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지속가능한 복지의 구현을 위한 교통부문의 역할 정립 및 확대방안
이신해 ( Sin Hae Lee ),윤혁렬 ( Hyuk Ryul Yun ),변미리 ( Mi Ri Byun ),박지훈 ( Ji Hun Park ),전재현 ( Jae Hyeon Jeon ) 서울시정개발연구원 2011 연구보고서 Vol.2011 No.19
As transport welfare for socially underprivileged groups including the disabled and the elderly emerges, awareness of welfare is growing in the transport sector. And socially, the target of welfare changes from selective welfare for the specific class to universal welfare for all citizens. Also as the status of public transportation rises as a travel mode that all citizens are using in Seoul, wide range of services including welfare as well as the basic feature such as just transportation are required for the public transportation. However, the transportation policies accompanied by these welfare services can cost significantly, so it should be considered whether the transport welfare policies are financially sustainable. Therefore, this study established the concept of the sustainable transport welfare, analyzed the welfare elements and costs of current transportation policies in Seoul, and suggested directions for the sustainable transport welfare. Sustainable transport welfare is to pursue reasonable distribution in order to avoid consuming excessive resources and finances in the area of the public transportation, consistently proceeding with selective welfare. In the analysis results of the welfare elements of current transportation policies in Seoul, it is found that the following transport welfare policies are being implemented actually. The selective welfare policies are subway free-ride, call taxi for the disabled, expansion of non-step buses, barrier-free transport environment for the transportation vulnerable, and expansion of barrier-free facilities at subway stations for the transportation vulnerable. And the universal welfare policy is transfer discount policy of public transportation (free transfer). These selective welfare policies need to be consistently maintained for the transportation vulnerable. In case of the universal welfare policies, it costs excessively because all users are the beneficiaries of the universal welfare for the public transportation, so analysis in terms of sustainable transport welfare is required. In the analysis results of the welfare costs consumed for the current transport welfare policies in Seoul, it is found that the welfare effect in the transport sector is approximately 725.5 billion won annually. -Among that cost, the welfare costs of transport-related policies which were classified as social welfare sector and already being implemented, i.e. the transport welfare costs which are recognized as the welfare previously, are approximately 58.3 billion won annually. And the transport welfare costs consumed for the transport welfare policies, which were expanded in this study from the analysis of welfare elements of Seoul city`s transportation policies, are approximately 667.2 billion won annually. -In case of the selective welfare policies, it is desirable to maintain current policies because Seoul city can afford those due to the relatively less costs and those have been continuously performed for the purpose of guaranteeing mobility right for the transportation vulnerable. However, in case of the subway free-ride policy, it can become financially unsustainable. Because the welfare policy costs significantly than any other selective welfare policies - the estimated cost of that policy was approximately 221.9 billion won in 2009 - and the costs will increase as free-ride of the elderly increases due to population aging. Thus, change of the funding system is required such as financial support from the central government who caused the enactment of the free-ride act. -The estimated cost of transfer discount policy of public transportation, the universal welfare policy, was substantial with approximately 411.5 billion won in 2009. The current transfer demand has stabilized, so the welfare cost for that policy is expected to be maintained or rise slightly. But the welfare cost will be a financial burden to Seoul city consistently, because the current welfare cost occupies a significant percentage of city`s finances. Transfer discount policy is universal welfare policy which confers a benefit on all citizens of Seoul metropolitan area as well as those of Seoul city and this policy need to be maintained continuously. Therefore, active financial support from the central government is required.
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