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Isotretinoin 투여로 인한 口蓋裂 發生過程에 관한 實驗的 硏究
成豪,全容赫 고려대학교 의과대학 1987 고려대 의대 잡지 Vol.24 No.1
Isotretinoin (retinoic acid-13 cis,®Accutane), an analog of vitamin A and prescribed for severe recalcitrant cystic acne, has recently proved to be a horrible teratogen in human inducing congenital malformation in organs chiefly derived from ectomesenchyme. The status and morphology of the palatal shelves with changes of carbohydrate containing cell surface macromolecules during the process of isotretinoin-induced cleft palate in DDY mice, following administration of single oral dose of 150㎎/㎏ of isotretinoin (RO4-3780, Hoffmann LaRoche), were investigated. The compound caused fetal death around 24 hours after treatment and produced cleft palate at about 43% of live fetuses and the drug delayed the palatogenetic movement/process especially that of shelf elevation with temporal inhibition of increment of palatal mesenchymal cell density that occurs as a normal process from just prior to shelf elevation till fusion. In addition, the drug prevented shelf medial epithelia from their degenerative change which is one of normal developmental phenomena as selective cell death but did not have much influence on PAS and PAPS reaction both in epithelia and mesenchyme. With the results it seems that isotretinoin-induced cleft palate results from a combination of suppressive effects of the compound on proliferation of palatal mesenchymal cells with consequent delay in palatogenetic movement and inhibitory of effects on epithelial selective ceil death with consequent interference of shelf fusion.
성호만(Sung, Homan),유원호(Yoo, Isaiah WonHo) 한국응용언어학회 2013 응용 언어학 Vol.29 No.1
In order to find out how well informed Korean middle school students are about English punctuation marks, this study analyzed a learner corpus consisting of compositions written by 99 Korean 7th grade students. 104 students were also given a test about comma uses, the results of which were compared with those from the corpus analysis. The main findings of the study can be summarized as follows. First, most of the students lacked the ability to compose grammatically correct sentences as only 1.7% of the sentences in the corpus were grammatical. Second, of the 1,536 tokens of punctuation marks needed to be used in the corpus, only 151 (9.7%) were used correctly, and about 98% of the errors were instances of omission. Third, of the 465 tokens of the comma needed in the corpus, 93 (20.0%) were used correctly, and about 99% of the errors were also instances of omission. Finally, the rate of errors were still over 54% when students were asked to provide necessary commas on a test. All these findings amount to the conclusion that Korean learners of English in 7th grade lack most of the grammatical knowledge to use punctuation marks appropriately.