팀제 중심의 중학교 교육과정 운영조직에 관한 연구

백승옥(Baek, Seung Ok) 성신여자대학교 교육문제연구소 2006 교육연구 Vol.40 No.-

본 연구는 제7차 교육과정 운영조직이 기존의 관료조직 속에서, 즉 비수업형 조직 속에서 운영되고 있는 상황을 분석하고 수업형 조직인 팀조직을 도입할 것을 시사하는 연구를 하였다. 먼저 제 Ⅱ장에서는 중학교조직의 특성을 관료조직과 사회체제조직, 공동체조직의 세 가지로 나누어 파악하였고 제 Ⅲ장에서는 중학교 교육과정 운영조직을 수업조직과 비수업조직으로 나누어 분석하였다. 현행 중학교 교육과정 운영조직은 본연의 교육활동인 교수지도조직보다는 행정업무위주의 비수업조직으로 운영되고 있음을 알 수 있었다. 제 Ⅳ장에서는 중학교 교육과정 운영조직의 재구조화로서 팀조직을 개관하였고 재구조화 방안을 제시하였다. Today we're living in the world of knowledge-based society that information power, the ability to produce and share information, decides the competitiveness of a nation and an individual. Knowledge-based society is a global world that education is more emphasized because human can produce and practice knowledge through education. The current school curriculum is based on instructional system. The 7th Curriculum has been applied since 2000, starting in elementary school (from 2001 in middle school and 2004 in high school). The goal of this Curriculum is educating students as self-initiative, creative individuals to cope with the knowledge-based 21st century and be a leader in a globalized world. These goals were supposed to be achieved through instructions and classes. To successfully accomplish these goals, school organization should be also based on self-initiation and creativity. For the good management of school organization, eventually to improve the quality of teaching, school system of instructional activities should be changed into team system that each team unit takes control of its own work, create changes and keeps up with them itself, staying out of the non-instructional activities like orders or controls from the central government, a local government, and a school. In current schools, however, the 7th Curriculum is being practiced more through non-instructional activities, carrying out policies from the government rather than through educational activities like classes. Two systems of instruction-related and non-instruction related like curricular parts, grade-system, official division-system, are all mixed up and have been raising questions about the expected results of school management. The present mixed system of instruction and non-instruction tends to focus on doing administrative orders and meet the needs from the upper-level organizations. As a result, teachers' educational potentials end up carrying out top-down official works. These bureaucratic top-down system is no longer right or efficient for the 7th Curriculum. Social needs for the change of school system from non-instructional to instructional are growing. Colleges or businesses are already adopting and making the most of the system. This team system that has been proving the effect already can be also adapted to school, especially, of the 7th curricular system. This study is analyzing the 7th Curriculum in a bureaucratic system, and suggesting to introduce instructional-activity prioritized team system. I studied bureaucratic, social, community systems of current middle school, and analyzed into instructional system and non-instructional system. To develop a model of school management system, I randomly sampled 22 middle schools, one public and one private out of every Education District in Seoul, and analyzed their organizations, and tried to apply a team system used in colleges and businesses into middle schools. The followings are the results from this study. First, current school system is non-instructional. In the managerial perspective of students, teachers, and a school, most parts are top-down from external upper-level organizations. Actually the self-regulations and creativity of students, teachers, and the school are not involved. Second, I tried to develop a team system, which is instructional activity-oriented. Third, I'm offering suggestions that middle school system should be changed into a team system that is already being generalized in high schools, colleges, and furthermore businesses. Since middle school is a stepping stone to high school and college, their systems should be linked and related together. Therefore, the below are presented in this study. Present middle school systems were following a sample curriculum from the Seoul Educational Office, where official work division is apt to be more important than instruction division. In those situations, education in its true sense, is hardly possible. F

新羅ㆍ百濟 각축기의 比斯伐加耶

白承玉(Baek Seung Ok) 효원사학회 1991 역사와 세계 Vol.- No.15·16

요가 운동프로그램이 중년여성의 건강관련체력에 미치는 영향

백승옥(Seung-Ok Baek),신윤정(Youn-Jung Shin),오윤선(Youn-Sun Oh) 한국코칭능력개발원 2006 코칭능력개발지 Vol.8 No.1

스포츠에어로빅스 선수의 신체적 훈련정도와 스포츠수행전략과의 관계

백승옥(Seung Ok Baek),오윤선(Yoon Sun Oh),이준우(Jun Woo Lee) 한국여성체육학회 2005 한국여성체육학회지 Vol.19 No.3

공기 다단 분무연소기의 NOx 발생특성에 관한 실험적 연구

김한석,안국영,김호근,백승옥,Kim, Han-Seok,An, Guk-Yeong,Kim, Ho-Geun,Baek, Seung-Ok 한국기계연구원 2001 硏究論文集 Vol.31 No.-

An experimental investigation on the reduction of nitrogen oxide emission from swirling, turbulent diffusion flames was conducted using multi air staged combustor, The combustor utilizes swirler to dampen fuel/air mixing, allowing an extended residence time for fuel pyrolysis and fuel-N conversion chemistry in an locally fuel-rich environment prior to burnout. This process also allow to reduce thermal NOx formation to lessen the temperature of reaction zone. The aerodynamic process therefore emulates the conventional staged combustion process, but without the need for the physically separate fuel-rich and -lean stages. Parametric studies on the ratios of each staged air and droplet size were carried out the feasibility of fuel/air mixing for low NOx combustion with diesel and pyridine mixed diesel fuel oil.

비만 여성의 10주간 댄스스포츠 프로그램 수행 후 심박수, 혈중 젖산 및 지질농도의 변화

신윤정(Youn Jung Shin),김기진(Ki Jin Kim),성락민(Rack Min Sung),오윤선(Youn Sun Oh),백승옥(Seung Ok Baek),김지연(Jee Youn Kim),박우규(Woo Kyu Park) 한국사회체육학회 2005 한국사회체육학회지 Vol.0 No.23

This study investigated the changes of heart rate, blood lactate and lipid profiles before and after dancesports program of 10 weeks, and the effects of acute dancesports on these changes. This investigation can be used to suggest the theoretical basis for effective prevention and administration of obesity with dancesports. Subjects were consisted of 20-aged female students(n=12), and were divided to obese(n=6) and normal weight group(n=6). Heart rate, blood levels of lactate and lipid profiles were measured. Blood concentration of lipid profiles were no significant differnce after 10 weeks dancesports program, sc hypothesis related to these variables ccould not accepted. On the basis of blood lactate and heart rate, acute dancesports could be recommended the effective exercise program with optimal exercise intensity corresponding to 60% HRmax. As heart rate at 60 min of recovery phase after acute dancesports showed a significant different value than resting heart rate in both groups, acute dancesports could be arised to sufficient stimulus for the improvement of cardiopulmonary function. As obese group showed a decrease of heart rate and blood lactate during acute dancesports after 10 weeks dancesports program, so hypothesis on the improvement of cardiopulmonary function and the decrease of blood lactate and heart rate during acute dancesports after 10 weeks dancesports program could be accepted. In these results, dancesports program could be suggested the effective exercise program for obesity treatment and improvement of physical fitness.

여름철 폭염주의보 수준의 열 스트레스가 여성노인의 심폐체력 및 면역기능에 미치는 영향

박석(Sok Park),이영준(Young Jun Lee),이종우(Jong Woo Lee),라경환(Kyoung Hwan Ra),백승옥(Seung Ok Baek),하민수(Min Su Ha),이천호(Cheon Ho Lee) 한국사회체육학회 2010 한국사회체육학회지 Vol.0 No.39

The purpose of the study was to examine the influence of extreme heat environmental on cardiorespiratory fitness and immune function in elderly women. The subjects of this study were eight post-menopausal elderly women without any metabolic disease. All eight subjects were asked to do treadmill exercise(modified bruce`s protocol) in the laboratory and experimental temperature within laboratory were adjusted to two condition: Extreme heat temperature(33±0.5°C), normal temperature(20±0.5°C) and maintained 50±3% humidity condition. Each experimental exercise were monitored and analyzed the change of NK cell and immunoglobulin(IgG, IgA, IgM). Cardiorespiratory fitness(respiratory quotient, total exercise time, heart rate) was a significant difference at exercise and recovery between two condition(p<.05). In extreme heat temperature, respiratory quotient and heart rate were more rapidly increased, resulted in significantly higher than normal temperature(p<.05). Immune function(immunoglobulin and NK cell) was significantly decreased at post-exercise compared to pre-exercise(p<.05), Immune function were significantly decreased in extreme heat temperature(p<.05). These results show that elderly women can decrease their cardiorespiraory fitness and immune function on extreme heat temperature.

대학생의 스포츠 활동 참가유형에 따른 자아존중감 및 건강통제소재의 관계

박주영,김지연,이준우,백승옥 한국스포츠리서치 2004 한국 스포츠 리서치 Vol.15 No.6

The purpose of this study was to analyze the relationships between self esteem and health locus of control in sports participation type of university students. The subjects of the study was selected by stratified cluster random sampling method from the sports participation located in Seoul ' Kyung-Ki area in universty students. Among them 400 students are contacted as sampies to be studied. 29 of them are not reviewed because of untimely response and doubted sincerity of their answers. The author used questions from Rosenberg's Self-Esteem Scale SES (10 Questions, 1965, translated, edited and standardized by Kim, gui-bong, Kim, young-soo, Kang, sung-gu, Park, joo-young, Kim, young-ho, 1999) and Wallston, Wallston and DeVellis Multidimentional health Locus of Control Scale (18 Questions, 1978) to analyze the sample with statistical calculations including descriptive statistics analysis, one-way ANOVA, multiple correlation analysis for the study. The study conclusions from this study summarized as follow: First, there were differences in university students sports participation type depending on their characteristics such as sex, height, and weight. Second, the sports participation type among university students has a significant difference on the self-esteem. Third, the sports participation type among universty students has a significant difference on the health locus of control(internal health locus of control). Forth, there is some relationships between mental-health and body-consciousness in sports participation type of university students.