혼합 생균제가 열 스트레스에 노출된 산란계의 생산성, 계란품질, 면역반응 및 맹장 미생물에 미치는 효과

송영한(Young-Han Song),고용균(Yong GyunGoh),엄경환(Kyung-Hwan Um),박병성(Byung-Sung Park) 한국유화학회 2018 한국응용과학기술학회지 Vol.35 No.3

This study was conducted to investigate the effects of probiotic mixture on fecal ammonia, caecal microorganism, immune response, egg quality and production in layer under heat stress (HS).A total of four hundred 50 week olds Hy-Line Brown layers were randomly divided into four groups of 100 heads each: C (control, room temperature 25℃), HS (heat stress 33℃), PM (HS plus probiotic mixture 500, 750 mg/kg of diets). Egg production, egg quality, spleen weight, blood IgG and lymphocyte concentrations were increased in the PM group compared to the HS group, while mortality, the heterophil:lymphocyte (H:L) ratio, and corticosterone levelswere significantly decreased. Lactobacillus was increased in the PM group compared to the HS group, but E. coli, coliform bacteria and aerobic bacteria were significantly reduced. Fecal ammonia production was significantly increased in the HS group compared to the PM group. In conclusion, the results of this study that these mixed probiotics can reduce the heat damage of the summer laying hens and can be an effective nutritional strategy to reduce odor generation from feces, and to improve egg quality and laying production through immune response and caecal microbial balance. 본 연구는 열 스트레스 (heat stress, HS)에 노출된 산란계에서 혼합 생균제의 급여가 생산 성, 계란품질, 면역반응, 맹장 미생물 및 분 암모니아에 미치는 효과를 조사하였다. 총 400마리의 50주령 Hy-Line brown 산란계를 무작위로 각각 100마리씩 4 그룹, C (대조군, 실온 25℃), HS (열 스트레스 33℃), HSP (HS 플러스 혼합 생균제 500, 750 mg/kg)로 배치하였다. 산란계의 생산성, 계란품질, 비장 무게, 혈액 IgG 및 lymphocyte 농도는 HSP 그룹에서 HS 그룹과 비교했을 때 증가하였고, 코르티 코스테론, heterophil과 lymphocyte의 비율 (H:L) 및 폐사율은 유의하게 낮았다. Lactobacillus는 HSP 그룹에서 HS 그룹과 비교했을 때 증가하였으나 Escherichiacoli (E. coli), coliform bacteria 및 aerobic bacteria는 유의하게 낮았다. 분에서 암모니아 발생은 HS 그룹이 HSP 그룹에 비해서 유의하게 증가하 였다. 결론적으로, 이러한 혼합 생균제가 여름철 산란계의 더위 피해를 방해주고 면역반응, 맹장 미생물 균형을 경유하여 생산성, 계란품질 및 계분으로부터 악취 발생을 줄이는 데 효율적인 영양전략이 될 수있음을 나타낸다.

혼합 생균제가 열 스트레스에 노출된 브로일러의 면역반응, 맹장 미생물과 성장능력에 미치는 효과

송영한(Young-Han Song),고용균(Yong GyunGoh),엄경환(Kyung-Hwan Um),박병성(Byung-Sung Park) 한국유화학회 2018 한국응용과학기술학회지 Vol.35 No.3

본 연구는 열 스트레스 (heat stress, HS)에 노출된 브로일러에서 혼합 생균제의 급여가 혈액 생체지표, 면역반응, 맹장 미생물 및 생산성에 미치는 영향을 조사하였다. 총 400마리의 브로일러 수컷 (Ross 308)을 각각 100마리씩 4그룹, C (대조군, 실온 25℃), HS (열 스트레스 33℃), HSP (HS플 러스 혼합 생균제 500, 750 mg/kg) 그룹으로 배치하였다. 브로일러의 증체량, 사료섭취, 사료요구율 및면역기관 무게는 HSP 그룹에서 HS 그룹과 비교했을 때 증가하였다. 혈액 IgG, lymphocytes 농도는 HS 그룹에서 HSP그룹과 비교했을 때 증가하였고, heterophil과 lymphocyte(H:L)비율, 코르티코스테론 농도 및 폐사율은 낮았다. 맹장의 Lactobacillus는 HS 그룹과 비교했을 때 HSP 그룹에서 증가하였으나 Escherichia coli (E. coli), coliform bacteria, aerobic bacteria는 낮아졌다. 본 연구결과는 열 스트레스에 노출된 브로일러에게 B. subtilis, S. galilaeus 및 Sphingobacteriaceae등 3가지 균주가 포함된 혼합 생균제를 급여해주면 면역반응 증진, 미생물 균형을 유지해줌으로써 폐사율을 낮추고 생산성을 개선할수 있음을 시사해준다. This study was investigated the effect of dietary probiotic mixture on blood biomarkers, immune responses, caecal microorganism and productivity in broiler chickens under heat stress (HS). A total of 400 broiler chick males (Ross 308) were divided into four groups of 100 heads each, group C (control, room temperature 25°C), HS (heat stress 33°C) and HSP (HSplus probiotic mixture 500, 750 mg/kg of diet), respectively. Broiler body weight gain, feed intake, feed conversion ratio and immune organ weight increased in the HSP group compared to the HS group. The concentrations of blood IgG and lymphocyte were increased in the HSP group compared to the HS group, and the heterophil:lymphocyte (H:L) ratio, corticosterone concentration and mortality were low. Lactobacillus in the cecum increased in the HSP group compared to the HS group, but was lower in Escherichiacoli (E. coli), coliform bacteria and aerobic bacteria. These results indicate that feeding probitic mixture including three strains such as B. subtilis, S. galilaeus and Sphingobacteriaceae to broiler exposed to heat stress can improve production with lowering mortality by improving immune response and microbial balance.

Ahemeral light - dark cycle 이 닭의 에너지대사에 미치는 영향

송영한(Young Han Song),이영철(Yong Chull Rhee) 한국축산학회 1988 한국축산학회지 Vol.30 No.2

Experiments were carried out to determine the effects of the light-dark cycle on weight gain, feed conversion, heat production and energy retention by 9-16 week-old cockerels. Light(L)-dark(D) regimes used were OL-24D, 8L-16D, 12L-12D, 16L-8D, 24L-8D, 13L-8D, 19L-8D and 22L-8D, and the summarized results are as follows. 1. Fasting heat production (FHP) was higher during the light cycle than the dark cycle and not affected by the length of the cycle-21, 24, 27 or 30 hours. 2. The average FHP/Kg^(0.75)/24 hours were 72.7, 74.8, 78.7, 81.8, 80.1, 78.3, 76.3, and 76.4 Kcal in cockerels raised under OL-24D, 8L-16D, 12L-12D, 16L-8D, 24L-0D, 13L-8D, 19L-8D and 22L-8D, respectively`. 3. Cockerels raised under the 19L-8D regimes tended to show higher (p$lt;0.05) body weight gain and better (P$lt;0.05) feed conversion than those raised under the other regimes. 4. The metabolizable energy requirement for maintenance (MEm) was lower in cockerels raised under 16L8D, 19L-8D and 22L-8D than those raised under 13L-8D and NAME was highest in cockerels raised under 19L-8D.

FMD에 따른 한우브랜드별 영향과 포지셔닝 -강원도를 중심으로-

최명래 ( Myeong Rae Choi ),송영한 ( Yong Han Song ),노성훈 ( Sung Hoon Roh ),김희걸 ( Xi Jie Jin ),이정숙 ( Jeoung Suk Lee ),최준식 ( Jun Sik Choi ),최종산 ( Jong San Choi ),이종인 ( Jong In Lee ) 한국식품유통학회 2014 食品流通硏究 Vol.31 No.4

This treatise``s purpose is presenting to how activate livestock brand through an analysis regarding influence of FMD(Foot and Mouth Disease). To analysis, consumersurvey have been done for Gangwon-6 brand beef(Hoengseong livestock cattle, Hi-lok, Hanwooryeong, Daegwanryung beef, Neulpureum-Hongcheon Hanwoo, Chiaksan Cattle). After consumer survey, consumer``s consumption patterns on brand beef associated with FMD have been analysised using SPSS. In case of brand awareness, Hoengseong livestock cattle, Daegwanryung beef are higher than others. in case of brand image(avertising, marbling, safety, logos, and price), Hoengseong livestock cattle, Daegwanryung beef also more positive than others. Lastly in case of positioning of the position, compared with before FMD, Hoengseong livestock cattle, Daegwanryung beef is almost unchanged after FMD. Based on result of analysis, to activate brand beef need three things. First, General cattle is changing into Brand cattle. Second, strict management and improvement of livestock breeding environments is needed. Finally, method that improve brand awareness and brand image is needed.

동물행동과 복지 : 사육밀도가 토종육계의 행동특성에 미치는 영향

하재정 ( Jae Jung Ha ),이용준 ( Yong Joon Rhee ),김병천 ( Byong Chon Kim ),오상집 ( Sang Jip Ohh ),송영한 ( Young Han Song ) 한국동물자원과학회(구 한국축산학회) 2011 한국축산학회지 Vol.53 No.5

Rearing density is a major factor in welfare production and health of broiler chicks. An experiment was conducted to investigate the effect of rearing density on the behavioral characteristics of Korean native chicks. In the study, 20, 30, and 40 chicks per pen(3.17m2) were used in each treatment and randomly allotted to 6.3bird/m2, 9.5bird/m2, and 12.6bird/m2 density, respectively. The broilers` behavior was recorded for 12 hours continuously during 1 to 8 weeks of age. The time budgets(standing, sitting, and walking) and frequencies of certain behaviors(drinking, feeding, preening, scratching, dust bathing, flapping, aggressive pecking, and pecking) in the broilers were checked during the day. The behavioral characteristics in the early period(1 to 4 weeks) were compared to the later period(5 to 8 weeks) to know the changes in each behavior as the chicks matured. It was observed that 40 chicks per pen showed significant decrease in feed intake and body weight. Corticosterone hormone was higher in the order of 12.6bird/m2 > 9.5bird/m2 > 6.3bird/m2(p<0.05). The behaviors of standing and sitting were the highest in groups of 30 and 40 respectively. The walking behavior was gradually decreased as rearing density increased. The frequencies of the other behaviors also decreased in a high density treatment; especially for feeding, drinking, preening, and pecking. These tendencies widened the gaps of behaviors as time passed. It was concluded that a group of 20 chicks(6.3bird/m2) was the proper rearing density among these three treatments. Broilers in the lower rearing density showed more activity than that with higher density and therefore this environment may lead to better welfare condition.

사육밀도와 사료 단백질 수준이 저속 성장 육계(한협 3호)의 성장, 육질, 혈청 Corticosterone에 미치는 영향

이준엽(Jun Yeob Lee),이정헌(Jeong Heon Lee),이명호(Myung Ho Lee),송영한(Yong Han Song),이종인(Jong In Lee),오상집(Sang Jip Ohh) 한국가금학회 2016 韓國家禽學會誌 Vol.43 No.4

세 수준(6.3, 9.5, 12.6 수/m²)의 사육밀도와 사료 단백질 수준(19%, 18%)이 저속성장 육계(한협 3호)의 육성성적, 영양소 이용률, 닭고기 저장성, 육색, 계육 성분 및 뼈의 광물질조성과 혈청 corticosterone 함량에 미치는 영향을 조사하였다. 사육 밀도는 한협 3호 육성성적에 유의적인 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다. 증체량은 저 밀도인 6.3 수/m² 구에서 가장 높았으며, 고밀도(12.6 수/m²) 구에서 가장 낮았다. 특히 고사육 밀도에서는 사료섭취량이 유의적으로 감소한 것으로 나타났다. 그러나 낮은 사료섭취량으로 인하여 고사육밀도 계군의 사료요구율이 타 사육 밀도 계군의 사료요구율에 비하여 상대적으로 낮았다. 고밀도 계군에서의 사료 섭취량 저하와 낮은 사료요구율은 41∼60일 구간보다는 61∼75일 구간에 현저하게 나타났는데, 그 영향으로 전 사육기간의 사료섭취량과 사료요구율도 차이가 나타났다. 본 연구에서 사료 단백질 1% 차이는 증체량과 사료요구율에 차이를 나타내지 않았다. 다만 41∼75일 구간 사료섭취량은 단백질 19% 구에 비하여 오히려 18% 구에서 낮았다. 저장 중 계육의 TBARS 값은 처리구간에 차이가 없었다. 하지만 계육의 적색도와 명도는 사료 단백질 수준에 따라, 황색도는 사육 밀도에 따라 차이가 나타났다. 가슴육의 단백질 함량과 다리육의 Ca과 P의 함량은 각각 사료 단백질 수준과 사육밀도에 영향을 받았다. 사료의 단백질 수준과 사육밀도는 뼈의 회분함량 및 회분 중 Ca과 P의 함량에는 영향을 미치지 않았다. 혈청 corticosterone 함량은 사육밀도가 낮을수록 낮게 나타났으나, 사료 단백질 수준에 따른 차이는 없었다. 본 연구 결과, 저속성장 육계 한협 3호 사육후기 단계에 고사육 밀도(12.6수/m²)로 사육하는 것은 생산성을 하락시킬 뿐 아니라, 혈청corticosterone 함량도 높이므로 바람직하지 않음을 알 수 있었다. 또한 한협 3호 육계의 후기 사료 단백질을 18% 수준으로 설계하더라도 생산성에 차이가 없음을 알게 되었다. A total of 720 slow-growing Korean meat-type (Hanhyop 3) chicken were used to evaluate the effect of stocking densities and dietary protein levels on growth performance, meat quality, bone mineral composition, and serum corticosterone. Three (6.3, 9.5, and 12.6 birds/m²) stocking densities and two dietary protein levels (19% and 18%) were factorially (3×2) arranged for six treatments. Overall body weight gain (BWG) was highest (p<0.001) at the lowest stocking density (6.3 birds/m²). The feed intake (FI) of birds at the highest density (12.6 birds/m2) was lower than that of birds at the other densities, but resulted in better feed/gain (F/G). Among 18% protein groups, the overall FI of birds at 9.5 birds/m2 was higher than that at the lowest density; therefore, birds at 9.5 birds/m2 had poorer F/G than birds at the lowest density during days 61∼75. Difference in F/G among densities was only significant (p<0.05) during days 61∼75 but not significant (p>0.05) during days 41∼60. Although there were no significant differences (p>0.05) in BWG and F/G between 19% and 18% dietary protein levels, FI of the 18% protein diet was less (p<0.05) than that of the 19% diet. Although there was no difference (p>0.05) in meat TBARS values, meat color differed (p<0.05) with stocking density and dietary protein levels. There was no effect (p>0.05) of stocking density and dietary protein levels on bone mineral composition. Serum corticosterone concentration increased (p<0.05) with increasing stock density but was not affected (p>0.05) by dietary protein levels. This study indicated that a density of 12.6 birds/m² is not recommended for slow-growing chickens. Between 19% and 18% dietary protein levels, 18% would be recommended for the Korean Hanhyop 3 chicken in the finishing stage.

의사결정나무분석기법을 이용한 계절별 한우육의 육색 특성에 미치는 요인분석

김석중,김용선,송영한,이성기 한국동물자원과학회 2002 한국축산학회지 Vol.44 No.5

계절별로 도축된 한우육의 육색에 미치는 요인들을 구체적으로 분석하고자 2000년도에 도축된 한우의 pH, 성별, 등지방두께, 등심단면적, 도체중, 출하연령, 도체심부온도, 외기온도, 외기상대습도 요인이 육색에 미치는 영향을 분석하였다. 분석결과, 여름에는 L*값(명도)이 비거세우가 유의적으로 낮았던 것을 제외하고 모든 육색특성에서 유의적이지 않은 것으로 나타났으며 기타 계절에서는 모든 육색특성에서 거세우가 유의적으로 높은 값을 나타내었다. 또한 중회귀 분석결과 모든 육색특성(L*, a*, C*, h^0)에서 pH가 증가할수록 그 값들은 감소하였으며, 등지방두께는 증가할수록 그 값들은 증가하였다. 각 요인별로 의사결정나무분석을 실시한 결과, 명도(L*)가 가장 높은 것은 봄과 가을에 도축한 암소와 거세우였으며 적색도(a*)는 가을에 도축한 한우중 pH가 5.63 미만이고 외기상대습도가 71.5% 이상인 경우인 것으로 나타났다. Chroma값(C*)은 여름과 가을에 도축하고 pH가 5.60 미만이면서 등지방두께가 8㎜ 이상인 한우가 가장 높았으며, hue angle(h^0)은 봄, 여름, 가을에 도축하고 pH가 5.66 미만이며 등지방두께가 8㎜ 이상인 한우 중 심부온도가 4.7℃ 미만인 것으로 나타났다. This study analyzed the effects of pH, sex, backfat thickness, ribeye area, cold carcass weight, shipping month, muscle internal temperature, average daily temperature, and average relative humidity for slaughtered Hanwoo to meat color by season. The analyses focused on interaction and each effect to meat color of the factor. For the result for analysis of multiple linear regressions, meat color values were decreased as pH increased in all meat color, and the meat color values increased as the backfat thickness was increased. As the results of the decision tree analysis by each factor, cow and steer slaughtered in spring and autumn were the highest in the lightness(L*). The redness(a*) was the cases that pH was less than 5.63 and average relative humidity was over than 71.5% for Hanwoo slaughtered in autumn. The chroma(C*) value was the highest for Hanwoo that was slaughtered in summer and autumn, the pH was less than 5.60, and the back fat thickness was over than 8 ㎜. The hue angle(h^0) was shown that the muscle internal temperature was less than 4.7℃ among Hanwoo which was slaughtered in spring, summer, and autumn, the pH was less than 5.66, and the back fat thickness was over than 8 ㎜.