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일본의 소년범죄자에 대한 회복적 사법에관한 고찰 - Hugh LaFollette의 「Licensing Parents」론을 중심으로 -
서거석,강경래 한국소년정책학회 2016 少年保護硏究 Vol.29 No.2
우리나라에서도 종래부터 꾸준히 학계와 실무 등을 중심으로 회복적 사법에 관한 연구가 진행되었고, 그 결과 2007년 11월의 개정소년법에서 회복적 사법의 개념과 관련된 제도가 도입되었다5). 개정소년법에서는 피해자의 요구의 개입, 가해자의 지역사회 재통합을 통한 재범방지, 가해자의 책임수용, 지역사회의 재건, 사법매커니즘의 과잉 및 그와 관련된 사법비용의 절감과 절차지연의 회피등을 목적6)으로 회복적 사법의 개념을 활용한 화해권고에 관한 규정이 신설되었다. 한편, 일본의 경우에는 우리보다 빠른 1990년대부터 회복적 사법에 관한 논의가 진행되었으며, 2000년대 이후부터는 일본국회에서도 범죄피해자의 권리와 보호를 위한 논의가 적극적으로 이루어졌다. 이러한 논의는 소년범죄대책에도 영향을 주게 되었고, 그 결과2003년에 책정된 「청소년육성시책대망(青少年育成施策大網)」에서소년비행대책의 처우의 다양화를 위하여 회복적 사법의 활용을 검토하도록 하였다. 이에 따라 2005년부터 2006년의 2년간 시범사업으로 일본경찰청 주도로 소년대화회(회복적 회의(conference))를 실시하였다. 소년대화회의 참가자는 임의참가를 전제로 하였으며, 대상사건의 소년범죄자, 보호자, 범죄피해자, 그리고 진행담당자인 경찰직원(소년서포터센터의 직원)이 참가를 하도록 하는 방식이었다. 이와 같이 직접적인 당사자 외에 중재역할을 하는 경찰직원의 3자간의 면접형식에 의한 대화의 개최였으나, 의뢰건수가 매우 적어전체범죄의 1.4%에 지나지 않았다 .
徐巨錫 全北大學校 1986 論文集 Vol.28 No.-
Ⅰ. Complicity and Status deals with the problems of how one who restrains status and the other who doesn't should be treated respectively, who are in the relation of complicities, especially in the case when the formation or the amount of punishment is influenced by the status. The criminal code ∮ 33 provides that to a person who collaborates in the commision of a crime of which another's status is an element, the provisions of the preceding three Articles shall apply even though he lacks such status, but when the severity of a punishment varies with the accused's status, the more severe punishment shall not be imposed on him who lacks such status. The bodys of ∮ 33 recognizes the subordination and the solidarity of complicity, on the contrary the proviso of that prescribes the individuality of complicity and the independency of responsibility by the common opinion. Status means the difference in sex, that of a native and foreigner, kinship, the qualification of public officials, and the particular position, the state of criminal in connection with particular crime. Status is divided into the structural status, the status affecting a punishment, the negative status. Ⅱ. Elucidation of the body of the criminal code ∮ 33 According to the popular theory, in an ungenuine status criminal, the status doesn't affect the formation of crime, but only does the function of adding or reducing the amount of penalty. Since it was defined in other proviso of ∮33, this paper is confined to discuss only a genuine staus criminal. As korean criminal code says in the body of ∮ 33 that the provisions of the preceding three Articles shall be applied, one who doesn't retain staus, along with the other who does, can become an instigator, an accessory, or a co-principal of a genuine status criminal. But when one who retains status takes adventage of the other who doesn't to commit a genuine status criminal, that is the case of using statusless intentional tool and he becomes an indirect principal. Thus the body of ∮ 33 can't be applied. Ⅲ. Elucidation of the proviso of ∮ 33 In a popular theory, the proviso is understood as a definition on complicity formation and the punishment of the ungenuine status criminal. Hence, when one who retains status and the other who doesn't, together, commit an ungenuine status crime in co-principals, the former makes ungenuine status criminal and the latter becomes a co-principal of common crime. When one who doesn't retain status makes the other who does commit an ungeniune status crime by instigation or by an aid and an abet, even though the former makes merely an instigator or accessories of common crime, the latter become a principal of ungenuine status crime. Ⅳ. Criminal code ∮33 seems desirable to be ammended in the following way. In the crime concerned with the relation of status, the punishment may be reduced if one who doesn't retain status instigated or abetted the other who does. In crimes whose punishment can be added, reduced, or expiated respectively according to the status, the condition is applied only to one who retain status, not to the other who doesn't, when the latter improve.
徐巨錫 全北大學校 1988 論文集 Vol.30 No.-
This treatise aims to study the security measure system in force based on Social Safety Act and Act for the Protection of Society, and takes out some reform means. The result of this study is as follows.