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GA<sub>4+7</sub>+BA의 처리방법이 사과 '갈라' 품종의 수체생장 및 과실특성에 미치는 영향
사공동훈,윤태명,최석원,SaGong, Dong-Hoon,Yoon, Tae-Myung,Choi, Seak-Won 한국원예학회 2010 원예과학기술지 Vol.28 No.4
$GA_{4+7}$+BA는 유목의 측지 발생 및 과실비대를 목표로 사용되는 생장조절제로써 본 실험에서는 밀식 과수원의 '갈라' 사과품종을 공시하여 4년 동안 여러 가지 살포방법을 이용하여 과실비대 및 영양생장에 미치는 영향을 조사하였다. $GA_{4+7}$+BA 처리시 과실 종경, 과중, L/D율은 증가되나 가용성 고형물 함량 및 산 함량, 엽면적, 엽록소함량 등은 변화가 일정하지 않았다. 과실 내 종자 수는 처리에 따른 차이가 없었으나 미발육 종자의 수가 증가하는 것으로 나타났다. 고농도 수관전체 살포는 신초생장을 증가시켰으나 착과 부위에만 살포시에는 영향이 없었다. 살포시기에 있어서는 과실 세포분열이 끝나는 시점인 5월말에서 6월초에 살포하는 것이 과실비대에 가장 효과적이었다. 그러나 고농도 $GA_{4+7}$+BA처리는 과실의 경도를 감소시켜 과실의 저장성을 떨어뜨리기 때문에 '갈라' 같은 소과종에 있어 고농도의 $GA_{4+7}$+BA 살포는 주의가 필요할 것으로 판단되었다. $GA_{4+7}$+BA, a plant growth regulator for induction of feathering in young apple tree and increasing fruit size, was applied by various methods on 'Gala'/M.9 apple trees in high density orchard for 4 years to investigate its effect on fruit and shoot growth. $GA_{4+7}$+BA($80-300mg{\cdot}L^{-1}$) increased fruit length, fruit weight, and L/D ratio regardless of application methods, but it did not affect soluble solid content, acidity, leaf area, and chlorophyll. Seed number was not affected by $GA_{4+7}$+BA application, however, more immature seeds was observed in treated 'Gala' fruit. Shoot growth was increased when spraying $GA_{4+7}$+BA at tree crown but not affected when spraying at fruit directly. More significant fruit growth was observed when $GA_{4+7}$+BA was applied on the fruits between late of May and early of June when fruit cell division ended; however, high concentration of $GA_{4+7}$+BA resulted in lower fruit storability because of lower firmness. Hence, more attention should be paid when applying high concentration of $GA_{4+7}$+BA to small sized fruit cultivars like 'Gala'.
주간 절단시기 및 생장조절제를 이용한 ‘후지’/M9 사과나무 수관 상단부 생장조절
사공동훈 ( Dong-hoon Sagong ),이재왕 ( Jae-wang Lee ),윤태명 ( Tae-myung Yoon ) 한국환경농학회 2018 한국환경농학회지 Vol.37 No.2
BACKGROUND: The vigorous shoot growth in upper part of apple tree canopy leads to poor fruit quality and flower bud formation in lower part of canopy. So, this study was conducted to develop the proper control method about the shoot growth in upper part of apple tree canopy. METHODS AND RESULTS: Trunks of 'Fuji'/M9 apple trees were cut (back pruned) to 2.5 m in tree height on 11 February (dormant) or 12 April (full bloom). Naphthalene acetic acid (NAA) was applied at 2.0% to cut surface when trunk was pruned. Prohexadione-calcium (Pro-Ca) was sprayed at 250 mg/L above 2.0 m in tree height at 23 April (petal fall). The NAA or Pro-Ca application after trunk was pruned at dormant (TR-2 and TR-3) significantly reduced shoot growth in upper part of canopy compared with the control (tree was only pruned at dormant, TR-1), but the percent of shoots showing the secondary growth of TR-3 was higher over 2 times than that of TR-2. The reduction of shoot growth in upper part of canopy by TR-2 and TR-3 increased the fruit red color from the lower part in the treating year and blooming of the lower part in the following year. CONCLUSION: Applying 2.0% NAA to cut surface of pruned apple trunk at dormant was the most effective way for stabilization of the tree vigor in upper part of the canopy in a high density apple orchard.
성목기 ‘후지’/M.9 사과나무의 해거리 방지와 수세안정을 위한 재식거리별 적정 착과수준
사공동훈(Dong-Hoon Sagong),윤태명(Tae-Myung Yoon) 한국원예학회 2015 원예과학기술지 Vol.33 No.1
본 시험은 성목기 ‘후지’/M.9 사과나무의 재식밀도별 적정 착과수를 조사하고자 영양생장, 생산량, 과실품질 및 이듬해 개화율을 3년(재식 7-9년차) 동안 조사하였다. 시험재료는 3.5 × 1.5m(190주/10a), 3.5 × 1.2m(238주/10a), 3.2 × 1.2m(260주/10a)로 심어 세장방추형을 목표수형으로 관리하고 있는 ‘후지’/M.9 사과나무이었다. 목표 착과수 범위는 주당 55-64과, 65-74과, 75-84과, 85-94과, 95-104과의 5수준이었다. TCA 증가, 총 신초장, 이듬해 개화율, 주당 생산량 및 수량 효율은 재식밀도가 낮을수록 증가하는 경향이 있었고, 과중과 가용성고형물 함량은 목표 착과수준이 낮을수록 증가하는 경향이 있었다. 착색은 신초생장이 감소할수록 증가하는 경향이 있었다. 해거리는 238주과 260주 재식구의 주당 과실수가 각각 85-94과, 75-84과 이상이 되면 발생하였다. 그러나 190주 재식구는 주당 95-104과 정도 되어도 해거리가 발생하지 않았다. 누적 생산량은 재식밀도 및 목표 착과수준이 높을수록 많아지는 경향이 있었으나, 해거리가 발생한 착과구들 간의 차이는 없었다. 결론적으로 190주로 재식된 ‘후지’/M.9 사과나무의 성목기 적정 결실량은 95-104개, 238주 재식구는 75-84개, 260주 재식구는 65-74개 범위가 적당할 것이라고 판단되었다. This study was conducted in three years (7-9 years after planting) to investigate vegetative growth, yield, fruit quality, and return bloom for optimum crop load based on different planting densities of adult ‘Fuji’/M.9 apple trees. As plant materials, ‘Fuji’/M.9 apple trees planted at 3.5 × 1.5 m (190 trees per 10 a), 3.5 × 1.2 m (238 trees per 10 a), and 3.2 × 1.2 m (260 trees per 10 a) spacing and trained as slender spindles were used. The crop load was assigned to five different object ranges as follows: 55-64, 65-74, 75-84, 85-94, and 95-104 fruit per tree. TCA increment, total shoot growth, return bloom, yield per tree, and yield efficiency tended to increase as planting density decreased, and fruit weight and soluble solid content tended to increase as the object range of crop load decreased. Fruit red color tended to increase as shoot growth decreased. For apple trees planted with 238 trees and 260 trees per 10a, biennial bearing occurred when the crop load was over 85-94 and 75-84 fruits, respectively. However, biennial bearing did not occur when the crop load was 95-104 fruits in apple trees planted with 190 trees per 10a. Accumulated yield tended to increase as planting density and crop load increased, but that of biennial bearing did not show such a difference. Based on our results, optimum crop load recommendations are to set 95-104 fruits per tree in ‘Fuji’/M.9 mature apple trees planted at 190 trees per 10a, 75-84 fruits per tree at 238 trees per 10a, and 65-74 fruits per tree at 260 trees per 10a.
Prohexadione-calcium 처리에 따른 성목기 ‘후지’/M.9 사과나무의 광합성, 신초생장 및 과실품질
사공동훈(Dong-Hoon Sagong),송양익(Yang-Yik Song),박무용(Moo-Yong Park),권헌중(Hun-Joong Kweon),김목종(Mok-Jong Kim),윤태명(Tae-Myung Yoon) 한국원예학회 2014 원예과학기술지 Vol.32 No.6
본 시험은 prohexadione-calcium(Pro-Ca) 살포가 성목기 ‘후지’/M.9 사과나무의 신초생장 및 과실품질에 미치는 영향을 구명하고자 실시하였다. Pro-Ca은 100-400㎎·L<SUP>-1</SUP> 농도로 정단신초 길이가 5-10㎝ 정도 생장한 낙화기에 1회 수관전체 살포하거나 혹은 100, 125, 150㎎·L<SUP>-1</SUP> 농도로 낙화기와 낙화 후 4-8주 경에 2회 살포하였다. 일반적으로 Pro-Ca 처리는 평균 신초장을 감소시켰으며, 그 정도는 처리농도에 비례하였다. 무처리에 비해 Pro-Ca 400㎎·L<SUP>-1</SUP> 처리는 평균 신초장을 15-22% 정도 감소시켰으나, Pro-Ca 200㎎·L<SUP>-1</SUP> 처리와는 차이가 없었다. 신초의 2차 생장발생률은 Pro-Ca 처리구가 무처리보다 높았다. 무처리에 비해 Pro-Ca 처리는 광합성속도를 5-10% 정도 향상시켰고, 또한 가용성 고형물 함량과 착색을 증진시켰다. 그러나 400㎎·L<SUP>-1</SUP> 처리는 과중을 유의하게 감소시켰는데, 이는 Pro-Ca 400㎎·L<SUP>-1</SUP> 처리구의 신초 2차 발생률이 무처리 및 Pro-Ca 200㎎·L<SUP>-1</SUP> 처리구보다 높았기 때문이었다. This study was conducted to elucidate the influence of prohexadione-calcium (Pro-Ca) application on shoot growth and fruit quality in ‘Fuji’/M.9 mature apple trees. Pro-Ca was applied at concentrations ranging from 100 to 400 ㎎·L<SUP>-1</SUP> one time at petal fall (PF; 5-10 ㎝ terminal shoot growth) to the whole canopy of the tree, or at 100, 125, 150 ㎎·L<SUP>-1</SUP> concentrations two times, at PF and then 4-8 weeks after PF. Pro-Ca treatment generally reduced mean shoot growth, with its effect being proportional to the application rate. Pro-Ca at 400 ㎎·L<SUP>-1</SUP> significantly reduced the shoot growth by 15-22% compared to the control, while its effect was not significantly different from Pro-Ca 200 ㎎·L<SUP>-1</SUP>. Pro-Ca treatments induced higher occurrence of secondary growth compared to the control. Pro-Ca treatment increased the photosynthetic rate by 5-10% relative to the control, and also increased soluble solid concentration and fruit red color. However, fruit weight was significantly reduced by 400 ㎎·L<SUP>-1</SUP> Pro-Ca, which was attributable to the greater secondary growth caused Pro-Ca 400 ㎎·L<SUP>-1</SUP> treatment compared to the control and Pro-Ca 200 ㎎·L<SUP>-1</SUP> treatment.