractylodes japonica, Allium thunbergii, Liriope platyphylla, Scilla scilloides, Digitaria sanguinalis, Sanguisorba officinalis were persisting till September, and the flowers of Crysanthemum boreale were persisted till November and Allium thunbergii, till October.

기내배양에서 2,4-D 및 NAA처리와 계대배양회수에 따른 딸기의 RAPD Band 변화

심재성,정해준,민병훈,Shim, Jai-Sung,Chung, Hae-Joon,Min, Byung-Hoon 배재대학교 자연과학연구소 1996 自然科學論文集 Vol.8 No.2

The 2,4-D + BA combination in MS medium showed high regenerating ability and induced compact callus from leaf and petiole segments of three strawberry cultivars, 'Bokyo', 'Suhong', whereas the NAA + BA combination resulted in friable callus. Band of RAPD products obtained with primer 212 from the callus was different from the band of mother plant when callus induced from leaf segment of 'Suhong' cultivar was maintained in MS medium containing NAA or BA for 8 months. The RAPD bands obtained from mother plants of 'Bokyo' and 'Yeobong' were different from that of callus maintained in the presence of MS liquid medium containing 2,4-D(0.2 mg/$\ell$) subcultured every two weeks for 6 months(12 subcultures). 딸기의 3품종을 엽과 엽병으로 배양한 결과 2,4-D + BA 처리에서는 치밀한 캘러스가 유기되었고 이 캘러스로부터 다수의 신초가 분화되었으며 NAA + BA 처리에서는 부숴지기 쉬운 캘러스가 유기되었다. '수홍' 엽조직을 NAA나 2,4-D가 첨가된 배지에서 8개월간 배양하면 212번 primer에서 생산된 RAPD band가 모본 band와는 상이하게 나타났다. '보교'와 '여봉'의 엽에서 유기된 캘러스를 2,4-D가 첨가된 액체배지에 계대배양회수를 달리하여 배양하였을 때 12회 계대배양에서 모본과 상이한 RAPD band가 출현되었다.

목초품종의 분할단파에 의한 초지적정이용기간연장

박병훈,심재성 ( Byung Hoon Park,Jai Sung Shim ) 한국축산학회 1982 한국축산학회지 Vol.24 No.2

An attempt has been made to extend the Optimum Utilization Period (OUP) of grassland through the use of sequential utilization of grass cultivars during the primary growth of grass. This experiment was carried out on the experimental field of Giessen University in Germany during the years 1977 to 1979. The results obtained are summarized as follows: 1. A substantial improvement of forage quality could be achieved by the sequential utilization of available grass cultivars. 2. The termination and duration of OUP was more closely related to development of grass than to calendar dates and OUP was from the development of 2nd node to boots-stage. 3. The duration of OUP in the sequential utilization of grass cultivars was 48 days, while it was 18 days in mixture grassland. 4. Without regard to grass growth, the forage quality of 2nd and 3rd growth was comparatively stable within the optimum range from an animal nutrition point of view. 5. The intake and utilization rate of forage in the sequential utilization of grass cultivars were shown 7,295 DM kg per hectare and 74% respectively. The figures are larger than those of mixture grassland. 6. The intake and utilization rate of forage in mixture grassland were appropriately better in early utilization, although dry matter yield was poor. In contrast to this, the intake and utilization rate of forage in latter utilization were poor, although dry matter yield was high. There were, therefore, a lot of forage rest on the field.

잔디생육에 대한 유기물, 활성탄소 및 마그네슘의 효과

최병주,심재성,밝훈,Choi, Byung-Ju,Shim, Jai-Sung,Park, Hoon 한국잔디학회 1994 한국잔디학회지 Vol.8 No.3

Effect pf rape seed oil cake compast (OM) active carbon(C) compound fertilizer (NPK) and magnesium sulfate (Mg) application on Zoysia koreana growth by lysimeter of 50cm soil column filled with a low fertility loam. Effect on growth was in order of OM>OM . NPK interaction> NPK . active carbon and Mg were not effective OM . NPK interaction effect was negative on leaf width and root dry matter yield. OM and OM . NPK interaction were most effective on rhizome growth. Their effect did not change the ratio of growth rates between aerial part and rhizome but change that between aerial part and root. Leaf width was most sensitive to the treatments.

대전지역 초.중.고등학교 조경시설 현황

문정현,심재성,정해준,서병기,Moon, Jung-Hyun,Shim, Jai-Sung,Bae, Jeong-Kwan,+Seo, Byung-Key 배재대학교 자연과학연구소 2002 自然科學論文集 Vol.12 No.1

The aim of this study was to analysis the landscape equipments of 42 school gardens in Taejon metropolitan city. Outdoor educational landscape equipments were found out at 10 schools out of 42 schools. The materials of main entrance were consisted of steel and stone at 19 schools. The stands at front of the main ground were existed at 21 schools. The pergolas and benches were existed at 20 schools. The living material fences were found out at 21 schools. Plant nameplates were found out at 22 schools. But the contents of the nameplates were so poor. The wetland and roof garden of the school were not existed. School landscape equipments should be introduced by the distinction of elementary school, middle school, and high school as well as by the space of the school site.

경기도 수개 골프장의 표토 토양화학성과 잔디의 무기성분함량

최병주,심재성,주영희,밝훈,Choi, Byung-Ju,Shim, Jai-Sung,Ju, Yeong-Hee,Park, Hoon 한국잔디학회 1993 한국잔디학회지 Vol.7 No.2

Surface soils and aerial parts of Korean lawn(Zoysia koreana) at normal fair way of 4 golf courses and yellow discolored fairway of one golf course in Kyonggi province were taken at and analyzed for mineral contents in soil Mg and Ca were most deficient while EC was too high and phosphorus was exess. There were significant positive correlation between pH and Ca and between EC and total N. There was no consistent simple correlation between single component in soil and plant, indicating the involvement of multi-minerals in one mineral absorption. m mineral contents of aerial part Mg was severely low. potassium moderately but Ca was normal, Mg and Ca showed significant correlation in aerial part, yellow-discolored lawn showed the lowest content of Mg in aerial part and surface soil. Very high N and high phosphorus in aerial part inspite of low P in soil. The above facts indicates Mg deficiency in fair way soils in most golf courses resulting in yellow-discoloration in lawn.

석회 및 3 요소 수준이 겉뿌림 산지초지에 미치는 영향 4 . 토양 및 목초중 무기양분의 상호균형과 Grass tetany 위험성

정연규,김강식,심재성 ( Yeun Kyu Jung,Kang Sik Kim,Jai Sung Shim ) 한국축산학회 1982 한국축산학회지 Vol.24 No.6

This field experiment was undertaken to assess the effects of two rates of Ca(OH)₂(0, 250 ㎏/l0a) and five rates of N-P₂O_5-K₂O (0-0-0, 0-10-10, 6-15-15, 12-20-20, 24-25-20 ㎏/l0a) on the grassland establishment, forage yield and quality, botanical composition, and persistence of different forage species in a mixed grass/clover sward established by oversowing method on new reclaimed steep mountain. This fourth part was concerned with the mutual balance of mineral nutrients and grass tetany hazard. The results obtained were summarized as follows; 1. Concentration of exchangeable Mg, relative proportions of Mg to CEC, K, and Ca in soil were considerably below the critical level for good forage growth and likelihood of grass tetany. These properties were handicapped by liming and increasing the NPK rate. 2. Comparing with the critical level for likelihood of tetany (Mg$lt;0.2%, K$gt;2.5%, and K/(Ca+Mg)$gt;2.2 in forages), mean concentration of Mg ranged from 0.09 to 0.15%, that of K exceeded 2.5% from 15㎏ K₂O/ l0a rate. The K/(Ca+Mg) ratios of mixed forages showed above 2.2 at no lime and below at liming, when averaged over NPK rates. The increase of Ca concentration and botanical composition of legume in mixed sward by liming resulted in the reduce of K/(Ca+Mg) ratio in mixed forages. 3. The ratios of K/(Ca+Mg) in mixed forages were increased by increasing the NPK rate and that exceeded 2.2 from 10㎏ K20/l0a rate at no lime and showed around 2.2 from 20㎏/l0a rate at liming. 4. The value of % (N x 6.25) x % K in mixed forages was increased and Mg concentration was reduced by increasing the NPK rate. As a result, it was expected for decrease of blood serum-Mg concentration in cattle, and for increase of tetany hazard. 5. To prevent grass tetany resulting from low Mg concentration and unbalanced ratios of mineral nutrients, Mg fertilization on grassland and/or extra Mg supplement to cattle were to be necessary. 6. The Ca/P ratios ranged from 1:1 to 3.2:1, and they varied with the levels of lime and NPK applications. At liming, higher amount of P fertilizer should be applied to maintain the optimum Ca/P ratio in mixed forages.

석회 및 3 요소 시용수준이 겉뿌림 산지초지에 미치는 영향 3 . 목초의 무기성분함량 및 3 요소 이용율의 변화

정연규,이종열,심재성 ( Yeun Kyu Jung,Jong Yeal Lee,Jai Sung Shim ) 한국축산학회 1982 한국축산학회지 Vol.24 No.6

This field experiment was undertaken to assess the effects of two rates of Ca(OH)₂ (0, 250 ㎏/l0a) and five rates of N-P₂O_5-K₂O (0-0-0, 0-10-10, 6-15-15, 12-20-20, 24-25-20 ㎏/l0a) on the grassland establishment, forage yield and quality, botanical composition, and persistence of different forage species in a mixed grass/ clover sward established by oversowing method on new reclaimed steep mountain. This third part was concerned with the concentrations and uptake of mineral nutrients, and percentage recovery of NPK. The results obtained were summarized as follows; 1. Liming increased concentrations of N, Ca, Mg and Na in mixed forages, but effect of liming on concentrations of K and P was inconsistent. By increasing the NPK rate, concentrations of N, P, K, Rnd Ns in mixed forages were increased, whereas Ca and Mg concentrations tended to be reduced. 2. Overall values of Mg concentrations in mixed forages were below 0.15%. That value is considerably below 0.15%. That value is considerably below the critical level for forage growth and likelihood of grass tetany ($lt;0.2%). Amounts of individual and total mineral uptake, and total concentration of minerals were increased by both liming and increasing the NPK rate. 3. Liming increased markedly the percent recoveries of N,P and K, Percent recovery of N was reduced by increasing the N rate, whereas those of P and K were inconsistently affected by their application rates. The percent recoveries of N, P and K by mixed forages were highest in the order; K$gt;N$gt;P. 4. Forage quality was greatly influenced by both liming and applications of NPK. Concentrations of N, P, K, Ca, Mg and Na were lower in weeds than in seeded forages.