Spermiogenesis and Taxonomical Values of Sperm Ultrastructures in Male Crassostrea ariakensis (Fujita & Wakiya, 1929) (Pteroirmorphia: Ostreidae) in the Estuary of the Seomjin River, Korea

손팔원,정의영,정재승,김진희 한국발생생물학회 2014 발생과 생식 Vol.18 No.3

Characteristics of the developmental stages of spermatids during spermiogenesis and phylogeneticclassicfication of the species using sperm ultrastructures in male Crassostrea ariakensis were investigated by transmissionelectron microscope observations. The morphology of the spermatozoon of this species has a primitive type and is similar tothose of Ostreidae. Ultrastructures of mature sperms are composed of broad, modified cap-shaped acrosomal vesicle and anaxial rod in subacrosomal materials on an oval nucleus, four spherical mitochondria in the sperm midpiece, and satellite fibreswhich appear near the distal centriole. The axoneme of the sperm tail shows a 9+2 structure. Accordingly, the ultrastructuralcharacteristics of mature sperm of C. ariakensis resemble to those of other investigated ostreids in Ostreidae in the subclassPteriomorphia. In this study, particularly, two transverse bands (stripes) appear at the anterior region of the acrosomal vesicleof this species, unlike two or three transverse bands (stripes) in C. gigas. It is assumed that differences in this acrosomalsubstructure are associated with the inability of fertilization between the genus Crassostrea and other genus species inOstreidae. Therefore, we can use sperm ultrastructures and morphologies in the resolution of taxonomic relationships withinthe Ostreidae in the subclass Pteriomorphia. These spermatozoa, which contain several ultrastructures such as acrosomalvesicle, an axial rod in the sperm head part and four mitochondria and satellite fibres in the sperm midpiece, belong to thefamily Ostreidae in the subclass Pteriomorphia.

Oogenesis and Reproductive Cycle in Ruditapes philippinarum on the West Coast of Korea

손팔원,김은종 한국패류학회 2006 The Korean Journal of Malacology Vol.22 No.1

Received March 27, 2006; Accepted May 27, 2006Corresponding author: Son, Pal-Won Tel: +82 (32) 745-0608 e-mail: aqson@nfrdi.re.kr1225-3480/22106C The Malacological Society of KoreaOogenesis and the reproductive cycle in female Ruditapes philippinarum were investigated by cytological and histological observations. R. philippinarum is dioecious and oviparous. During vitellogenesis, the Golgi complex, glycogen particles and mitochondria were involved in the formation of lipid droplets and lipid granules in the cytoplasm of the early vitellogenic oocyte. In the late vitellogenic oocyte, cortical granules, the endoplasmic reticulum, and mitochondria were involved in the formation of proteid yolk granules in the cytoplasm. At this time, exogenous lipid granular substance and glycogen particles in the germinal epithelium passed into the oocyte through the microvilli of the vitelline envelope. The spawning period was once a year between early June and early October, and the main spawning occurred between July and August when seawater temperature was approximately 20℃. The reproductive cycle of this species can be categorized into five successive stages: early active stage (January to March), late active stage (February to May), ripe stage (April to August), partially spawned stage (May to October), and spent/inactive stage (August to February). Percentages of female clams at first sexual maturity of 15.1-20.0 mm in shell length were 52.6% (50% of the rate of group maturity was 17.83 mm in length), and 100% for the clams > 25.1 mm.

키조개, Atrina pectinata의 자연채묘연구

손팔원,장대수,하동수,이창훈,김대권 한국패류학회 2005 The Korean Journal of Malacology Vol.21 No.2

In this experiment of natural Atrina pectinata spat collection, the number of the pen shell spats settled on a collector was 4.2, 6.8, and 2.7 in the first, second, and third year, respectively. The highest number of pen shell spat settled on the collector was observed in August, and the shell length of juvenile pen shells grew up to 42.5 mm six months after setting. The relation between shell length and days after setting could be expressed as; shell length = 0.3854 x days after setting + 0.8423 (r2 = 0.9764). The spats developed the best in depth of 10-20 m. Spat collectors in mesh size of 1 x 2 mm were better for spats to survive than the ones in 1 x 1 mm. The most efficient material as substrate for the settlement of pen shell spat was a polyethylene monofilament in the spat collectors. 1995년 10월부터 1997년 10월까지 2년간 제주도 서귀포시 법환 어장 및 전라남도 장흥군 득량만 어장에서 키조개 자연채묘와 치패의 성장을 조사하였다.환경조사에서는 수온은 법환 어장 14.1-24.1℃, 득량만 어장 4.7-28.5℃로서 법환 어장의 최저수온이 득량만 어장에 비해 9.4℃ 높았으며, 최고 수온은 4.4℃ 낮게 나타났다. 그 외의 8개 항목의 수질은 비슷한 결과를 나타내었으나 용존 무기질소가 법환 어장에서 다소 낮게 나타났으며 키조개의 서식에는 큰 영향을 미치지 않는 범위였다.자연채묘는 키조개의 채묘기당 부착밀도는 법환 어장의 경우 10-13 m 수층에서 6.6 개체로 가장 높게 나타났고 득량만 어장에서는 1.9 개체였다. 월별로는 8월에 채묘를 실시한 시험구가 부착밀도 및 성장이 가장 좋았다. 부착한 키조개 치패의 성장은 채묘 6개월 후 평균 각장 42.5 mm로 성장하였으며, 부착일수에 따른 각장의 관계식은 Y = 0.3854X + 0.8423 (r2 = 0.9764) 로 나타낼 수 있었다. 수심별 부착밀도 및 성장은 10-21 m층이 표층 및 저층에 비해 좋았다.키조개 치패의 망목크기는 1 × 2 mm가 가장 좋았고, 부착기질은 polyethylene monofilament가 가장 양호한 것으로 조사되었다.

Gametogenesis, Mating Behaviour and Spawning of Octopus ocellatus (Cephalopoda: Octopodidae) in Western Korea

손팔원,김병균,김성한 한국패류학회 2015 The Korean Journal of Malacology Vol.31 No.2

Gametogenesis, mating behaviour, spawning behaviour, and estimated longevity of Octopus ocellatus were investigated by histological study. This species is dioecious, and showed a protandry phenomenon. Ooogenesis (in females) and spermatogenesis (in males) can be classified into 3 stages, respectively. O. ocellatus copulates in one of two ways: a male may leap upon a female, mounting her mantle, or a male may sit near the female and extend the hectocotylized third right arm toward her. Spawning occurred between April and June in females, and between March and May in males of O. ocellatus. The spawning period was once a year and the peak took place between May and June. A number of flatened follicle cells, which were attached to an oocyte, were involved in vitellogenesis in the cytoplasm of the vitellogenic oocyte (maturing oocyte), and formation of chorion membrane (secondary egg membrane) of the ovarian eggs. Fecundity per female closely related to GSI was 294-660 eggs (average, 429 eggs). The díameters of the ovarían eggs surrounded by chorion membrane were approximately ín the range of 10.10-2.50 mm. Each ovarian egg laid by a female was connected to an egg string. Each egg string was 1-5.5 cm (average 3.6 cm). The total number of eggs laid by a female of this species ranged 218-314, the egg sizes were independent to the size of female adult. this species has a life mode showing some special reproductive characteristics of an annual semelparity as shown in Octopodidae species because we have never seen a female spawning a second time.

해가리비, Amusium japonicum japonicum (GMELIN)의 연령과 성장에 관한 연구

손팔원,하동수,노섬,장대수,Son Pal-Won,Ha Dong-Soo,Rho Sum,Chang Dae-Soo 한국양식학회 1996 韓國養殖學會誌 Vol.9 No.4

해가리비의 패각에 나타난 윤문을 이용한 연령과 성장 및 생태에 관한 몇 가지 특징을 검토한 결과는 다음과 같다. 서귀포를 중심으로한 제주도 남부해성에 주로 분포하고 있는 해가리비의 산난기는 수온이 $17\~20^{\circ}C$되는 10월에서 12월로 나타났고, 2회 이상 다회산난하는 것으로 판단된다. 분포수온은 $14\~23^{\circ}C$ 범위이고, 주 서식장소는 사이질인 수심 $30\~40$ m였다. 패각에 나타난 윤문형성 시기는 산란기와 일치되고 있었다. 해가리비의 각고성장은 비교적 빠른 것으로 나타났고, 1연패의 경우 각고 6.28 cm, 2연패의 경우는 9.07 cm로 나타났으며, 이론적인 최대 각고는 13.3 cm 였다. 체중의 증가는 1세때 18.8 g, 2세 60 g, 3세의 경우는 102.4 g으로 급격히 증가하고, 최대체중은 198.8 g인 것으로 나타나, 금후 자연채묘에 의하여 양식을 시도하였을 때, 충분한 산업적 가치가 있을 것으로 여겨진다. Age, annual growth pattern, and other ecologically important observations are reporting from the analysis of annual growth annuli of the sun and moon scallop, Amusium japonicum. Field survey made from 1993 to 1994 indicated that the sun and moon scallops are mostly distributed along the southern coast of Cheju-do, especially around the Sogwipo area. They inhabit on muddy sand bottom, at depth between 30 and 40 m where water temperature varies from 14 to $23^{\circ}C$ annually. The gonadal analysis indicated that the spawning mostly occurs during October and December and they exhibit multiple spawning peaks. The formation of annual growth annuli was found to be related with their spawning period. The shell growth on A. japonium japonicum appeared that their shell growth rate is comparatively faster than that of other scallops : 1. japonium japonicum reaches 6.28 cm in shell hight at the first year and 9.07 cm at the second year. The growth rate of gonadal somatic tissue was also found to be faster than growth rates of other scallops. One year old scallops weigh about 18.8 g, two and three year old scallops weigh 60 and 102.4 g. Based upon these observations, it is concluded that A. japonium japonicum can be a valuable species for aquaculture development due to their rapid growth.

Gonadal Development, First Sexual Maturity and Sex Ratio of the Sun and Moon Scallop Amusium japonicum japonicum on the Coastal Waters of Jejudo, Korea

손팔원,정의영 한국발생생물학회 2005 발생과 생식 Vol.9 No.2

한국 제주도산 해가리비(Amusium japonicum japonicum)를 대상으로 생식주기, 생식소중량지수(GSI), 난경조성 변화, 군성숙도, 성적 성숙체장(50% 군성숙도) 및 성비를 조직학적 관찰 및 생체 측정에 의해 조사하였다. 해가리비는 자웅이체이다. 생식소 중량지수(GSI)의 월별 변화는 생식주기와 유사한 양상을 보였다. 완숙 난모세포들은 직경이 약 정도이며, 두터운 난막을 가지는 특징을 가지고 있다. 산란기는 11월부터 1월 사이이며 Reproductive cycle, gonadosomatic index(GSI), egg diameter composition, first sexual maturity, sexually matured length(50% of first sexual maturity), and sex ratio of Amusium japonicum japonicum, were investigated by histological observations and morphometric data. Samples were collected monthly from the subtidal zone of Sogwipo, Jejudo, Korea, for two years. The sun and moon scallop Amusium japonicum japonicum is dioecious. Monthly variation in the GSI showed similar patterns with the reproductive cycle. Ripe oocytes were about in diameter and had thick egg membranes. The spawning period was from November to January, and the main spawning occurred between November and December when the seawater temperature was relatively low. From monthly changes in egg diameter composition, the spawning period was once a year, although the number of spawning frequencies is assumed to occur more than twice during the spawning season. The reproductive cycle of this species could be divided into five successive stages: early active stage(April to June), late active stage(June to September), ripe stage(October to November), spawning stage(November to January), and spent/resting stage(February to April). First sexual maturities in female and male scallops ranging from 85.1 to 90.0mm in shell length were over 50% and they were 100% for scallops over 90.0mm in shell length. In this population, sexually matured shell lengths(50% of rate of group maturity) in females and males were 86.96 and 86.59mm, respectively. The female to male sex ratio among individuals over 85.1mm in shell length was not significantly different from 1:1(, p>0.05). No evidence of hermaphrodite was found in histological sections of any scallop examined.

한국 섬진강 기수역 암컷 피뿔고둥 Rapana venosa (복족류 : 뿔소라과)의 생식세포 발달에 따른 난황형성과정의 미세구조적 연구 및 교미 시기와 산란 활성

손팔원,이일호,김성한 한국수산해양교육학회 2015 水産海洋敎育硏究 Vol.27 No.4

Ultrstructural studies of germ cell differentiation and vitellogenesis in the oocytes of the female Rapana venosa in the brackish water area of Seomjin River were investigated by transmission electron microscope observations. In the early vitellogenic oocytes, the Golgi complex and mitochondria were involved in the formation of glycogen particle, lipid droplets, and yolk granules. In the late vitellogenic oocytes, the rough endoplasmic reticulum and multivesicular bodies were involved in the formation of proteid yolk granules in the cytoplasm. However, heterosynthetic vitellogenesis in this species were not observed in vitellogenic oocytes during oogenesis. A mature yolk granule was composed of three components: crystalline core, electron lucent cortex and the limiting membrane. As shown in some large gastropods, vitellogenesis in R. venosa occurred by way of endogenous autosynthesis without heterosythetic vitellogenesis (exogeneous endocytosis), which are found in the oocytes in bivalves. The mating period and spawning activity were related with the increases of seawater temperatures and salinities.. Ultrstructural studies of germ cell differentiation and vitellogenesis in the oocytes of the female Rapana venosa in the brackish water area of Seomjin River were investigated by transmission electron microscope observations. In the early vitellogenic oocytes, the Golgi complex and mitochondria were involved in the formation of glycogen particle, lipid droplets, and yolk granules. In the late vitellogenic oocytes, the rough endoplasmic reticulum and multivesicular bodies were involved in the formation of proteid yolk granules in the cytoplasm. However, heterosynthetic vitellogenesis in this species were not observed in vitellogenic oocytes during oogenesis. A mature yolk granule was composed of three components: crystalline core, electron lucent cortex and the limiting membrane. As shown in some large gastropods, vitellogenesis in R. venosa occurred by way of endogenous autosynthesis without heterosythetic vitellogenesis (exogeneous endocytosis), which are found in the oocytes in bivalves. The mating period and spawning activity were related with the increases of seawater temperatures and salinities.

해가리비, Amusium japonicum japonicum (GMELIN)의 年齡과 成長에 관한 硏究

손팔원(Pal-Won Son),하동수(Dong-Soo Ha),노섬(Sum Rho),장대수(Dae-Soo Chang) 한국수산과학회 양식분과 1996 韓國養殖學會誌 Vol.9 No.4

해가라비, Amusium japonicum japonicum (GMELIN) 종묘생산에 관한 연구

손팔원(Pal-won Son),하동수(Dong-soo Ha),노섬(Sum Rho),장대수(Dae-soo Chang),이창훈(Chang-hoon Lee),김대권(Dae-kweon Kim) 한국수산과학회 양식분과 1998 韓國養殖學會誌 Vol.11 No.3

Spermiogenesis and Taxonomical Values of Sperm Ultrastructures in Male Mercenaria stimpsoni (Heterodonta: Veneridae)

김진희,손팔원,김성한,Young Je Park,이기영 한국패류학회 2014 The Korean Journal of Malacology Vol.30 No.3

Spermatid differentiations during spermiogenesis and sperm ultrastructures in male Mercenaria stimpsoni were investigated by transmission electron microscopic observations. In the early stage of the spermatid during spermiogenesis, a few granules and a proacrosomal granule, which is formed by the Golgi complex, become a proacrosomal vesicle. Consequently, it becomes an acrosome by way of the process of acrosome formation. The morphologies of the sperm nucleus type and the acrosome of this species have a curved cylindrical type and cap shape, respectively. The spermatozoon is approximately 48-50 μm in length including a curved cylinderical sperm nucleus (about 2.65 μm long), an acrosome (about 0.64 μm in length) and tail flagellum (40-45 μm long). As some ultrastructural characteristics of the acrosomal vesicle, the peripheral parts of two basal rings show electron opaque part (region), while the apex part of the acrosome shows electron lucent part (region). These charateristics of the sperm belong to the family Veneridae in the subclass Heterodonta, unlike a characteristic of the subclass Pteriomorphia showing all part of the acrosome being composed of electron opaque part (region). Therefore, it is easy to distinguish the families or the subclasses by the acrosome structures. Exceptionally, In particular, a cylinder-like nucleus of the sperm is curved (the angle of the nucleus is about 80°), as seen in some species of Veneridae (range from 0°-80°). The number of mitochondria in the midpiece of the sperm of this species are four, as one of common characteristics appeared in most species except for a few species in Veneridae in the subclass Heterodonta. Cross-sectioned axoneme of the sperm tail flagellum shows a 9+2 structure.