솔더 페이스트를 이용한 스크린 프린팅 공정 해석

서원상,민병욱,김종호,이낙규,김종봉,Seo, Won-Sang,Min, Byung-Wook,Kim, Jong-Ho,Lee, Nak-Kyu,Kim, Jong-Bong 한국마이크로전자및패키징학회 2010 마이크로전자 및 패키징학회지 Vol.17 No.1

In this study, analyses on the stencil printing using solder paste were carried out. The key design parameters in the stencil printing process are printing conditions, stencil design, and solder paste properties. Among these parameters, the effects of physical properties of solder paste such as viscosity, surface tension, and contact angle on the stencil printing process were investigated. The analyses were performed for simple geometry and boundary conditions. In the analysis, solder paste was pushed into a stencil hole by pressure instead of printer pad. Considering the geometry and computational efficiency, axisymmetric analyses were adopted. A commercial software (COMSOL), which is well known in the area of micro-fluids analysis, was used. From the results, it was shown that viscosity of solder paste had an effect on the filling speed, while surface tension and contact angle had an effect on the filling shape. 본 연구에서는 솔더 페이스트를 이용한 프린팅 공정의 해석에 대해 연구를 수행하였다. 스텐실 프린팅 공정의 설계에서 중요한 인자는 프린팅 조건, 스텐실 설계, 그리고 솔더 페이스트의 물성 등이다. 본 연구에서는 이 인자들 중에서, 솔더 페이스트의 점도와 표면장력, 그리고 솔더 페이스트와 스텐실 사이의 접촉각이 프린팅 공정의 성능에 미치는 영향을 해석을 통해 파악하였다. 실제 해석에 앞서 압력에 의해서 솔더 페이스트가 스텐실에 채워지는 단순화된 형상과 조건으로 해석을 수행하였다. 해석은 마이크로 유동의 해석에 많이 이용이 되고 있는 상용 소프트웨어인 콤솔(COMSOL)을 이용하였고 축대칭으로 해석하였다. 해석 결과, 솔더 페이스트의 점도는 충진률에 큰 영향을 줌을 알 수 있었고 표면장력과 접촉각은 충진되는 형상에 영향을 줌을 알 수 있었다.

조선 초기 국제관계법제에 관한 연구

서원상(Seo, Won-Sang) 국제법평론회 2009 국제법평론 Vol.0 No.29

International law is created and developed by west European states and the Powers. The Powers, as aggressors in history, compelled other states of the world to accept their international law. But I am anxious to know whether it has been international legal system of derived from the customs and traditions of East Asia, Joseon dynasty included. To discover vestiges of international law in Joseon dynasty and East Asia, this article focuses on following topics. The first is a concept of modern international law and sovereignty established by the Peace of Westphalia. The second is international practices and laws of Europe in 15-16C when modern international law system did not exist. The Third is international practices and laws of East Asia and Joseon dynasty in 15-16C. Finally, this article compares international law of East Asia with Europe. International law is based on equality of sovereign states. East Asian ‘Toadyism’ means non-equable relation among states. Therefore, a great number of scholar indefinite traditional law of nations in East Asia. But we need to reconsider conception of Toadyism. Toadyism was a Confucian culture and philosophy widespread in East Asia. Joseon dynasty was a Confucian state, and selected Toadyism by a sovereign decision. So relations of East Asian states are relations of sovereign states. Joseon dynasty had many international laws and practices such as sovereignty, recognition of state or government, tariff, international trade system, ambassador, territory, etc.

유한요소해석을 이용한 디스크 커플링의 토크전달 능력에 대한 연구

서원상(Won Sang Seo),김성묵(Sung Muk Kim),김종봉(Jong-Bong Kim) Korean Society for Precision Engineering 2013 한국정밀공학회지 Vol.30 No.11

기후변화에 대한 역사적 책임

서원상(Seo, Won Sang) 전북대학교 법학연구소 2012 法學硏究 Vol.37 No.-

역사적 책임은 현재의 기후변화가 산업화 과정에서 이루어진 개발행위 및 환경오염행위로부터 기인한 것이며, 산업화의 수혜자이자 과거 환경오염의 주체인 선진국이 환경오염에 대한 역사적 책임을 부담하여야 한다는 것을 의미한다. 이 개념은 선진국에게만 온실가스감축의무를 부여하고, 개도국에 대한 기술이전과 재정지원을 의무화하는 타당근거로 기능하였다. 그러나 포스트-교토 협상과정에서 부속서Ⅰ 국가들의 탈퇴, 비준거부, 의무감축 거부의 원인이 되기도 하였다. 과거에 환경오염행위를 금지하는 법규범이 없었기 때문에, 역사적 책임에 근거한 차별적 의무부여를 불법행위책임의 법리로 귀속시킬 수는 없다. 따라서 역사적 책임이 일부 국가에게만 법적 의무를 부과하는 방식으로 적용되는 것은 옳지 않다. 그러나 오염자부담원칙으로서 역사적 책임을 이해한다면, 기후변화의 사후 대응 및 사전 예방에 필요한 비용의 배분에 있어 역사적 책임을 기준으로 선진국과 개도국에게 차별적으로 의무감축량, 재원조성의 규모, 기술 개발 및 이전 의무의 배분을 논의할 수 있다. 또한 역사적 책임은 세대간 형평의 기초 위에 세대내 형평을 추구하는 것으로서, 선진국과 개도국 간의 의무 차별화의 명분을 제공해 준다. 도하 당사국총회는 2020년부터 선진국과 개도국 모두 의무감축을 수락하는 새로운 기후변화체제의 출범을 목표로, 구체적인 협상을 2015년까지 마무리하기로 결정하였다. 새로운 체제의 출범을 위해서는 역사적 책임의 개념을 통하여 당사국의 감축 및 비용부담의 의무를 형평에 맞게 분배할 수 있어야 할 것이다. Developing countries emphasized that developed countries have historical responsibility to climate change. UNFCCC and Kyoto Protocol accepted different obligation of reduction GHG between AnnexⅠ States and non-AnnexⅠ States. In the COP 18, Parties have decided that the length of the second commitment period will be 8 years from 2013, and agreed to speedily work toward a universal climate change agreement covering all countries from 2020. However, some industrialized AnnexⅠ States such as China, India and Brazil have denied because of historical responsibility of developed countries. Some non-AnnexⅠ States such as USA, Canada, Japan, and Russia have denied their compulsory reduction emission because of developing countries’ denial of their obligation. We must review concept of historical responsibility in order to agree new climate change scheme covering all countries. Historical responsibility is not ‘state responsibility’ in public international law because countries had no legal binding obligation to protect environment in the past. We can understand concept of historical responsibility as polluter pays principle. Polluter Pays principle is not legal principle to decide responsibility or liability of stats but economical-political principle to distribute costs for recovery of polluted environment. Historical responsibility include concept of equity as inter-generational and intra-generational equity. We are not supposed to understand historical responsibility as the ground for exemption of developing countries’ obligation. But we can use historical responsibility as the basis for differentiation of each country’s duties according to their historical contribution to climate change, capability of finance and technology.

저장매체용 스크류의 냉간 헤딩 공정 설계에 대한 연구

서원상(W. S. Seo),민병욱(B. W. Min),박근(K. Park),나승우(S. W. Ra),이상훈(S. H. Lee),김종호(J. H. Kim),김종봉(J. B. Kim) 한국소성·가공학회 2011 소성가공 : 한국소성가공학회지 Vol.20 No.1

국제법상 '환경난민'에 대한 인권 기반적 접근

서원상(Seo Won Sang),이준서(토론자) 강원대학교 비교법학연구소 2009 환경법과 정책 Vol.3 No.-

Environmental refugees are persons who can no longer gain a secure livelihood in their traditional homelands because of what are primarily environmental factors of unusual scope. Environmental refugees have three types such as ‘environmental refugees caused by their country’, ‘environmental refugees caused by foreign country’, and ‘climate refugees’. The first question is whether international refugee law can protect ‘environmental refugees caused by their country’ or not. The definition of refugee set at 1951 Convention Relating to the Status of Refugees(hereinafter Refugee Convention) request three composing elements such as ‘persecution’, ‘to conform to one of five reasons of persecution’ and ‘persons being outside the country of his nationality or his former habitual residence’. Unfortunately, environmental refugees can not fill the first and second elements of Refugee Convention's definition. Another legal solution for environmental refugees is the ‘Human Rights Based Approach’. A human rights-based approach is not only about expanding people’s choices and capabilities but above all about the empowerment of people to decide what this process of expansion should look like. Adopting a human rights based approach may not necessarily change what we do, but it will raise questions about how we do it. As we con-sider and adopt a human rights based approach to environmental refugees, it is possible to focus on their human rights disturbed and remedy to them as a victim. A principle of ‘Common but Differentiated Responsibility’(hereinafter CDR) is necessary to solve problem of ‘Climate Refugees’. It has no legal subject responsible to cause the problem. differential responsibility of CDR does result in different legal obligations which is acceptable to each states, and request international material cooperation.

스텐실 프린팅 공정에서 미세범프의 성형성 향상을 위한 연구

서원상(W. S. Seo),민병욱(B. W. Min),박근(K. Park),이혜진(H. J. Lee),김종봉(J.-B. Kim) 한국생산제조학회 2012 한국생산제조학회지 Vol.21 No.1

국제환경법상 차별적 공동책임

서원상(Seo Won Sang) 국제법평론회 2006 국제법평론 Vol.0 No.24

차별적 공동책임의 원칙은 지구환경보호에 대한 모든 국가의 참여를 촉구하되, 그들의 책임에 있어서는 역사적 책임, 기술 능력, 미래의 환경적 필요 및 모든 국가의 개발에 대한 필요 등을 고려하여 차별성을 인정하자는 것이다. 다시말해서 지구환경문제에 대한 선진국과 개발도상국간의 역사적 책임의 차이와 환경문제를 다룰 수 있는 경제적ㆍ기술적 능력의 차이를 인정하고, 국제환경법 규범의 발전과 적용 및 해석에 있어서 개발도상국들의 특별한 요구가 반드시 고려되어야 한다는 것이다. 차별적 공동책임 원칙은 내용상 두 가지 요소를 담고 있다. 하나는 국내적ㆍ지역적ㆍ세계적 환경보호는 지구상 모든 국가들의 공동책임이고, 또 하나는 각국의 특별한 환경문제의 해결에 직면하였을 경우에 경제적ㆍ사회적ㆍ기타 정황의 차이와 특히 환경위협의 방지ㆍ제거ㆍ통제 등에 관한 책임능력의 차이를 고려하여 국가간의 책임과 역할을 차별화시켜야 한다는 것이다. 즉, 역사적 환경손상의 책임과 환경손상 방지 및 회복조치의 능력에 초점을 두어 책임을 이원화하는 것이다. 이처럼 환경보호책임의 공동 책임과 차별적 책임이라는 두 가지 내용을 포함하고 있지만, 그 주요 쟁점은 후자에 있다. 차별적 공동책임은 지구환경보호를 위하여 국가의 의무와 책임을 차별화하고 있는데, 주권평등이라는 대원칙의 예외라 할 수 있는 ‘차별화’를 개별 원칙으로서 받아들여야 하는 법적 타당성이 문제된다. 주권평등이라는 대원칙을 근간으로 형성된 국제법질서에도 이미 수많은 예외가 존재고 있는데, 법철학 및 개별 법분야에서 형식적 평등을 수정하는 실질적 평등 및 형평의 개념이 발전되어 왔고, 국제법적으로도 국제기구의 표결제도, 조약의 유보, 핵규제, 심해저, 국제인권법과 국제경제법상 개도국우대 등의 실례를 찾아볼 수 있으며, 이러한 차별의 목적, 대상, 내용 등으로부터 차별적 공동책임의 차별의 정당성을 뒷받침할 수 있다. 대부분의 국제환경협약에서 공통적으로 찾아볼 수 있는 차별적 공동책임의 예로서 환경기술의 이전과 재정지원을 꼽을 수 있다. 기술이전은 지적재산권과의 대립을 예정하고 있고, 재정지원은 일부 선진국에게 큰 부담이 되기 때문에 선진국 그룹과 개발도상국 그룹의 대립이 계속되고 있다. 그러나 이념이 아닌 경제력을 중심으로 재편되고 있는 국제사회에서, 선진국과 개발도상국의 대립은 비단 국제환경법 분야만이 아니므로, 차별적 공동책임 원칙은 현실 국제질서 및 국제법을 이해하는데 필요한 논점이라 할 수 있다. The Principle of ‘Common but differentiated responsibility’ evolved from the notion of the ‘common heritage of mankind’ and is a manifestation of general principles of equity in international law. The principle recognizes historical differences in the contributions of developed and developing States to global environmental problems. Despite their common responsibilities, important differences exist between the stated responsibilities of developed and developing countries. The Rio Declaration states: “In view of the different contributions to global environmental degradation, States have common but differentiated responsibilities. The developed countries acknowledge the responsibility that they bear in the international pursuit of sustainable development in view of the pressures their societies place on the global environment and of the technologies and financial resources they command.” Similar language exists in the Framework Convention on Climate Change, parties should act to protect the climate system on the basis of equality and in accordance with their common but differentiated responsibilities and respective capabilities. Differentiated responsibility therefore aims to promote substantive equality between developing and developed States within a regime, rather than mere formal equality. The aim is to ensure that developing countries can come into compliance with particular legal rules over time. Differential responsibility does result in different legal obligations. The techniques available in differentiated responsibility include ‘grace period’ or delayed implementation and less stringent commitments. In recent interpretation of WTO laws, there is movement towards an obligation to consider the particular economic, social and environmental situation of developing countries when adopting environmental measures. The WTO dispute settlement panel in Shrimp case expressly mentioned the principle of common but differential responsibilities its conclusions. Technology transfer in the environmental field constitutes the most interesting differential mechanism currently used as it directly contributes to developing countries capacity to implement their international obligations while serving environmental goals. By its very nature technology transfer is usually a process which involves mainly the private sector. This is due to the fact that usually protected by intellectual property rights. Together with technology transfer, environmental financial mechanisms constitute an easily identifiable indicator of commitments towards the effective realization of differential treatment measures. In the respect, the GEF constitutes the single most important contribution towards the implementation of differential treatment measures in the environmental field. While the future of common but differentiated responsibility as a differential treatment in international law is fraught with uncertainty, its further development seems probable. Indeed, if positive developments in common but differentiated responsibility can occur in the difficult context of international trade law, it is likely that progress in the field of international environmental law will be forthcoming.

다문화사회의 법적 기반에 관한 소고 -국제인권법을 중심으로-

서원상 ( Won Sang Seo ) 연세대학교 법학연구원 2011 法學硏究 Vol.21 No.1

The Korea which has been proud of ``a racially homogeneous nation``, becomes to multicultural society state. The Korea has various Acts on foreigners, migrant workers and multicultural families, such as the Fundamental Act on Treatments of Foreigners in the Korea, the Act on Support to Multicultural families, (Korean) Nationality Act and Immigration Control Law. National policies and laws for multicultural society in the Korea have been carried out in separate Administrative Departments respectively with competitive and overlapped policies each other. The highly anticipated ``The Fundamental Act on the Multicultural Society Integration`` disappeared as a step of draft. Korean Acts on the multicultural society are mostly soft-provisions have not legal force or compulsory measure-, and have too narrow ranges of application on object of law. So we need to seek the standard for interpretation, application or legislation of Korean Acts on multicultural society. I studied substance of international human rights law, such as the ``Charter of the United Nations``, the ``Universal Declaration of Human Rights, the International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights``, the ``International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights``, the ``International Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Racial Discrimination``, the ``Declaration on the Elimination of All Forms of Intolerance and of Discrimination Based on Religion or Belief’, the ``Declaration on the Rights of Persons Belonging to National or Ethnic, Religious and Linguistic Minorities``, the ``International Convention on the Protection of the Rights of All Migrant Workers and Members of their Families``, the ``Convention relating to the Status of Refugees``, and the ``Convention relating to the Status of Stateless Persons``.

N,N,N-Trimethylphytosphingosine (TMP)의 염증성 피부질환 치료제 가능성에 관한 연구

서원상(Won-Sang Seo),오한나(Han-Na Oh),박우정(Woo-Jung Park),엄상용(Sang-Young Um),강상모(Sang-Mo Kang) 한국생물공학회 2014 KSBB Journal Vol.29 No.1

Skin disease is one of the most common diseases and its incidence is increasing dramatically in modern society. Specially, many attempts have been made to treat chronic skin inflammation diseases, such as psoriasis and atopic dermatitis, but effective therapies for the immune cell-mediated skin diseases, including psoriasis and atopic dermatitis have not been developed. Until recently, several drug candidates which were claimed to be effective for skin diseases have been reported, but most of them are not used to treat chronic skin disease. Especially, Psoriasis is characterized by excessive growth and aberrant differentiation of keratinocytes, but is fully reversible with appropriate therapy. The trigger of the keratinocyte response is thought to be activation of the cellular immune system, with T cells and various immune-related cytokines. Formation of new blood vessels starts with early psoriatic changes and disappears with disease clearance. Several angiogenic mediators are up-regulated in psoriasis development. Contact- and mediator-dependent factors derived from keratinocytes, mast cells and immune cells may contribute to the strong blood vessel formation of psoriasis. New technologies and experimental models provide new insights into the role of angiogenesis in psoriasis pathogenesis. TMP and its derivatives themselves effectively inhibited in vitro cell migration, tube formation, and the expression of angiogenic factors. However, TMP and its derivatives induced side effects including hemolysis and local side effects. Therefore, in an attempt to reduce the toxicity and the undesirable side effects of TMP and derivatives, a liposomal formulation was prepared and tested for its effectiveness. TMP and derivatives liposomes retained the effectiveness of TMP in vitro while side effects were reduced. These results support the conclusion that TMP effectively inhibits in vitro angiogenesis, with the possibility that use as a psoriasis relief agent.