복합모반의 임상양상

송한,김대희,김도균,조경진,권지원 대한안과학회 2017 대한안과학회지 Vol.58 No.8

Purpose: To evaluate the clinical features of compound nevus. Methods: A retrospective chart review of the medical records for 32 eyes of 32 patients who were clinically diagnosed as having a compound nevus from February 2011 to February 2017 was performed. Results: The average follow-up period was 21.38 (range, 6-70) months for the 32 patients (9 males and 32 females), and the average age was 21 (range, 7-41) years old. The development or detection of a nevus varied between patients. There were no associated symptoms except for one patient who experienced foreign body sensation. An increase in size was noted in 5 cases (15%). The most common location in the conjunctiva was bulbar in 30 cases (93.8%), and the most common quadrant was temporal in 21 cases (65.6%) followed by nasal conjunctiva in 11 cases (34.4%). The most common locations of anterior margin and posterior margin were on the limbus (56%) and bulbar conjunctiva (92%), respectively. The mean horizontal length was 2.59 ± 1.9 mm and the mean vertical length was 2.62 ± 2.1 mm. All horizontal and vertical lengths were within 5 mm. An elevated nevus was observed in 25 cases (78.1%), and 18 cases (56.3%) had cystic lesions. The color of the nevi were largely brown (26 cases, 81.3%), and 29 cases (90.6%) had feeder vessels. Excisional biopsy and histologic exam were performed in 22 cases (68.8%). The purpose of the treatment was mostly cosmetic (20 cases, 93.8%) or for differential diagnosis with malignant melanoma (2 cases, 6.3%). In the surgery group, no one showed recurrence or any significant complications. Conclusions: A conjunctival compound nevus is a benign conjunctival mass and can be found in all age groups. Compound nevus can be diagnosed with clinical features, and complete excision with histological exam is an appropriate treatment to differentiate from malignant melanoma. 목적: 복합모반 환자의 임상양상에 대하여 알아보고자 하였다. 대상과 방법: 2011년 2월부터 2017년 2월까지 본원 안과에 내원하여 복합모반으로 진단된 32명 32안에 대해서 의무기록을 바탕으로 후향적으로 분석하였다. 결과: 대상 환자는 평균 21.38개월(6–70개월) 동안 추적 관찰하였고, 남자는 9명, 여자는 23명이었다. 평균나이는 21세(7–41세)였으며, 복합모반이 발생 혹은 발견된 나이는 다양하였다. 병변과 연관된 증상으로는 이물감이 1명에서 관찰되었고, 추적관찰기간 동안 모반의 크기가 커진 경우는 15% (5명)였다. 복합모반의 위치는 구결막이 93.8% (30명)였으며 모반이 가장 많이 위치한 사분면은 이측부위가 65.6% (21명), 비측부위가 34.4% (11명)였다. 복합모반의 앞쪽 경계는 각막윤부에 접하는 경우(56%)가 가장 많았으며, 뒤쪽 경계는 구결막에 위치하는 경우(92%)가 가장 많았다. 각막 윤부로부터 앞쪽 경계까지의 거리는 평균 1.6 ± 3.28 mm였으며 모반의 평균크기는 수평직경 2.59 ± 1.9 mm, 수직직경 2.62 ± 2.1 mm였고, 모든 환자에서 수평, 수직직경이 5 mm 이내였다. 모반 두께는 융기된 경우가 78.1% (25명), 낭성변성을 동반한 경우가 56.3% (18명)였다. 모반의 색깔은 갈색이 81.3% (26명)로 가장 많았고, 모반으로 영양혈관이 들어오는 경우가 90.6% (29명)였다. 치료를 한 경우가 68.8% (22명)였고, 치료는 단순 절제 및 생검을 시행하였으며, 조직학적으로 복합모반의 소견을 보였다. 치료 이유로는 미용적인 목적이 93.8% (20명), 악성 흑색종 등의 다른 종양과 감별하기 위해서가 6.3% (2명)였다. 단순 절제 및 생검을 시행한 모든 환자군에서 경과 관찰기간 동안 재발은 없었고, 미용적으로 만족하였으며 특별한 합병증은 발생하지 않았다. 결론: 결막의 양성종양인 복합모반은 나이와 상관없이 발생하며 위치나 크기, 모양, 색깔 등에 있어 다양한 양상을 보이며 임상적으로 진단이 가능하다. 치료로는 수술적으로 완전절제를 하며 대부분의 경우 재발이나 별다른 합병증 없이 치료된다. 또한 악성흑색종과의감별을 위해 조직검사를 같이 시행하여 확진하는 것이 바람직하겠다.

Simple Sequence Repeat (SSR)-Based Gene Diversity in Burkholderia pseudomallei and Burkholderia mallei

송한,황정현,Jaehee Myung,Hyoseok Seo,Hyojeong Yi,Hee-Sun Sim,Bong-Su Kim,William C. Nierman,김희남 한국분자세포생물학회 2009 Molecules and cells Vol.27 No.2

Pathogens Burkholderia pseudomallei (Bp) and Burkholderia mallei (Bm) contain a large number (> 12,000) of Simple Sequence Repeats (SSRs). To study the extent to which these features have contributed to the diversification of genes, we have conducted comparative studies with nineteen genomes of these bacteria. We found 210 genes with characteristic types of SSR variations. SSRs with nonamer repeat units were the most abundant, followed by hexamers and trimers. Amino acids with smaller and nonpolar R-groups are preferred to be encoded by the variant SSRs, perhaps due to their minimal impacts to protein functionality. A majority of these genes appears to code for surface or secreted proteins that may directly interact with the host factors during pathogenesis or other environmental factors. There also are others that encode diverse functions in the cytoplasm, and this protein variability may reflect an extensive involvement of phase variation in survival and adaptation of these pathogens.

중학생의 사이버불링 피해경험과 사이버불링 가해행동의 관계에서 공격성에 대한 규범적 신념의 매개효과

송한아(Han-Ah Song) 한국산학기술학회 2021 한국산학기술학회논문지 Vol.22 No.12

본 연구는 중학생을 대상으로 사이버불링 피해경험과 가해행동의 관계에서 공격성에 대한 규범적 신념의 매개효과를 알아보기 위해 실시되었다. 이를 위해 서울 및 경기 지역에 거주중인 중학생 360명(남: 168명, 여: 192명)을 대상으로 자기보고식 설문 및 온라인 설문을 통해 자료를 수집하였다. SPSS 22.0 프로그램을 활용하여 빈도분석, 상관관계분석, 위계적 회귀분석을 실시하였고, Sobel test로 공격성에 대한 규범적 신념의 매개효과를 검증하였다. 본 연구의 주요 결과는 다음과 같다. 첫째, 공격성에 대한 규범적 신념은 사이버불링 피해경험 및 가해행동과 각각 유의미한 정적인 상관관계가 있었으며, 사이버불링 피해경험 및 가해행동 간의 유의미한 정적 상관관계가 나타났다. 둘째, 사이버불링 가해행동에 대한 사이버불링 피해경험의 직접적인 영향이 유의미했고, 공격성에 대한 규범적 신념을 통한 사이버불링 가해행동에 대한 사이버불링 피해경험의 간접적인 영향이 유의미했다. 분석 결과, 사이버불링 피해경험이 사이버불링 가해행동에 미치는 영향에 있어서 공격성에 대한 규범적 신념이 부분 매개 효과를 있음을 확인했다. 마지막으로 본 연구결과를 바탕으로 사이버불링 피해경험, 사이버불링 가해행동을 보이는 중학생에 대한 개입 방법과 함께 연구의 의의, 제한점에 대해 논의하였다. This study examined the mediating effect of the normative belief about aggression between cybervictimization and cyberbullying perpetration among middle school students. The data for this study was collected in self-report and online survey modes from 360 students (168 boys and 192 girls) who live in Seoul and Gyeonggi. Frequency analysis, correlation analysis, and hierarchical regression analysis were conducted on the data using the SPSS 22.0 program, and the mediating effect of the normative belief about aggression was verified with the Sobel test. The key findings of this study were as follows. First, the normative belief about aggression had a significant positive correlation with cybervictimization and cyberbullying perpetration, and cybervictimization was positively significantly correlated with cyberbullying perpetration. Second, the direct effect of cybervictimization on cyberbullying perpetration was significant. In addition, the indirect effect of cybervictimization on cyberbullying perpetration through the normative belief about aggression was also significant. It was also confirmed from the study that the normative belief about aggression had a partial mediating effect on the relationship between cybervictimization and cyberbullying perpetration. Finally, intervention and prevention strategies for cybervictimization, cyberbullying perpetration, implications, and limitations of this study were presented.

안전관리 기술과 첨단 센서의 융합

김훈(Kim Hoon),송한일(Song Han Il),김용수(Kim Yong Soo),안승수(An Seung Su) 대한토목학회 2008 대한토목학회지 Vol.56 No.6

전방십자인대재건술 후 운동복귀 여부 판단을 위한 기능성 검사: 체계적 문헌고찰

하정구,정규성,공두환,송한의 대한스포츠의학회 2020 대한스포츠의학회지 Vol.38 No.2

Functional tests have been widely used for evaluating the ability to determine return to sports after anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) reconstruction. To object of this study is to review the current literatures which use functional tests to determine return to sports after ACL reconstruction. A literature search was conducted using the PubMed database. The inclusion criteria were articles published from 2015 to 2019, the English language, original clinical trials, all levels of evidence, primary ACL reconstruction, skeletal maturity, and >1 functional test used to allow release to sports activities. The exclusion criteria were revision ACL reconstructions or dislocated knees; major concomitant procedures such as high tibial osteotomy, meniscus allograft, other knee ligament reconstructions, immature patients. Twenty-three studies with 5,282 patients were included for this review. Total 47 kinds of tests for determining return to play were used at an average of 8.4 months. Single leg hop test was the most commonly used functional test, which was used in 16 studies, followed by triple hop and cross-over hop tests. Average limb symmetric index of the single leg hop test was 92.5%. Among the muscle strength tests, 60 deg/sec isokinetic knee extension test is the most common, which was used in eight studies, followed by 180 deg/sec isokinetic knee extension test, isometric knee extension test, 60 deg/sec isometric knee flexion test. Ten kinds of functional tests with motion analysis were performed in three studies. Single leg hop test was the most commonly reported functional test for determining return to play following ACL reconstruction and muscle strength test and motion analysis were also used as functional tests.

학술 1 - 축산물 위생 제언

양일,서동진,최낙춘,서현정,송승철,송한이,이병천,Yang, Il,Seo, Dong-Jin,Choe, Nak-Chun,Seo, Hyeon-Jeong,Song, Seung-Cheol,Song, Han-Lee,Lee, Byeong-Cheon 대한수의사회 2017 대한수의사회지 Vol.53 No.5

토양미생물을 이용한 유기물질 및 질소, 인 제거

송한,주봉현,김연권,신응배,고남호,김형건 漢陽大學校 環境工學硏究所 1999 環境科學論文集 Vol.20 No.-

최근 하수처리 공정의 악취 및 영양염류 동시제거에 대한 관심이 증대되면서 토양미생물을 하수처리시스템에 도입하는 공정이 연구·개발되고 있다. 이러한 토양미생물을 이용한 하·폐수 처리공정은 영양염류 제거능 및 제거기전의 검증이 미흡하여, 독립적인 실규모 영양염류 제거공정에 대한 적용사례가 미미한 실정이다. 이에 본 연구에서는 다양한 형태로 토양미생물을 이용한 영양염류 제거 공정을 개발하여 공정의 처리성능 및 안정성을 검증하고 영양염류 제거 기전을 밝혀 토양미생물을 이용한 영양염류 제거공정의 실용화 및 과학적인 관리방법의 초석을 마련하고자 하였다. 토양미생물의 특성을 살릴 수 있는 최적 형태의 공정을 개발하고자 네 종류의 비교대상 공정을 운전하였고, 운전기간 중 각 단위공정의 특성파악을 위한 Track study를 실시하였다. 실험결과 토양미생물을 이용한 영양염류 제거 공정은 안정된 처리성능을 보장하였으며, 비교대상 공정 중 체류시간과 영양염류 제거 효율을 고려할 때 혐기조를 전단부에 도입한 변형 간헐폭기 공정이 가장 우수한 공정으로 판단되었다. 또한 공정의 인 제거 효율을 향상시키기 위해서는 원활한 탈질반응이 필수적인 것으로 나타났다. Various types of BNR(biological nutrient removal) processes are designed and under construction in Korea. The one using soil microorganisms of the many modifications of BNR has become an interesting subject among researchers, because this process system has exhibited higher removal of nitrogen and phosphorus. Nevertheless, nutrients removal mechanisms of BNR process using soil microorganisms are not clearly verified yet. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to develop the optimum BNR process using soil microorganisms, to clarify the mechanisms of BNR using soil microorganisms, and to present BNR characteristics of the process. The four types of BNR processes were operated and track studies done. The results of this study are summarized as following: -The performance of modified intermittently aerating process was shown better than other types of BNR processes in this study. -The BNR process using soil microorganisms ensured high efficiency in organics and nutrients removal. -The denitrification turned out to be an important factor in phosphorus removal of the BNR process.

BNR 시스템 적용을 위한 미생물 순응/배양 특성

송한(Song Han),신응배(Sin Eung Bae),배우근(Bae U Geun) 大韓環境工學會 2003 대한환경공학회지 Vol.25 No.10

The Presence of Clonal Hematopoiesis Is Negatively Associated with Diabetic Peripheral Neuropathy in Type 2 Diabetes

오태정,송한,고영일,최성희 대한내분비학회 2022 Endocrinology and metabolism Vol.37 No.2

Background: Clonal hematopoiesis of indeterminate potential (CHIP) has been reported to be associated with increased cardiovascular disease, aging and insulin resistance. Despite the debate of causal contribution of CHIP on metabolic diseases, we want to explore whether CHIP is related to diabetic peripheral neuropathy (DPN). Methods: This study analyzed the prevalence of CHIP in patients with type 2 diabetes classified according to DPN status. Logisticregression analysis was used to evaluate the association between CHIP and DPN. Results: CHIP was more prevalent in subjects without DPN than those with DPN (19.9% vs. 8.8%, respectively; P=0.013). Individuals having any CHIP, or DNA methyltransferase 3A (DNMT3A) CHIP were less likely to have any abnormality shown in DPN test;the adjusted odds ratio were 0.85 (95% confidence interval [CI], 0.73 to 1.00) and 0.70 (95% CI, 0.56 to 0.89), respectively. Interestingly, DNMT3A CHIP showed the negative association, but Tet methylcytosine dioxygenase 2 (TET2) CHIP showed the positive association with abnormal feet electrochemical skin conductance level. Conclusion: On the contrary to expectations, CHIP was negatively associated with DPN. Functional linking between the mutationin hematopoietic cells and DPN, and the opposite role of DNMT3A and TET2 should be investigated.

BNR 시스템 적용을 위한 미생물 순응/배양 특성

신응배,배우근,송한,윤현식 대한환경공학회 1998 대한환경공학회 학술발표논문집 Vol.1998 No.12