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고효율 혐기성반응조 및 호기성여상 조합시스템에 의한 질소ㆍ유기물 동시 제거
장덕,성문성,서성칠,정보림 대한상하수도학회 1999 상하수도학회지 Vol.13 No.2
AF(anaerobic filter)/BAF(biological aerated filter) system and UASB(upflow anaer-obic sludge blanket)/BAF system, of which system effluents were recirculated to the anaerobic reactors in each system, were operated in order to investigate the perfor-mance in simultaneous removal of organics and nitrogen in high-strength dairy wastewater. Advanced anaerobic treatment processes of AF and UASB were evaluat-ed on applicability as pre-denitrification reactors. and BAF was also evaluated on the performance in oxidizing the remaining organics and ammonia nitrogen. At system HRTs of 4.0 to 4.5 days and recirculation ratios of one to three, the AF/BAF system could achieve more than 99% of organics removals and 64 to 78 of total nitrogen removals depending upon the recirculation ratio. Although the UASB/BAF system also showed more than 99% of organics removals, total nitrogen removals in the UASB/BAF system were 53 to 66% which are lower than those in the AF/BAF system at the corresponding recirculation ratios. Optimum recirculation ratios considering simultaneous removal of organics and nitrogen and cost-effective-ness, were in the range of two to three. The upflow AF packed with crossflow module media. as a primary treatment of the anaerobic reactor/BAF system, showed better performances in denitrification, SS removals, and gas production than the UASB. Higher loading rate of suspended solids from the UASB increased the backwashing times in the following BAF. Especially, at a recirculation ratio of three in the UASB/BAF system, the increase in head loss due to clogging in the BAF caused fre-quent backwashing, at least once a day. The BAF showed the high nitrification effi-ciency of average 99.2% and organics removals more than 90% at organics loading rate less than 1.4kgCOD/㎥/d and COD/NH3-N ratio less than 6.4. It was proved that the simplified anaerobic reactor/BAF system could maximize the organics removal and achieve high nitrogen removal efficicncies through recircu-lation of system effluents to the anacrobic reactor. The AF/BAF system can, especial-ly, be a cost effective and competitive alternative for the simultaneous removal of organics and nitrogen from wastewaters.
생물학적 영양염류제거 하수처리장의 설계 및 운전 최적화를 위한 지식기반 전문가시스템
장덕,신영진,성문성 대한상하수도학회 2003 상하수도학회지 Vol.17 No.3
As there are many difficulties in the optimal design and operation of municipal wastewater treatment plant for biological nutrient removal (BNR) due to complexity of diversified influential factors and its associated requirements of extensive professional knowledge and experience, introduction of an artificial intellectual expert system to the domain of BNR was believed to be useful for problem-solving and decision-making in the design and operation of BNR processes. Research on embodiment of an integrated knowledge based expert system was carried out to provide optimized BNR expertise to process designers and operators by simulating the problem-solving methodology of the domain experts. An original powerful logical model designated as Domain Definition Box Diagram, which can clarify the problem domain of BNR simplifying and systematizing complex process parameters, was devised for structural analysis of the problem domain, and used in data mining for scenario analysis and extraction of cellularized unit boxed and blocked knowledges. A problem-solving strategy named Strategic Scenario Analysis was also designed in order to establish and analyze classified object-oriented scenarios for potential problems in the BNR processes. A number of structured elements comprising the strategic scenarios were systematically classified and relatively evaluated using Factor Matrix devised in this study. These originally designed methods ensured systematicness, standardization, accuracy, easiness, expandability, and quickness indispensable to the successful construction of BNR knowledge base and its inference rules. A hybrid knowledge base for a typical basic BNR process, A^2/O process, was able to be constructed using an expert system development tool of Blaze Expert based on the strategic scenario and its constituent unit knowledges represented as standardized objects and rules. Through the case verification process employing the integrated BNR expert system comprised of knowledge base, inference engine, graphic user interface and database, it was confirmed that the expert system could provide satisfactory logically inferred expertise, professional diagnostic advice or countermeasures, and speedy search for related information while enhancing user friendly and system efficiency.
중소규모 하수처리장의 탈질$\cdot$탈인 PICD 시스템 실용화기술개발
한상배,노명규,정보림,장덕,서성철,홍기호,성문성 한국환경기술인연합회 2000 환경기술인 Vol.172 No.-
G-7 환경기술연구개발 3단계사업의 일환으로 `98년도부터 (주)그린기술산업과 건국대학교에서 연구 수행중인 PICD(Phased Isolation Intra Clarifier Ditch)시스템은 중소규모 하수처리장의 유입부하변동에 대해 안정적이고, 신축적인 운전이 가능한 탈질$\cdot$탈인 공정이다. 국내는 물론 미국 및 중국 특허를 획득한 본 시스템은 기존의 내부순환포함 다단 완전혼합형 영양염류제거공정과는 달리 침전지를 산화구에