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소윤환 ( Yoon Hwan So ),강동환 ( Dong Hwan Kang ),김일규 ( Il Kyu Kim ),김병우 ( Byung Woo Kim ),윤환진 ( Hwan Jin Yoon ),김시현 ( Si Hyeon Kim ),손용석 ( Yong Seok Son ),신정현 ( Jung Hyeon Shin ),안정우 ( Jeong Woo Ahn ) 한국환경과학회 2017 한국환경과학회지 Vol.26 No.2
This study investigated the characteristics of variations in carbon dioxide concentration and air temperature with the vertical change of surface in a grassplot. Field observations were carried out at a grassplot in Gyeongnam Science High School, over four days in August and November, 2015. Continuous observation equipment (GMP343, VAISALA) was installed at the LP (0.1 m from the surface) and UP (1.1 m from the surface) points, and the carbon dioxide concentration and air temperature were measured simultaneously at 1-min intervals. To summarize the results of the observation, August had higher than average concentrations of carbon dioxide, while November showed average air temperatures. Moreover, the concentration of carbon dioxide was higher at the UP point, while the air temperature was higher at the LP point. The correlation coefficient of carbon dioxide concentration between the UP and LP points was 0.80 in August across all the four days, while it was higher in November at 0.58 0.95. The results of the regression analysis of carbon dioxide concentration with air temperature changes for both August and November showed a distinct change at the LP point (R2=0.36 0.76), as compared to the UP point (R2=0.1 0.57). Between the UP and LP points, the carbon dioxide concentration and air temperature regression analysis results indicated that an active exchange was taking place between the two points.
시설농업단지에서 HydroGeoSphere 모델을 이용한 지하수 유동 및 물수지 분석
강동환,소윤환,김일규,오세봉,김수홍,김병우,Kang, Dong-hwan,So, Yoon Hwan,Kim, Il Kyu,Oh, Se-bong,Kim, Suhong,Kim, Byung-Woo 대한지질공학회 2017 지질공학 Vol.27 No.3
본 연구의 목적은 지표수-지하수 통합 모델을 통해 모델 영역과 시설농업단지(밀양들)의 지표수/지하수 유동을 모의하고 모델 영역의 물수지 분석을 통해 지하수 함양량을 산정하는 것이다. 지표수 유동 모델 결과에서는 밀양강 상류(북동쪽)에서 하류(남동쪽)로 약 1~5 m의 수심으로 지표수가 유동하고 있으며, 모델지역 상류의 M01 지점에서는 지표수 유량 관측값과 모델값이 일치하고, 모델지역 하류의 M02 지점에서의 지표수 유량은 1% 정도의 차이를 보인다. 지하수 유동 모델에서는 지하수 심도가 하천에서는 표고와 유사하며 산림 지역으로 갈수록 높아지고, 지하수 양수를 고려한 지하수 심도는 모델값이 관측값보다 1.5 m이내의 범위로 높게 나타난다. 지표수-지하수 통합모델에서는 지하수의 함양 면적이 모델 면적의 90% 정도이고, 지하수 함양량은 $1.92{\times}10^5m^3/day$인 것으로 나타난다. 연평균 물수지 분석에서는 단위 면적당 지하수 함양량이 503.9 mm/year로서 연평균 강우량의 39% 정도로 추정된다. The purpose of this study is to estimate the surface and subsurface flows through the modelling of the model area and facility agricultural complex, and to calculate the groundwater recharge rate through water budget analysis. From results of surface flow modeling, the surface water is flowed to a depth of about 1 to 5 meters from the upper region (northeast) to the lower region (southeast) of the Miryang River. At the M01 point (upper), the observed surface water flux and the model surface water flux are consistent. At the M02 points (lower), the observed surface water flux and the model surface water flux are a difference of 1%. From results of subsurface flow modeling, the depth of groundwater is similar to elevation in the river and higher to the forest area. Ground water depth considering groundwater pumping is that the model values appears higher than the observed values to be within 1.5 m. From results of surface-subsurface integrated modeling, the groundwater recharge area is estimated about 90% of the model area, and the groundwater recharge rate is estimated $1.92{\times}10^5m^3/day$. From results of annual water budget analysis, the groundwater recharge rate per unit area is estimated to be 503.9 mm/year, and average annual rainfall is estimated at around 39%.
서낙동강에서 생활환경기준을 적용한 수질등급 및 수질지수의 시·공간 변동 분석
박경덕,강동환,소윤환,김일규,Park, Kyeong-deok,Kang, Dong-hwan,So, Yoon Hwan,Kim, Il-kyu 한국환경과학회 2019 한국환경과학회지 Vol.28 No.12
In this study, water quality levels were classified and water quality indices were calculated and analysed by using the water quality components of living environmental standards monitored 10 years (2008 ~ 2017) at four stations in the West Nakdong River. As a result of analyzing the monthly variation of the water quality components of the living environmental standards, the water quality in the West Nakdong River was worse downstream than upstream, and pollution at the WNR3 located in the downstream of the Jomangang was the most serious. As a result of classification of water quality levels, BOD and COD levels were the lowest, so water quality pollution in the West Nakdong River was found to be highly influenced by organic matters. The water quality index was the lowest in July and August at four stations, so water quality is showing the worst in summer. As a result of analyzing the correlation between the water quality components and the water quality index, the correlation between the TOC and the water quality index was high in the four stations, and the water quality index in the West Nakdong River was dominated by organic matters and nutrients.
낙동강 주요 지류에서 생활환경 기준 수질 성분의 수질등급 및 회귀분석
강동환 ( Dong-hwan Kang ),소윤환 ( Yoon-hwan So ),박경덕 ( Kyeong-deok Park ),김일규 ( Il-kyu Kim ),김병우 ( Byung-woo Kim ) 한국환경과학회 2019 한국환경과학회지 Vol.28 No.3
In this study, the water quality components (pH, BOD, COD, TOC, SS, DO, TP) and the water quality, observed for 10 years (2008~2017) in the five tributaries of the Nakdong River with the highest flow rates, were analyzed. Monthly levels of the water quality components were estimated and regression functions were used to quantitatively explain the changes in the BOD and COD components, with respect to the TOC components. The results of analyzing the water quality levels in terms of the living environmental standards show that the lowest water quality was observed midstream (ST-3) and the highest water quality was observed upstream (ST-1 and ST-2). The regression function was estimated to be a linear function in all five tributaries, and the goodness of fit of the function was high upstream (ST-2), midstream (ST-3), and downstream (ST-4). According to the regression analysis using the observation data from 2008~2017, we found that the consumption of dissolved oxygen increased with an increase in organic matter in the major tributaries of the Nakdong River.
낙동강 본류에서 장기관측 자료를 이용한 DO, BOD, COD와 그 영향인자의 상관관계 및 TOC 분해율
강동환 ( Dong-hwan Kang ),소윤환 ( Yoon Hwan So ),박경덕 ( Kyeong-deok Park ),김일규 ( Il-kyu Kim ),김병우 ( Byung-woo Kim ) 한국환경과학회 2019 한국환경과학회지 Vol.28 No.5
Herein, we analyzed the spatial and temporal variation of DO (dissolved oxygen), BOD (biochemical oxygen demand), and COD (Chemical Oxygen Demand) with the monthly mean observed data for 10 years (2008~2017) in the main stream of the Nakdong River. The water quality of the stations declined in a downstream direction, with the BOD and COD showing their highest values at the ST5 station. From the analysis of the correlation of water quality components at 10 stations, the correlation coefficient between the DO and water temperature was more than -0.90, and that between BOD and Chl-a was 0.48~0.85, and that between COD and TOC was more than 0.65 except for the ST5 and ST10 stations. From the regression analysis using data collected from all stations, the water temperature and DO decreased linearly with a coefficient of determination of 0.90, and the Chl-a and BOD could be described by increasing power functions with a coefficient of determination of 0.83. The TOC and COD followed increasing logarithm functions with a coefficient of determination of 0.58. The TOC efficiency at the 10 stations was estimated and the average efficiencies of BOD and COD were 15.5~36.3% and 57.4~89.6%, respectively.
남강 하류부에서 장기관측 자료를 이용한 유기물과 생물학적/화학적 산소요구량의 월 변동 분석
강동환 ( Dong-hwan Kang ),소윤환 ( Yoon Hwan So ),박경덕 ( Kyeong-doek Park ),김일규 ( Il-kyu Kim ),김병우 ( Byung-woo Kim ) 한국환경과학회 2019 한국환경과학회지 Vol.28 No.6
In this study, monthly average values of BOD, COD, and TOC observed for 10 years (2008-2017) in the Nam River were estimated, and monthly variations of BOD, COD, and TOC were analyzed. Monthly average COD was always higher than monthly average BOD; monthly average TOC was high from June to September when rainfall was high. Monthly correlation coefficients between BOD and COD ranged from 0.57 to 0.94, those between BOD and TOC from 0.45 to 0.93, and those between COD and TOC from 0.75 to 0.93. The correlation coefficients were high from November to February when rainfall was low. Regression analyses for monthly average water quality data of the Nam River classified into dry season (October to April) and wet season (May to September) were conducted. Correlation coefficients were higher in the dry season than those in the wet season, and the determination coefficients of linear regression functions for BOD and COD with TOC were also higher in the dry season than those in the wet season. From this study, it can be concluded that it is appropriate to use monthly data to analyze the correlations among BOD, COD, and TOC in the stream. To analyze the relationship between TOC flowing into the stream and BOD/COD, it was found that seasonal characteristics should be considered.
잔디밭에서 지온에 대한 이산화탄소 플럭스의 민감도(Q<sub>10</sub>) 분석
강동환 ( Dong-hwan Kang ),소윤환 ( Yoon Hwan So ),권병혁 ( Byung Hyuk Kwon ),김박사 ( Park Sa Kim ) 한국환경과학회 2019 한국환경과학회지 Vol.28 No.9
In order to analyze the sensitivity of carbon dioxide flux by soil temperature in the grassplot, carbon dioxide flux and soil temperature were observed 24 times from March, 2010 to March, 2011 at nine sites in the grassplot. The average of CO<sub>2</sub> in the grassplot is 2.2~36.7℃, the highest in August, the lowest in January, and the average of carbon dioxide flux is 12~1479 mgCO<sub>2</sub>·m<sup>-2</sup>·hr<sup>-1</sup>, and the carbon dioxide emission from the grassplot to the atmosphere was 10 times higher in summer than in winter. The temperature response coefficient estimated by the exponential function of carbon dioxide flux according to soil temperature was ranged from 0.1065 to 0.1274, and the increase tendency of CO<sub>2</sub> flux with soil temperature was linear at 0~2 0℃and exponential at 20~40℃. The Q<sub>10</sub> values for each of nine observation sites on the grassplot was in the range of 2.901 ~ 3.575, and the Q<sub>10</sub> value using the total data observed in the lawn was estimated to be 3.374. In the homogeneous grassplot area, the average of Q<sub>10</sub> values by observation point and the Q<sub>10</sub> value by the total data were estimated similarly.
박경덕,강동환,조원기,소윤환,김병우,Park, Kyeong-deok,Kang, Dong-hwan,Jo, Won Gi,So, Yoon Hwan,Kim, Byung-Woo 한국환경과학회 2022 한국환경과학회지 Vol.31 No.9
In this study, sediment cores were sampled from tidal flats (six sites) in the west and south coastal wetlands, the blue carbon stock in the tidal flat sediments was calculated, and the blue carbon stock characteristics and influencing factors were analyzed. The sediment particle size of the west coastal tidal flats was larger than that of the south coastal tidal flats, and the organic carbon content in the south coastal tidal flats was more than twice that of the west coastal tidal flats. Blue carbon stock per unit area was 28.4~36.8 Mg/ha on the west coastal tidal flats and 69.8~89.8 Mg/ha on the south coastal tidal flats, which was more than twice higher in the south coastal tidal flats than in the west coastal tidal flats. The total amount of blue carbon stock in the tidal flats was the highest in Suncheon Bay tidal flats at 153,626 Mg, and followed by Gomso Bay tidal flats at 141,750 Mg, Hampyeong Bay tidal flats at 58,420 Mg, Dongdae Bay tidal flats at 44,900 Mg, Cheonsu Bay tidal flats at 36,880 Mg, and Jinhae Bay tidal flats at 26,205 Mg. Blue carbon stock per unit area was higher in the south coastal tidal flats, but the total amount of blue carbon stock in the tidal flats was higher in the west coast. The slope of the regression function of blue carbon stock with respect to the organic carbon content in the tidal flat sediments was estimated to be about 0.05 to 0.07, and the slope of the regression function was higher in the west coastal tidal flats than in the south coastal tidal flats.