Phytate Determination in Various Cultivars of Korean Rice

Mee Ree Kim,Long Shuang Huang,석대은,Hyoung Chin Kim,Won Kee Yoon,Hwan Mook Kim 한국식품영양과학회 2006 Preventive Nutrition and Food Science Vol.11 No.2

To determine the amount of phytate in rice grains from various cultivars, two methods were employed and compared in respect of the accuracy and conveniency. Phytate in rice samples was extracted with HCl, and then the extracts were subjected to an anion-exchange column. Finally, the phytate in eluate was quantitated using two methods: one method is based on the complex formation between ferric ion and sulfosalicylic acid in the presence of phytate, and the other is the prior acid digestion of phytate sample, followed by the colorimetric determination of liberated phosphorus. Although two methods showed similar values of phytate in rice samples, the former method is simpler and more precise than the latter. Moreover, the former is more reliable for the samples with lower phytate levels. Especially, the dilution condition of rice sample before anion exchange column separation was important for the recovery of phytate in rice samples. Based on the former method, the amount of phytate in rice of various cultivars was estimated to range from 7.3 mg/g to 12.4 mg/g rice. This method would be useful for the determination of phytate in crop samples with a lower level of phytate, one of anti-nutrients in some agricultural plants. .

선택이온 측정법에 의한 십자화과 채소중의 Sulforahane 함량

김미리(Mee Ree Kim),이근종(Kun Jong Lee),김진희(Jin Hee Kim),석대은(Dai-Eun Sok) 한국식품과학회 1997 한국식품과학회지 Vol.29 No.5

케일 및 브로콜리잎즙의 함황 향기성분, 일반성분, 무기질, Vitamin C 함량 및 관능적 특성

김미리(Mee-Ree Kim),김진희(Jin-Hee Kim),위대성(Dae-Sung Wi),나종현(Jong-Hyeon Na),석대은(Dai-Eun Sok) 한국식품영양과학회 1999 한국식품영양과학회지 Vol.28 No.6

To utilize the leaves of broccoli, the shape of which was similar with that of kale leaves, as a vegetable juice, the extracts from two types of vegetable leaves were subjected to the analyses of proximate components, volatile sulfur compounds, vitamin C and minerals. The sensory evaluation of the juices, prepared from kale and broccoli leaves, were performed by duo-trio test and scoring test. Among eight varieties of broccoli, four varieties('Pilgrim', 'Greenbelt', 'Salinas' and 'Shasta')were not significantly different from kale(p<0.05), based on the duo-trio sensory test. Sulfur and nitrogen compounds present in the dichloromethane extracts of kale and broccoli leaves 'Pilgrim' were identified as 3-butenyl, allyl, butyl and 4-methylsulfinylbutyl isothiocyanate(sulforaphane), 4,5-epithiovalero, 4,5-epithio-3-hydroxyvalero, benzenepropane, 3-hydroxy-4-propene, 4-methylthio butane, 3-hydroxy-3-phenylpropane, 5-methyIsulfinylpentane, 4-methoxyphenyl-3-hydroxypropane nitrile and dimethyl trisulfide by GC/MSD analysis. Proximate components were observed to be relatively similar between kale and broccoli leaves. Vitamin C and sugar content were higher in broccoli leaves(125~180㎎% and 8~12˚Brix) than in kale(101㎎% and 7˚Brix). In mineral analysis by AA and ICP-Mass, 'Pilgrim' showed a higher content of K, Fe, Mn, Zn and Se. In separate experiment, sensory scores of bitter taste and astringent taste were lower and scores of over-all taste and over-all acceptability, higher in broccoli ('1243') juice than those in kale juice.

Inhibition of Lipoxygenase Activity by the Extract of Various Processed Garlic - Inhibitory Effect of Garlic Extracts on Soybean Lipoxygenase Activity -

김미리(Mee-Ree Kim),모은경(Eun-Kyung Mo),김성희(Seong-Hee Kim),석대은(Dai-Eun Sok) 한국식품영양과학회 1993 한국식품영양과학회지 Vol.22 No.3

동물체내에서 천식, 염증, 혈소판 응고 등에 관련된 매개체를 생성시키는 효소인 lipoxygenase 작용기전과 유사한 대두 lipoxygenase (Type Ⅳ)를 사용하여 생마늘의 수용액, 에탄올, 클로로포름 추출 분획에 의한 lipoxygenase 저해 정도를 측정하였다. 효소를 클로로포름 추출 분획과 10분 preincubation시킨 후의 효소 저해 양상은 비가역적 저해(I_(50)값, 55㎎/ml)이었으며, 수용액 추출 분획의 경우는 주로 가역적 저해 양상(I_(50)값, 65㎎/ml)을 나타내었다. 한편, diallyldisulfide와 dimethyldisulfide의 I_(50)값은 각각 1.3mM, 18mM 이었으며 이들은 가역적, 비가역적 저해 현상을 모두 나타내었다. 합성품 alliin은 비교적 높은 농도(10mM 농도에서 22% 저해)에서 저해하였으며, alliin의 분해산물은 비가역적 저해 양상을 나타낸 반면에, S-ethylcysteine sulfoxide는 효소를 거의 저해하지 않았다. 따라서 다진 마늘 속에는 가역적 저해제가 주로 함유되어 있고, 소량(25~30%)의 비가역적 저해제가 함유되어 있는 것으로 사료되었다. The bioactivity of garlic extract was evaluated, based on the inhibition of soybean lipoxygenase. While the inhibition of lipoxygenase by the chloroform extract(I_(50) value after 10min preincubation, 55㎎/ml) of garlic homogenate shows the property as irreversible inhibitors, the aqueous extract(I_(50) value, 65㎎/ml) appeared to contain mainly reversible inhibitors. In the related study, diallyldislufide and dimethyldisulfide inhibited the enzyme with I_(50) value of 1.3mM and 18mM, respectively. These disulfides demonstrated both irreversible and reversible patterns of inhibition. In addition, synthetic alliin(allylcysteine sulfoxide) was found to inhibit the enzyme at high concentration (approximately 22% at 10mM), and its decomposition products showed the irreversible property in the inhibition, in contrast to S-ethyl cysteine sulfoxide which expressed no significant inhibition. Thus, it is suggested that the garlic macerate contains both irreversible and reversible sulfur inhibitors.

콩의 폴리페놀, 피테이트 함량과 항산화능과의 관계

김미정(Mee Jeong Kim),송영주(YoungJu Song),김혜란(HyeRan Kim),이석룡(Seok Ryong Lee),석대은(Dai-Eun Sok),김세나(Sena Kim),김미리(Mee Ree Kim) 동아시아식생활학회 2009 동아시아식생활학회지 Vol.19 No.6

브로콜리 용매추출물의 Bioactive Organosulfur 화합물의 분리 및 동정

석대은(Dai-Eun Sok),김진희(Jin Hee Kim),김미리(Mee Ree Kim) 한국식품영양과학회 2003 한국식품영양과학회지 Vol.32 No.3

브로콜리 중의 bioactive organosulfur phytochemicals를 분석하기 위해 브로콜리를 용매추출하여 GC/MSD에 의해 분리동정하였다. 브로콜리에 함유된 phytochemicals 중에서 isothiocyanate류가 40.42%로 대부분을 차지하였으며, glucosinolate 분해산물인 nitrile류는 5.12%로 isothiocyanate류에 비해 적었고, sulfide류는 0.84%로 매우 적었다. 분리 동정된 isothiocyanate류의 종류로는 3-butenyl, 4-methylthiobutyl, 4-methylthio-3-butenyl, 5-methylthiopentyl, 2-phenylethyl, 3-methylsulfinyl propyl 및 4-methylsulfinylbutyl isothiocyanate의 7종이었다. Isothiocyanate류 중에서 3-butenyl isothiocynate는 22.05%로 가장 많았으며, 그 다음으로 sulforaphane 16.50%로 2종의 isothiocyanate가 대부분을 차지하였다. Nitrile의 종류는 4-methylthiobutyl, 5-methylthiopentyl, 2-phenylethyl 및 4-methylsulfinylbutyl nitrile의 6종류가 확인되었다. 한편, 동정된 sulfide 종류로는 dimethyl disulfide, dimethyl trisulfide 및 dimethyl tetrasulfide이었다. Bioactive organosulfur phytochemicals were isolated from fresh broccoli using methlylene chloride as an extract solvent, and identified by GC/MSD analyses. Major organosulfur phytochemicals of broccoli extract were found to be isothiocyanates, which constitute 40.42% of total phytochemicals. The isothiocyanates from broccoli extract were identified to be 3-butenyl, 4-methyl thiobutyl, 4-methylthio-3-butenyl, 5-methylthiopentyl, 2-phenylethyl, 3-methyl sulfinyl propyl, and 4-methylsulfinylbutyl isothiocyanates, of which major isothio-cyanates were 3-butenyl isothiocyanate and 4-methylsulfinylbutyl isothiocyanate, constituting about 38.55% of total isothiocyanates present in the solvent extract. Also, nitriles, corresponding to products from enzymatic hydrolysis of glucosinolates were identified as 4-methylthiobutyl, 5-methyl thiopentyl, 2-phenylethyl and 4-methylsulfinylbutyl nitrile. In addition, three sulfides were identified as dimethyl disulfide, dimethyl trisulfide and dimethyl tetrasulfide.

Correlation between Pungency and Allicin Content of Pickled Garlic during Aging

김미리(Mee-Ree Kim),윤준화(Jun-Hwa Yun),석대은(Dai-Eun Sok) 한국식품영양과학회 1994 한국식품영양과학회지 Vol.23 No.5

마늘장아찌 숙성 중 매운맛과 allicin량과의 상관관계를 살펴보았다. 마늘장아찌의 매운맛과 10명의 관능검사 요원이 7점 만점의 scoring test에 의해 장아찌를 담근 직 후 부터 60일 까지 숙성시키는 동안 10일 간격의 시료에 대해 관능검사를 실시하였다. 관능검사 결과, 숙성 중 마늘장아찌의 매운맛은 서서히 감소하여 40일째에 3.07점이었다. 마늘 homogenate의 주 매운성분인 allicin량은 HPLC에 의해 분석하였으며, 마늘 장아찌가 숙성되는 동안 allicin량이 감소하여, 숙성 40일에는 생마늘에 비해 5.9%로 감소되었다. 관능검사 결과의 매운맛 점수와 allicin량과는 양의 상관관계를 나타내었다 (r=0.9648) Relationship between pungency and allicin content of pickled garlic during aging was examined. Degree of pungency of pickled garlic during aging at 20℃ was determined by the sensory evaluation. A panel of 10 members evaluated seven samples of pickled garlic which were aged for 0, 10, 20, 30, 40, 50 or 60 days by using scoring test (seven point scale). The sensory evaluation results showed that pungency of pickled garlic decreased gradually during aging, and scored at 3.07 on the 40th day of aging. Content of allicin, which was a major pungent component of garlic homogenate, was quantitatively analyzed by HPLC. The level of allicin in homogenate of pickled garlic was found to decrease gradually, and to 5.9% on the 40th day of aging compared with that of fresh garlic. Relationship between the pungency score results and the content of allicin demonstrated a highly positive correlation (r=0.9648).

대두 리폭시게나제 효소와 아라키돈산의 반응중 자기불활성화의 요인에 관련된 중간체 생성물

김미리,석대은 ( Mee Ree Kim,Dai Eun Sok ) 생화학분자생물학회 1990 BMB Reports Vol.23 No.4

Gradual decrease of soybean lipoxygenase activity was observed during the prior incubation with arachidonic acid, while preincubation with linoleic acid or 11,14,17-eicosatrienoic acid had no effect on lipoxygenase activity. Among the lipoxygenation products of arachidonic acid, only 15(S)-hydroperoxy eicosatetraenoic acid (15(S)-HPETE) inhibited lipoxygenase in a time-dependent manner. Either further oxygenation products of 15(S)-HPETE or non-enzymatic decomposition products of 15(S)-HPETE had no significant inhibitory effect. The observations that the inhibitory effect of 15(S)-HPETE was transient, and not affected by hydroxy radical scavangers support the assumption that the unstable lipid intermediates produced from further conversion of 15(S)-HPETE may be responsible for the irreversible inhibition of lipoxygenase. In support of the above assumption, 13(S)-hydroperoxy-6, 9, 11-octadecatrienoic acid, which can be further lipoxygenated was also found to inactivate lipoxygenase effectively. However, 13(S)-hydroperoxy-9,11-octadecadienoic acid or 13(S)-hydroperoxy-9,11,15-octadecatrienoic acid was not effective.

석류 껍질 추출물이 고지방 고콜레스레롤 식이 급여 C57BL/6J 마우스의 항산화 지표 및 DNA 보호에 미치는 영향

오상희,양윤형,석대은,김미리,Oh Sang-Hee,Yang Yun-Hyoung,Sok Dai-Eun,Kim Mee-Ree 동아시아식생활학회 2006 동아시아식생활학회지 Vol.16 No.4

The present study evaluated the effects of pomegranate peel (Granati pericarpium) extract on the lipid profiles and antioxidant biomarkers in mice fed a high fat and cholesterol diet: the measured biomarkers included the TBARS value, GPx, GR, SOD and GST activities. Body fat depositions were significantly decreased in the group that received pomegranate peel. In addition, the activities of GPx, GST and SOD were significantly higher in the liver and plasma of the pomegranate peel group than in the control group. Also, the pomegranate peel diet decreased lipid peroxidation of the liver and kidney. Alkaline single-cell gel electrophoresis (comet assay) showed that the DNA damage in the plasma of the pomegranate peel group was decreased compared to that of control. The present results show that a diet with added pomegranate peel exerts protective effects against oxidative DNA damage and lipid peroxidation possibly via effects on the free radical levels in mice fed a high fat and cholesterol diet.

국내산 및 제초제 내성 콩의 단백질 조성 분석

위춘화(Chun Hua Wei),석대은(Dai?Eun Sok),양윤형(Yun?Hyoung Yang),오상희(Sang Hee Oh),김형진(Hyoung Chin Kim),윤원기(Won Kee Yoon),김환묵(Hwan Mook Kim),김미리(Mee Ree Kim) 한국식품영양과학회 2006 한국식품영양과학회지 Vol.35 No.4

국내산 콩 품종 3종과 미국산 콩 2종(non-GMO 및 GMO glyphosate-tolerant HS2906)에 대하여 단백질함량과 분포의 차이를 아미노산 분석, 총 질소량, PAGE/densitometry법에 의해 분석하였다. 아미노산 구성과 총 질소량에서 품종간 유의적인 차이는 없었다. 한편 단백질 추출에서 SDS/buffer 추출법이 더 효과적이었다. 총 단백질함량(380.2~423.9 ㎎/g)과 단백질 분포는 품종간 유사하였으나, 상세 PAGE(12.5% normal gel) 결과 재래종 콩(WS82)에 비해 제초제 저항성 GMO콩(HS2906)에서 beta conglycinin(55 kDa) 양이 낮게 나타났으며, 25 kDa 단백질의 경우 미국산 콩에서는 관찰되지 못한 반면에 국내산 콩 품종에서는 뚜렷하게 관찰되었으며, β-conglycinin은 미국산 제초제 저항성 GMO콩과 국내산 황금콩에서 상대적으로 낮은 것으로 관찰되었다. 이와같은 결과는 normal PAGE/densitometry 분석법은 콩시료 분석에 유용하게 활용될 수 있음을 보여주었다. In order to elucidate the differences of protein profiles among soybean cultivars, the protein composition of three conventional domestic soybean cultivars and two imported ones including glyphosate-tolerant HS2906 was analyzed by total nitrogen measurement, amino acid analysis and PAGE/densitometry. There were no statistically significant differences in the levels of any amino acid, including aromatic amino acids, between glyphosate-tolerant soybean and the conventional soybean WS82. In the extraction of protein, the SDS/buffer system was more efficient than the defatting/water system. The SDS-PAGE/densitometry analysis showed that there was a similar profile of proteins among cultivars, although the amount of total protein ranged from 380.2 ㎎/g to 423.9 ㎎/g. In addition, there was no discernable difference of protein profile between glyphosate-tolerant soybean (total protein amount, 380.2 ㎎/g) and the conventional soybean WS82 (390.2 ㎎/g), although the amount of β-conglycinin (55 kDa) was lower in glyphosate-tolerant soybean. Meanwhile, the amount of 25 kDa protein was greater in domestic soybean cultivars than imported ones. Thus, normal PAGE/densitometry method would be useful to analyze the difference in protein profiles of soybean proteins, and furthermore evaluate the protein profile of proteins between GMO and conventional soybean.