우이천의 수환경과 수서동물 군집의 생태학적 동태

배경석,유병태 ( Kyung Seok Bae,Byong Tae Yoo ) 한국하천호수학회 1993 생태와 환경 Vol.26 No.3

The present study was performed to examine the ecological dynamics of aquatic animal community according to the changes of water environments and biological estimation of water quality by the aquatic animals at Wooyi stream in national park of Mt. Bukhan in June 1992 through June 1993. The values of BOD were 0.2-9.4mg/l range in June 1992, but those improved 0.6-2.2mg/l range in June 1993. The dry weight percentage of substratum particles composed of mostly cobble(64-256mm) at upper region(St.1), but those increased amount of gravel(2-l6mm) and pebble(16-64mm) at middle and down regions (St.2∼St.4). The total taxa numbers of aquatic animals composed of 66 species, 46 genera, 36 families, 16 orders, 7 classes in 4 phyla. In occurrence aquatic animals, consumers of higher trophic level were Moroco oxycephalus in fish and Hynobius leechii in amphibian, consumers of lower trophic level were 64 species of benthic macroinvertebrates. The occurrence species numbers at each site appeared as 21-43 species range and those occurred the most biggest 43 species at upper region(St. 1). The occurrence species numbers according to the survey times were on increased 19 species in June 1992, 26 species in September 1992, 30 species in December 1992, 35 species in March 1993 and 35 species in June 1993. Major dominant species were Nemoura KUa in Plecoptera, Cincticostella castanea and Ecdynonurus kibunensis in Ephemeroptera at upper region(st.1), but those were Chironomus sp. in Diptera, Hirudo nipponica in Annelida and Bakerlymnea viridis in Mollusca at middle and down regions(St.2-St.4). In biological indices, the range of dominance indices decreased from 0.73-0.84 in June 1992 to 0.46-0.73 in June 1993. The range of species diversity indices, extended biotic indices and species richness indices increased from 1.60-2.5, 5-6 and 0.77-1.50 in June 1992 to 1.83-3.06, 7-9 and 1.83-3.06 in June 1993. Therefore, community structure of aquatic animals in this area appeared as more stable condition than that of the one year past. According to the saprobic system based on the species diversity indices of benthic animals, Wooyi stream changed more cleaned water environment conditions α-mesosaprobic area to limnosaprobic area than α-and β-mesosaprobic area of the one year past.

한강 (漢江) 중·하류 지천생태계의 (支川生態系) 저서성 (底棲性) 무척추동물군집 (無脊椎動物群集) 및 환경요인과의 관계

배경석,박성배 ( Kyung Seok Bae,Sung Bae Park ) 한국하천호수학회 1992 생태와 환경 Vol.25 No.1

We performed this research for the analysis of benethic invertebrate community and the biological estimation of water pollution levels in the tributary streams of Han river on October, 1989 to March, 1990. The total number of taxa collected in this area composed of 97 species, 53 genera, 36 families, 14 orders, 6 classes in 3 phyla. The occurrance species number at each site appeared as 1∼30 species range. Species number is a few at middle and lower region of Anyangchoˇn, Jungryangchoˇn, Tanchoˇn and Wangsukchoˇn and central dominant species is Chironomus sp. in Diptera at above regions. Ephemeroptera and Trichoptera occured more abundantly at Kyunganchoˇn, Gonjiamchoˇn and Chojongchoˇn than urban streams. According to the saprobic system based on species diversity indices of benthic invertebrates, Anyangchoˇn, Jungryangchoˇn and Tanchoˇn are determined as polysaprobic and α-sprobic area except at upper site of Anyangchoˇn in oligosaprobic area. Also, Chojongchoˇn and Kyunganchoˇn except at Yongin town site are determined as β-saprobic and limnosaprobic area. Between species diversity index and trent biotic index are appeared as closely positive correlation (r= 0.9075), and they are fluctuated with a similar rate according to the water pollution level. Between species diversity index and dissolved oxygen are appeared as closely positive correlation (r = 0.7459), but appeared as negative correlation in relation to BOD (r= -0.5339), NH_3-N (r= -0.5412), PO_4-P (r= -0.5573), ABS (r= -0.3215) and Conductivity (r= -0.6499).

낙동강 (洛東江) 하구의 저서성 (底棲性) 대형무척추동물에 (大型無脊椎動物) 관한 생태학적 연구

배경석,윤일병 ( Kyung Seok Bae,Il Byong Yoon) 한국하천호수학회 1989 생태와 환경 Vol.22 No.4

In order to examine the seasonal benthic macroinvertebrate community structure and dynamics, we had been performed this research during the period of April, 1984 to September, 1987. The results obtained are as follows. 1. Occurrence species numbers appeared more abundantly at the tidal flats of the lower reaches than of upper reaches in lowering salinity, but species numbers took place increasing at site 1 of upper reaches in limnetic zone. 2. Species number, individual number and biomass acording to the seasons decreased distinctly in winter and recovered in spring. The rise and fall of them according to the seasons was also well accoreded. 3. species number, individual number and biomass were fluctuated severely in the rainy season. But, they consisted of very constant community structure in spring and fall. 4. Values of dominance index (DI) showed the highest 1.00 and the lowest 0.23. Dominance indices appeared as the lowest at the tidal flats of lower reaches in the estuary. 5. Values of species diversity index (H`) were the highest 3.56 and the lowest 0.00. Species diversity indices appeared as the highest at the tidal flats of lower reaches in the esturay. 6. Neanthes japonica, Tylorrhynchus heterochaetus in mixo-euryhaline Polychaeta and Corbicula japonica in brackish Pelecypoda were showed high dominance frequency at the brackish waters with low salinity in every seasons. But, various species appeared as dominance species at the mixo-polyhaline brackish waters in lower reaches. 7. Values of dominance index and species diversity index appeared as high negative correlation each other. According to the seasons, dominance indices lowered in spring and autumn and rised in winter, but species diversity idices rised in spring and autumn and lowered in winter. Above indices fluctuated with a large range in summer being affected with a flood.

한강 수계의 저서성 대형무척추동물 분포특성

배경석,김홍제,김정영 ( Kyung Seok Bae,Hong Je Kim,Jeong Younng Kim ) 한국하천호수학회 1995 생태와 환경 Vol.28 No.4

The present study was carried out to examine the cmmunity structure of benthic macroinvertebrates of Pyungchang, Jucheon. Dong and lower Han river in the Han river water system. The benthic macroinvertebrates composed of 120 species, 50 families, 18 orders, 8 classes in 4 phyla in the specimens of survey areas. In occurrence of benthic macroinvertebrates, aquatic insects composed of 98 species, 35 families in 8 orders. The species numbers of at each site of 4 different waters appeared as 22∼35 species range in Pyungchang river, 24∼32 species range in Jucheon river. 18∼24 species range in Dong river and 7∼26 species in lower Han river, respectively. All survey sites of 3 rivers at upper region of Nam Han river abound species number, but lower Han river was showed big fluctuations of species number between upper and lower sites. Major dominant species were Serratella rufa and Epeorus(E.) latifolium in Ephemeroptera, Hydropsyche KUa, Hydropsyche KUc, Macronema radiatum, Stenopsyche bergeri and Cheumatopsyche brevilineata in Trichoptera from Pyungchang, Jucheon and Dong river, but those were Limnoperma fortunei in Mollusca, Limnodrilus sp. 1 in Annelida and Chironomus sp. 4 in Insecta from lower Han river. According to the saprobic system based on the species diversity indices of benthic macroinvertebrates, Pyungchang and Jucheon rivers were determined as limnosaprobic area, Dong river was determined as β-mesosaprobic and limnosaprobic area, but lower Han river was showed big fluctuation between polysaprobic area and limnosaprobic area.

한강하류 (漢江下流) 일부 지천생태계의 (支川生態系) 저서성 (底棲性) 대형무척추동물 (大型無脊椎動物) 동태 특성 - 분포 및 풍부도의 (豊富度) 변동을 중심으로 -

배경석,최영복,박성배 ( Kyung Seok Bae,Young Bok Choi,Sung Bae Park ) 한국하천호수학회 1993 생태와 환경 Vol.26 No.1

The present study was carried out to examine the spatial distribution and abundance variations of benthic macroinvertebrates at Chojong, Kyungan, and Jungrang streams in lower Han river in October 1990 through August 1992. The benthic macroinvertebrates composed of 74 species, 32 families, 10 orders, 4 classes in 3 phyla in the specimens of Chojong stream; 45 species, 22 families, 11 orders, 5 classes in 3 phyla in the specimens of Kyungan stream and 40 species, 23 families, 13 orders, 5 classes in 3 phyla in the specimens of Jungrang stream, respectively. These ranges generally showed big fluctuatuions between upper and lower regions of Kyungan and Jungrang streams, but showed small fluctuations between upper and lower regions of Chojong stream. Abundance of benthic macroinvertebrates at each stream were Ephemeroptera 49.3%, Trichoptera 40.3% and Plecoptera 3.7% at Chojong stream; Ephemeroptera 47.8%, Dipteria 30.4% and Trichoptera 16.1% at Kyungan stream and Annelida 84.1% and Diptera 13.0% at Jungrang stream. Ephemeroptera and Trichoptera were abundant at Chojong stream; but, Annelida and Diptera were abundant at Jungrang stream. Major dominant species were Drunella aculea, Epeorus curvatulus and Hydropsyche KUe at Chojong stream, but those were Chironomus sp. at middle region of Kyungan stream, and Limnodrulus sp. and Chironomus sp. at middle and lower region of Jungrang stream. Dendrograms based on Sørensen`s similarity coefficients among the each site of three tributaries were made to compare their similarites. Similarities of all the sites at Chojong stream did not make any big difference; but, claen and unpolluted sites (K1, K9, K10) of Kyungan stream were clustered as a group as compared with the polluted sites (K3∼K8). The sites of Jungrang stream were generally divided into two clusters; clean (J1) and severely polluted with municipal sewages (J2∼J8).

서울 올림픽공원의 저서동물 군집분석 및 생물학적 수질평가

배경석(Kyung-seok Bae),조석주(Seok-ju Cho),윤종철(Jong-cheol Yoon) 대한환경위생공학회 2006 대한환경위생공학회지 Vol.21 No.2

Analysis of benthic macroinvertebrate community and biological estimation of water quality by the benthic macroinvertebrates were conducted at Olympic Park at its nearby waters in Seoul from December, 2004 to September, 2005. The benthic macrovertebrates were 49 species. Among them, 39 species of aquatic insects were included 11 species in odonata, 9 species in diptera, 7 species in herniptera, 6 species in coleoptera, 3 species in ephemeroptera, 2 species In trichoptera and 1 species in lepipdoptera, and 10 species of non-insects were 6 species in mollusca, 2 species in hirudinea and 2 species in oligochaeta. Species number of lakes, Seongnae Stream within and outside the Olympic Park was 25 species, 35 species and 33 species, respectively. Individual number of lakes, Seongnae Stream within and outside the Olympic Park was 131 inds/2.5m², 239 inds/2.5m², 556 inds/2.5m², respectively. Mean dominance indices of lakes, Seongnae Stream within and outside the Olympic Park was 0.74, 0.61 and 0.72, respectively. According to the saprobic system based on the ESB index(Ecological score of benthic macroinvertebrate community), all survey sites are β-mesosaprobic waters. To increase of abundance of benthic macroinvertebrates, regular interval monitoring has to be enforced and standard of water quality for the ecological ponds of Olympic Park has to be prepared.

곡릉천에서 미소서식지에 따른 저서성 대형무척추동물의 군집구조와 생태학적 동태

배경석 ( Kyung Seok Bae ) 한국하천호수학회 1993 생태와 환경 Vol.26 No.3

The present study was performed to examine the community structure and ecological characteristics of benthic macroinvertebrates according to the micro-habitats at Gokneung stream in national park of Mt. Bukhan in October 1992 through June 1993. Dissolved oxygen in Summer showed small fluctuations 8.6∼9.4mg/l range between upper and lower regions. Seasonal dissolved oxgen at lower region (Samha-ri) showed big fluctuation 9.4∼15.6mg/l hypersaturation range. Substratum particles at sampling sites composed of almost cobble (64∼256mm) except stagnant area and river bank area living in aquatic plants. The benthic macroinvertebrates composed of 78 species, 51 genera, 37 families, 15 orders, 7 classes in 4 phyla in the specimens. Among them, aquatic insects showed the most abundant species number with 66 species, 40 genera, 27 families in 7 orders. The occurrance species numbers at each sampling site appeared as 5-23 species range. This range generally showed big fluctuations between upper and lower regions and at each micro-habitat. The common dominant species were Ecdynurus Kibunensis, Baetis nla and Serratella rufa in Ephemeroptera and Hydropsyche KUa in Trichoptera at streamming and rippling areas, but they were Redix auricularia coreana in Mullusca at stagnant area. Dominance indices and species diversity indices were each 0.39∼0.93 range and 0.83∼3.39 range. These ranges showed big fluctuations between each micro-habitat. According to the saprobic system based on species diversity indices of benthic macroinvertebrates, Gokneung stream was severely fluctuated polysaprobic area to limnosaprobic area at between upper and lower regions.

조양강,동강의 저서무척추동물 군집 특성

배경석 ( Kyung Seok Bae ),여진동 ( Jin Dong Yeo ),최청일 ( Chung Il Choi ) 한국하천호수학회 2002 생태와 환경 Vol.35 No.5

1998년 9월 18일부터 1999년 7월 17일까지 한강상류의 조양강 및 동강수역의 본류 8개 지점과 지류천 7개 지점의 저서무척추동물을 조사하였다. 이들의 분류 군수는 총 4문 7강 15목 49과 144종으로 매우 다양하게 나타났다. 주요 분류군별로는 하루살이류 40종, 날도래류 33종, 파리류 26종, 강도래류 15종, 딱정벌레류 11종, 잠자리류 3종, 노린재류 2종, 뱀잠자리 2종, 연체동물류 5종, 환형동물류 4종, 편형동물류 2종, 갑각류 1종씩 출현하였다. 저서무척추동물중에서 서식처가 제한되고 청정수역에서 서식하는 대표적인 분류군인 강도래류와 하루살이류 일부, 날도래류 일부, 파리류 일부, 연체동물 일부를 포함하여 상당수가 매우 맑은 수역에서 출현하는 종들로 구성되어 있다. 또한 연체동물 중에서는 조양강 하류와 동강의 전 지역에서 분포하며, 특히 운치리에서 거운리 상류까지 사람의 접근이 용이하지 않은 수계에서는 수심이 50cm 이상 급류에 대량으로 서식하는 K. globus(염주알다슬기), K. nodifila(구슬알다슬기)등이 매우 풍부하게 분포하고 있다. 상기 연체동물들은 본 지역의 진탄나루터, 문산리 부근 등에서 많은 개체가 발견되는 L. noticulata(북방반딧불이)등의 유충의 먹이로 이용되어 반딧불이 유충 번식에 필수적인 종류들이다. 4차에 걸친 본 조사를 통하여 채집된 저서무척추동물중에서 법적인 보호종은 없었으나 수질이 맑은 수역에서 서식하는 종류들이 대부분을 차지하였다. 특히 전지역의 종다양성(평균 H`: 3.20~3.48)과 종풍부성(평균 RI: 3.00~3.96)이 매우 크며, 극히 안정적인 저서무척추동물 군집구조를 보여주고 있다. 이와같은 군집구조를 유지하는 종들은 총 144종의 출현종 중에서 19종의 정수 또는 정수 선호종을 제외하고는 125종 모두가 유수지역에서 서식하는 종들이었다. Quantitative and qualitative sampling of the benthic macroinvertebrates was conducted in September and October, 1998 and in April and July, 1999. The study area included 8 sites in main course of the Choyang and Dong River and at 7 sites in its tributaries. Benthic macroinvertebrates species observed in this area composed of 144 species, 49 families, 15 orders and 7 classes in 4 phyla. Aquatic insects consisted of 40 species of ephemeroptera, 33 species of trichoptera, 26 species of diptera, 15 species of plecoptera, 11 species of coleoptera, 3 species of odonata, 2 species of hemiptera and 2 species of megaloptera. Other benthic macroinvertebrates were comprised of 5 species of mollusca, 4 species of annelida, 2 species of platyhelminthes and 1 species of crustacea. Plecoptera, ephemeloptera, and trichoptera, which are indicator species of clean water, were abundant in the mountain stream. The mean values of species diversity index were in the very high range (3.20-3.48), indicating that community structure of macroinvertebrates in this area is stable.

지리산 천왕봉 일대의 저서무척추동물 군집분석 및 생물학적 수질평가

배경석(Kyung-Seok Bae),길혜경(Hye-Kyung Kil),유병태(8yong-Tae Yoo) 대한환경위생공학회 2003 대한환경위생공학회지 Vol.18 No.2

Analysis of benthic macro invertebrate community and biological estimation of water quality was conducted at the national park of Mt. Jiri and its nearby area in Gurye, Sancheong and Hadong-gun from Juneto November, 2002. Total taxa of benthic macroinvertebrates were 124 species, 45 families, 15 orders, 6 classes in 3 phyla. Aquatic insects were 33 species in ephemeroptera, 28 species in Trichoptera, 21 species in plecoptera, 13 species in Diptera, 8 species in odonata, 5 species in hemiptera and 5 species in coleoptera, respectively. Non-insects were 5 species in Mollusca, 2 species in Hirudinea, 1 species in oligochaeta and 1 species in crustacea, respectively. Ephemeroptera, trichoptera and plecoptera as indicators in clean water were very abundant. Occurrence species at each survey area was 68 species at Mt. lO25-goji. 59 species at Mt. Eungseok-bong, 57 species at Mt. Wangdeung-jae, 50 species at Mt. Cheonwang-bong and 39 species at Mt. 645-goji, respectively. Mean species diversity indices at Mt. Cheonwang-bong, Mt.1025-goji, Mt. Wangdeung-jae. Mt. Eungseok-bong and Mt. 645-goji were 3.33, 3.03, 3.41, 3.02 and 2.91. respectively. According to the saprobic system based on the species diversity indices of benthic macroinvertebrates, most survey areas except some sites are determined as Limnosaprobic area.

조양강,동강 일대 육상곤충 분포 및 변동

배경석 ( Kyung Seok Bae ),여진동 ( Jin Dong Yeo ),최청일 ( Chung Il Choi ) 한국하천호수학회 2002 생태와 환경 Vol.35 No.5

1998년 9월 18일부터 1999년 7월 17일까지 한강 상류의 조양강·동강 일대의 육상곤충에 대한 4회의 정기조사와 반딧불이를 포획하기 위한 1회의 추가 야간조사를 실시한 결과는 다음과 같다. 조사된 육상곤충의 분류군수는 총 16목 97과 316종으로 딱정벌레목 130종, 벌목 64종, 노린재목 38종, 나비목 29종, 파리목 20종, 메뚜기목 11종, 날도래목 6종, 잠자리목 4종, 매미목 4종, 하루살이목 3종, 사마귀목 2종, 그리고 바퀴목, 집게벌레목, 대벌레목, 풀잠자리목 및 밑들이목이 각각 1종씩 출현하였다. 월별 출현종수는 10월에 29종, 9월에 80종, 7월에 129종, 5~6월에 157종 순으로 나타나 봄과 여름에 출현종수가 훨씬 풍부하였다. 지역별로는 30~122종으로 중류의 운치리에서 가장 많은 종수가 출현하였다. `99년 6월의 추가조사를 통하여 딱정벌레중에서 파라리 반딧불이(H. papariensis)와 북방반딧불이(L. noctiluca)의 서식을 확인하였다. 이들 중 북방반딧불이는 과거 1930년대 이후 거의 보고가 없었던 매우 희귀한 종이며, 동강지역에서의 첫 보고라는 점에서 그 가치는 매우 크다고 할 수 있다. 본 조사에서 문애리의 문산나루터 옆으로 유입되는 지천일대에서는 파파리반딧불이 4개체, 기화천일대에서는 북방반딧불이 2개체, 파파리반딧불이 8개체를 채집하였다. 특히 기화천일대에서는 1회 야간조사에서 100개체 이상이 눈으로 확인되어 이들 개체군들이 매우 풍부한 것으로 나타나 이 지역의 반딧불이 서식처가 훼손되지 않도록 특별히 보호할 필요가 있다. This survey to evaluate the terrestrial insect fauna and their distribution patterns was conducted at the Choyang and Dong River basin in Korea. It was performed 4 times in September and October of 1998 and in May and July of 1999. A survey for firefly in coleoptera was also carried out on June 11th and 12th of 1999. Total terrestrial insects observed were 316 species, 97 families in 16 orders. they were composed of: 130 species of coleoptera, 64 species of hymenoptera, 38 species of hemiptera, 29 species of lepidoptera, 20 species of diptera, 11 species of orthoptera, 6 species of tricoptera, 4 species of odonata, 4 species of homoptera, 3 species of dermaptera, 1 species of phasmida, 1 species of neuroptera and 1 species of mecoptera. Temporal species abundance was high(>129 species) from May to July. Spatially, the most abundant occurrences was observed in Unchi-ri(Beonyung). In our survey, the firefly Hotaria parariensis and Lampyris noctiluca in coleoptera were collected. L. nodicula was first reported in a record during the 1930`s. Observations of over 100 individuals of H. parariensis and L. noctiluca near the Kiwha stream suggests that this area provides an environmentally important habitat for fire flies to sustain.