Duty-related incidental stress and the coping method in new firefighters

백미례 사단법인 한국응급구조학회 2014 한국응급구조학회지 Vol.18 No.3

Purpose: This study aimed to investigate duty-related incidental stress, coping method, and stress factors in 133 new firefighters. Methods: A self-reported questionnaire was administrated to 133 new firefighters between April and May 2010. It consisted of 33 and 62 items concerning duty-related incident stress and coping methods, respectively. Data were analyzed by using the t-test, analysis of variance, Pearson correlation coefficient analysis, and multiple regression analysis. Results: New firefighters experienced the most stress when inappropriately dispatched. Duty-related incidental stress correlated with active (r = .420, p < .001) and passive coping (r = .450, p < .001). Also active coping statistically correlated with passive coping (r = .890, p < .001). Influencing factors of duty-related incidental stress were passive coping (t = 2.12, p < .05), experience of having a co-worker in a dangerous situation (t = 3.30, p < .001), having less than 6 months of work experience (t = 2.30, p < .05), and experience of having oneself in a dangerous situation (t = 2.05, p < .05). Conclusion: New firefighters need to be provided with training on active coping to prevent posttraumatic stress disorders and, social support immediately after an inappropriate and stressful dispatch.

응급구조과 학생의 첫 임상 실습 경혐에 대한 연구

백미례 사단법인 한국응급구조학회 2003 한국응급구조학회지 Vol.7 No.1

대구지하철 참사 경험 소방관의 외상 후 스트레스

백미례 한국주관성연구학회 2007 주관성연구 Vol.- No.14

The firefighters in Daegu city had participated the subway fire disaster that took 340 casualities at 2003, are still experiencing posttraumatic stress. The purpose of this study was to identify the subjective types and structures of the posttraumatic stress in firefighters who experienced the Daegu subway fire disaster, to develop the Q-block as a assessment tool for types and to identity how types are actually existed in the firefighters. This study used Q-methodology that has been conducted by selecting the 44 statements as a Q sample finally. The analysis identified 3 types of posttraumatic stress :Emotional arousal trauma, Physiological symptom experience, trauma experience persistence.:(1)Emotional arousal trauma have a more mild symptom because they'd endeavored to decrease their stress by an active approach. But increased arousal reactions have been experienced continuously. (2)Physiological symptom experience have a physiological symptom brought by anxiety and strain from not managing the stress. (3)Trauma experience persistence have a trauma experience persistence state that they keep reexperiencing, avoidance and hyperarousal symptoms, This type of firefighter have experienced the most severe posttraumatic stress symptom. Q-block is developed as a assessment tool for large size sample. Q-block contains Q1, Q2, Q3 questionnaire. The Q1-block contains My feeling with regard to the disaster is insensitivity. It seems that my feeling with regard to the disaster is insensitivity as time goes on. The stress has disappeared a little bit when I talked about the disaster. The Q2-block contains I have suffered from the muscular pain or migraine and always been tired after the disaster. It seems that the power of memory and concentration impaired gradually after the disaster. I have frequently suffered from bronchial symptoms and a cold sweat. The Q3-block contains I have tried to avoiding the situation and event that remind me of the disaster. I have been painful when the memory related to the disaster came across my mind suddenly without intent. I have avoided to tell about the disaster because family and friends should be worried about my job, a firefighter. 3 types were distributed into Emotional arousal trauma(52.4%), Trauma experience persistence(34.1%) and Physiological symptom experience(13.5%). Base on the result of this research, this study is showed that firefighters had experienced not only a reexperience of the accident, avoidance and increased hyperarousal symptoms by the diagnosis criteria of American Psychological Association, but also partial posttraumatic stress symptoms of various levels. The need for an institutional system is proposed to decrease posttraumatic stress and to cope with it appropriately through pattern analysis Also this study can help supply crucial data for the development of intervention program for whom suffer posttraumatic stress by firefighters through understanding subjectivity of posttraumatic stress.

대구지하철 참사를 경험한 소방관의 외상 후 스트레스유형에 따른 대처방식

백미례,Baek, Mi-Lye 한국응급구조학회 2007 한국응급구조학회지 Vol.11 No.3

The purpose of this study was to identity the distribution of post-traumatic stress types and coping methods and to find the relationship between the post-traumatic stress types and the coping methods, for firefighters who experienced in Dea-Gu Subway Fire Disaster. The Subjects of this study were 126 firefighters who experienced Deagu Subway Disaster. Q questionnaire developed by Q-study and coping methods instrument based on that of Folkman & Lazaruswas revised and complemented by Kim Jung Hee was used. Data were analyzed by t-test, ANOVA using SPSS. The results of this study were as follows : 1. The distribution of post-traumatic stress types were 52.4% of Emotional arousal trauma, 34.1% of Trauma experience persistence and 13.5% of Physiological symptom experience. 2. The difference of post-traumatic stress types according to the general characteristics were significantly related to the physical injury(p = .010). 3. The minimum score of coping with post-traumatic stress types was 0.07, the maximum was 2.96 and the mean score was 1.27. 4. The coping methods according to the general characteristics were significantly different at active coping method according to educational level(p = .001), passive coping method according to educational level(p = .003) and passive coping method according to diagnosis(p = 0.20). 5. The mean score of active coping method according types were Emotional arousal trauma(1.505), trauma experience persistance(1.322) and Physiological symptom experience(1.276). The mean score of passive coping method related with types were Emotional arousal trauma(1.328), trauma experience persistance(1.254) and Physiological symptom experience(1.219).

응급구조학과 학생의 응급분만 시뮬레이션 교육 만족도 영향요인

백미례 한국화재소방학회 2014 한국화재소방학회논문지 Vol.28 No.5

본 연구는 응급분만 시뮬레이션 교육에 참여한 응급구조학과 학생 41명의 자신감, 심리적 안전감과 만족도를 알아보았다. 시각적 상사 척도로 교육 전후 자신감의 변화를 측정하였고, 21 문항의 교육 만족도 측정도구와 10 문항의 심리적안전감 측정도구로 분석하였다. 연구결과 일반적 특성에 따른 만족도는 나이(t = −2.22, p = 0.03)에서, 심리적 안전감은성별(t = 3.70, p = 0.00)과 나이(t = −3.65, p = 0.00)에서 유의한 차이를 나타났다. 시뮬레이션 교육 전 후 자신감은 교육후 6.22점으로 높아졌고 통계적으로 유의하게 높았다(t = −5.878, p = 0.000). 만족도와 심리적 안전감간은 강한 정의 상관관계(r = 0.516, p = 0.001)가 나타났다. 교육만족도의 영향요인은 심리적 안전감(t = 3.021, p = 0.005)과 교육 후 자신감(t = 1.936, p = 0.061)으로 나타났다. 본 연구결과 시뮬레이션 교육이 적절한 대안교육임을 알 수 있지만 현장 맞춤형 응급구조사 교육을 위해서는 다양한 시나리오개발, 충분한 인력과 교육시간을 통한 반복교육이 필요하다. This study investigated the confidence, satisfaction, and psychological safety and identified factors affecting the satisfactionof 41 paramedic students. Data, which consists of pre and post-confidence items on visual analogue scale, 21 satisfactionitems and 10 psychological safety items was analyzed using SPSS WIN 21.0 program. After the simulationeducation, the students were told to write what they felt about the education. Then the students’ comments, which werecategorized as effectiveness and difficulty, were analyzed. Satisfaction of general characteristics showed a significant differencein age (t = −2.22, p = 0.03) and psychological safety of general characteristics showed a significant difference ingender (t = 3.70, p = 0.00) and age (t = −3.65, p = 0.00). Pre-confidence is low (4.37); however, post-confidence increasedto 6.22. It showed a significant difference in pre and post-confidence (t = −5.878, p = 0.000). Satisfaction was correlatedwith psychological safety (r = 0.516, p = 0.001). The variables affecting satisfaction were psychological safety (t = 3.021,p = 0.005) and post-confidence (t = 1.936, p = 0.061). These variables accounted for 27.6% of the satisfaction accordingto a regression analysis. The simulation education may be the new effective paramedic education strategy of emergencychildbirth. Repetitive simulation learning with further development of various scenarios, more education time, and morefaculties will be able to train field compatible paramedics.

응급외상 환자 시뮬레이션 적용 효과

백미례 한국응급구조학회 2011 한국응급구조학회지 Vol.15 No.2

진통 분만, 질출혈과 성폭행 환자에 대한 119구급대원의 병원전 응급처치 분석

백미례 한국응급구조학회 2013 한국응급구조학회지 Vol.17 No.2

구급대원의 외상성 스트레스 영향요인

백미례,Baek. Mi-Lye 한국방재학회 2011 한국방재학회논문집 Vol.11 No.1

본 연구는 구급대원의 외상성 스트레스, 사회적지지, 업무부담감과 대처형태를 알아보고 외상성스트레스와 적극적 대처에 영향을 주는 영향변수들을 알아보고자 하였다. 2009년 4~5월까지 중앙소방학교에서 교육 중인 전국과 C도에서 근무하는 구급대원들을 편의표집하여 총143부가 SPSS WIN 14.0 program을 이용하여 분석되었다. 외상성스트레스 검사는 Weiss(1997)가 다시 제작한 IES-R 도구를 사용하였고 최은숙(2000)이 수정, 개발한 업무부담감 측정도구와 오진환(2006)의 연구에서 수정 보완한 사회적 지지 측정도구와 이장호(1988)등의 연구에서 총 62문항으로 구성된 대처방식을 측정도구를 사용하여 분석하였다. 외상성스트레스 고위험군은 74명(51.7%)로 나타났고 일반적 특성에 따른 외상성스트레스 정도는 나이, 결혼, 학력, 직급에서 유의한 차이를 보였다. 유의수준 p=0.000에서 고위험군이 외상성 스트레스의 모든 세 하위영역(t=20.25), 업무부담감(t=5.75), 소극적 대처(t=4.19)와 적극적 대처방법(t=5.61)에서 높은 것으로 나타났다. 외상성스트레스와 주요변인간 상관관계는 유의수준 p=0.000에서 사회적 지지를 제외한 업무부담감(r=0.508), 적극적 대처(r=0.375), 소극적 대처(r=0.505)와 상관관계가 있는 것으로 나타났다. 구급대원들의 외상성스트레스에 가장 큰 영향을 미치는 요인으로는 업무 부담감(0.371)과 소극적 대처(0.366)로 나타났고 또한 외상성 스트레스 고위험군에 가장 영향을 주는 변수로도 업무 부담감(odds ratio=1.064, 95% 신뢰구간:1.031-1.103)과 소극적 대처(odds ratio=1.050, 95% confidence interval:1.022-1.080)로 나타나 일치하였다. 적극적 대처에 가장 큰 영향을 미치는 요인으로는 외상성 스트레스(0.392)와 사회적지지(0.158)로 나타났다. 따라서 구급대원의 외상성 스트레스를 감소하기 위해 업무부담감을 줄이고 소극적 대처를 감소시키고 대신 사회적 지지를 높여 적극적 대처를 할 수 있는 정책적 대안이 필요하다. This study not only investigates emergency medical personnel`s posttraumatic stress(PTS), social support, work burden, and coping style but also identifies related factors which were exerted influence on PTS and active coping method of emergency medical personnels among the firefighters. The data were gathered from 143 emergency medical personnels who were receiving training. The data were collected by IES-R, consisting of twenty-two questions that determine the level of PTS, method used in Cho`s research(2000) that deal with work burden, method used in Oh`s article (2006) relating to social support, and sixty-two questions that deals with coping methods. Then the data gathered were analyzed using SPSSWIN 14.0 program. PTS of general characteristics showed significant difference in age, marriage status, education, and position. High risk group of PTS was 74(51.7%). Work burden, active and passive coping method, and three symptoms in PTS are significantly high(p=0.000) in high risk group. PTS was correlated with work burden(r=0.508, p=0.000), active coping method(r=0.375, p=0.000), and passive coping method(r=0.505, p=0.000) but not with social support. Related factors of PTS were work burden(0.371) and passive coping method(0.366). Also related factors of high risk group of PTS were work burden(odds ratio=1.064, 95% confidence interval:1.031-1.103) and passive coping(odds ratio=1.050, 95% confidence interval:1.022-1.080). Related factors of active coping method were PTS(0.392) and social support(0.158). To minimize the PTS of emergency medical personnels, the new policy should decrease their work burden and passive coping method and strengthen the social support to encourage active coping method.

최초 반응자를 대상으로 한 심폐소생술 교육결과의 분석

백미례 한국응급구조학회 2000 한국응급구조학회지 Vol.4 No.1

This survey is mainly focus on identifying the efficacy of CPR training for 92 first responders who participated in the first aid and emergency rescue program dated on November 22 and November 24, 2000. First responders are trained and evaluated using AHA guideline for 4 hours. Data are analyzed by Percentage, Mean, T-test, F-test using SPSS program. The results for this study are as follows: 1. An average score for CPR evaluation is high as 1.71 of total score 2.0. 2. Between adult CPR and infant CPR, an average score for adult CPR is higher than infant CPR. The highest item of adult CPR and infant CPR is checking for unresponse(1.95 and 1.93), the lowest items are checking for circulation and chest compression position in the adult CPR and location of chest compression in the infant CPR 3. There are statistically significant differences in the evaluation score of CPR according to age, education level, occupation, job experience and emergency accident situation in the past.

응급구조과학생의 첫 소방 실습 경험

백미례 사단법인 한국응급구조학회 2004 한국응급구조학회지 Vol.8 No.1