전업농의 투자행위 분석과 정책방향

박준기(Joon-kee Park),황의식(Eui-sik Hwang),김미복(Mee-bok Kim) 한국농촌경제연구원 2010 한국농촌경제연구원 기본연구보고서 Vol.- No.-

농가경영안정지원제도 운영 실태와 정책과제 (1/2차연도)

박준기(Park Joon-kee),김태곤(Kim Tae-gon),유찬희(Rhew Chan-hee),김영준(Kim Young-june),전지연(Jeon Ji-yeon) 한국농촌경제연구원 2014 한국농촌경제연구원 기본연구보고서 Vol.- No.-

농어촌특별세의 운용실태와 정책과제

박준기(Joon-kee Park),김미복(Mi-bok Kim),윤종열(Jong-yeol Yoon),이동필 한국농촌경제연구원 2012 한국농촌경제연구원 정책연구보고서 Vol.- No.-

지방자치단체의 농업부문 투융자 실태와 정책과제

박준기(Joon-Kee Park),박성재(Seong-Jae Park),김광수(Kwang-Soo Kim) 한국농촌경제연구원 2011 한국농촌경제연구원 기본연구보고서 Vol.- No.-

The purpose of this study is to analyze the actual condition of the agricultural investment policy system and to propose directions of improvement in the position of a local government. The UR agreement in 1992 and the progress of localization brought a paradigm shift of agricultural investment policy. The system of agricultural investment policy was changed from a top-down system to a bottom-up system. This shift meant that the price support by the government was abolished and the policy consumers (local government, farmers and the agencies concerned) can apply for their required businesses to the central government or a local government. Because of localization and the bottom-up system, the role of local governments has been becoming significant. Local governments are playing an important role in implementing agricultural policy in farming fields and rural districts. But until now, the analyses and researches of the agricultural investment system have been performed in the viewpoint of the central government. Many researchers presumed that the central government and local governments would have the same purpose and direction of agricultural investment policy. As the analysis results of the current situation of agricultural investment policy show, local governments have some different purpose of agricultural policy from the central government. The central government has been trying to improve the competitiveness of agriculture, increase farm size, and promote specialized farming. But the first purpose of local governments is to maintain or increase their local communities. The local governments that have lots of disadvantageous areas in their administrative districts make full use of agricultural investment policy for achieving their first purpose, that is, to keep their community. The central government and a local government should have a correct understanding that the purpose of agricultural investment policy might be different between the two governments. However, a local government has weak fiscal power and it is almost impossible for the local government to perform its own agricultural investment policy without support from the central government. Because of that, the current system of agricultural investment policy needs to be changed in the position of a local government, following the localization paradigm. On the basis of the analyses of the current agricultural investment system, this study suggested some policy directions for improving the performance of agricultural investment policy. First, it is important to reshape the principle and role of agricultural investment policy between the central government and a local government. The agricultural investment system needs to be changed to enlarge the autonomy of a local government. The concrete methods are diversification of agricultural investment supporting means, expansion of the block grant system, and reduction of inefficient farm input support. Second, it needs to improve the effectiveness of agricultural investment policy. Many public officials in charge of implementing agricultural policy insisted that the communication system between the central government and a local government must be improved to increase the effectiveness of agricultural investment policy. And it is important to improve the follow-up control system of agricultural investment policy and merge similar unit investment businesses.

농업보조금 개편 방안 연구

박성재(Seong-jae Park),박준기(Joon-kee Park),송주호(Ju-ho Song),채광석(Gwang-seok Chae),문한필(Han-pil Moon) 한국농촌경제연구원 2011 한국농촌경제연구원 정책연구보고서 Vol.- No.-

This study is aimed to suggest how to improve performance and efficiency of government subsidy programs for agricultural sector. More specifically, it is designed to address followings: First, general definition of agricultural support and the classified catalogue of WTO domestic support are reviewed. Second, the current status of agricultural support is examined and a direction of its reform is proposed. Third, an appropriate size of agricultural support is considered. Finally, it suggests ways to revamp direct payments, individual subsidy programs, and the management system of implementing agricultural support, which are major issues in the agricultrual support reform. Agricultural subsidies have brought about a set of positive effects on competitiveness, SOC, R&D, and restructuring in the sector, even though too many subsidy programs, each having different goal and target and inefficiency of their implementation have been pinpointed as shortcomings. However, agricultural subsidies have also produced some adverse effects on the sector. First, they have spurred dependence on government aids and weaken farmers’ ability to stand on their own. Second, problems associated with direct payment are pointed out, including its concentration on rice and paddy field, overproduction of rice, a lack of incentive for upland field corps which are in short of production. Third, the projects as FTA countermeasures have so high portion of support, 74.4% that much concern is being voiced about deepening dependence on government and excess demand for the pojects. Fourth, there exist inefficient factors in the management system of budget and fund. Finally, government-oriented fiscal funds would stand in the way of private investment in agriculture. This study focuses on the reforms of direct payments, individual subsidy programs, and their implementing system. The principle of the reforms is based on the consensus from the ’Committee of Advanced Agriculture and Fishery(2009.07)’. Each subsidy program is reconsidered to determine whether it should be abolished, be integrated with other program, be changed to loan program, or be adjusted with lower share of support, and so on. In this stage, the reform of agricultural direct payments would be conducted focusing on the modification of rice direct payment. In order to mitigate overproduction of rice, the variable payment needs to be coupled with production costs. The newly discussed public-service direct payment is not widely shared opinions yet and would be difficult in securing enough fund for implementation. However, in the near future when further opening of domestic agriculture starts to lower profitability of upland crops, a comprehensive reform of agricultural direct payments will be required.

농업 · 농촌에 대한 2012년 국민의식 조사 결과

김동원(Dong-Weon Kim),박준기(Joon-Kee Park),윤종열(Jong-yul Yun),박혜진(Hye-Jin Park) 한국농촌경제연구원 2012 한국농촌경제연구원 연구자료 Vol.- No.-

In [2012 Public Opinion Survey to Agriculture & Farm village] conducted by KREI in order to support the development of research demands and the establishment of policies, the trend which the opinions of farmers are changed into the positive in "a living in farm village" and the negative in "agriculture" has been shown. Satisfaction of farm village conditions is continuously increased recently over years. Job satisfaction, however, declines for two consecutive years. In addition, the anxiety to the future has been expressed showing gloomy prospect to agricultural situation after 10 years reaches to two times of hopeful forecast. 9 of 10 citizens answer that agriculture is important in national economy and the government should protect the agriculture but in detailed indicator, the support rating to agriculture & farm village declines. The ratio to approve the function of public interest in agriculture & farm village and the will to pay additional tax are decreased, 6 of 10 citizens have the recognition that "as the open-door is extended, consumers will have benefits", and the loyalties to purchase domestic produced agricultural products that "even the price is high, our agricultural products should be bought" remained to 34.1% dropped recently over three years. People evaluates that agricultural policy during five years of current government did good in "production based policy" and "returning to farm village policy" and did bad in "the policy of agricultural products price stablization" and "farmers" income stablization policy". It is indicated that people considers the threatening elements of agriculture are "expanding open-door" and "aging of farm village households" and farmers consider "extreme weather condition and the change of planting condition" as a big threat. As for agricultural policy area which next government should focus the most, citizens answered as in order of agriculture, foods, and farm village, farmers as agriculture, farm village, and foods in order, and specialists as in order of farm village, agriculture, and foods. This has shown the difference in priority. As for agricultural issues which next government should solve, "aging and insufficient labors" are answered as first and "the gap of income between citizens and farmers" and "the improvement of distribution structure" are also answered as main tasks. As for the distribution of agricultural budget, citizens consider "foods safety" as a priority but farmers "self-sufficiency rate of food" and specialists "global competitiveness of agriculture". 5 of 10 citizens answered to have the will to return to farm village but 44.7% doesn"t know the support policy. Therefore, more active promotion should be made. It is indicated that the gap in satisfactions of living environment and quality of life between citizens and farmers has been largely reduced. In this survey before the launch of next government, it is recognized a variety of policy needs of farmers who are producers, citizens who are consumers, and specialists. We expect that such opinions would be reflected to the establishment of future visions and policies for agriculture and farm village and therefore, the effectiveness of these policies is to be raised.

농업 · 농촌정책의 연속성 제고를 위한 농정 추진체계 정비의 방향과 과제

송미령(Mi-Ryung Song),박준기(Joon-Kee Park),김광선(Kwang-Sun Kim),권인혜(In-Hye Kwon) 한국농촌경제연구원 2013 한국농촌경제연구원 기본연구보고서 Vol.- No.-

There exist some criticisms of agricultural and rural policy in terms of policy continuity that include unexpected policy changes according to replacement of government or minister, discordance among policy factors causing inconsistency, and lack of consistency between central government and local government occurring in the process of policy delivery. The purpose of this study is to find the problems concerning the discontinuity of policy implementation system and to suggest organization directions to improve reliability, efficiency and rationality of the agricultural and rural policy in the view of policy continuity. For this research, we examined relevant laws and policies and performed a literature review concerning the policy implementation conditions with respect to policy continuity or policy consistency. We also carried out interviews with several mayors and local government officials in search of local conditions and problems pertaining to continuity of policy implementation. Analysis about a particular policy case(Agricultural policy) and a project case(New-vitality project) was performed as well. In order to evaluate the present policy conditions and to find clues to seek the improvement directions, we conducted first and second round delphi surveys constituting a professional panel of thirty persons in the agricultural and rural policy field. Lastly, using Q-methodology, we tried to draw several important discourses among the professionals and utilized the analytical result to obtain useful perspectives and to check the research direction. From the results of this study, we suggested organization directions and challenges of agricultural and rural policy for the improvement of policy continuity. The organization directions we propose include; (ⅰ) to simplify the planning system, (ⅱ) to establish a medium or long-term integrated plan which has binding power by means of strengthening the linkage between planning and the budget, (ⅲ) practical constitution and management of committees at each level of government, (ⅳ) to assure that national and local government organizations in charge of agricultural and rural policy maintain responsibilities for a certain period of time, (ⅴ) management of special account, (ⅵ) to expand grants tailored to the particularities of different cases, (ⅶ) to amend the implementation guidelines for agricultural and forestry programs, (ⅷ) to reinforce the evaluation of the outcomes of agricultural and rural policies and the feedback process based on the evaluation results. Policy continuity doesn"t necessarily mean that a certain policy should continue unconditionally. A policy that is out of social and economic validity or that has uncertain outcomes must be revised or terminated. But if a policy is determined based on the right demand and consensus, it is important to organize the implementation system assuring effective and efficient implementation of the policy for a certain period of time. The organization of the system includes modifying the system of laws and plans, reorganizing the organizations responsible for agricultural and rural policy, carrying out budget projects, and allocating effective roles among central government, local government, and private-sector bodies, etc. As the result of those efforts, it would be possible to enhance the policy outcomes and establish policy credibility.

농업부문 자조금 운영실태와 개선방안

박성재(Seong-Jae Park),박준기(Joon-Kee Park),정원호(Wonho Chung),임지은(Ji-Eun Lim) 한국농촌경제연구원 2012 한국농촌경제연구원 기본연구보고서 Vol.- No.-

연구의 배경 시장개방에 대응한 농업 생존전략의 하나로 논의된 우리나라 자조금은 20년 전 출범하여 현재 34개 품목(원예 25, 축산 9)에서 운영되고 있다. 자조금제도는 축산자조금법(축산자조금의 조성 및 운용에 관한 법률)과 농안법에 근거하고 있으며 내년에는 농수산부문 자조금법(농수산자조금의 조성 및 운용에 관한 법률) 또한 시행될 예정이다. 이렇듯 농업부문 자조금제도의 법적 근거는 마련되어 있으나 정책적으로는 명확한 중장기 비전이 마련되지 않았다. 대부분의 자조금이 설립된 지 얼마 되지 않아 기금규모가 영세하고, 관리운영 효율성 등의 측면에서 미흡한 점이 지적되고 있다. 자조금의 건실한 발전을 유도하고, 자조금의 설치 목적 달성을 위한 대책 마련이 시급하다. 연구방법 이 연구에서는 수산자조금을 제외한 농업부문 자조금 전반을 대상으로 자조금의 운영 실태를 파악하고 중장기 정책방향의 설정과 발전단계 등을 감안한 자조금 유형별로 구체적인 제도 개선 방안을 제시하고자 한다. 자조금유형은 의무자조금, 의무자조금 준비단계의 임의자조금, 임의자조금 세 가지로 구분하였다. 기존 선행연구 분석, 자조금단체 방문조사, 외국 자조금제도의 운영방식과 시사점에 대한 분석, 미국 자조금단체 방문조사, 관련 전문가와의 정책토론회를 통한 의견 수렴 등의 방법을 활용하여 연구를 진행하였다. 연구결과 및 시사점 자조금의 운영실태 분석 결과 자조금제도 본연의 취지를 왜곡시킬 수 있는 제도적 결함이 드러났다. 직접 생산자가 아닌 생산자단체만으로 자조금 단체를 결성할 수 있고, 일부 중대농 중심의 자조금 운영이 가능하며, 자조금의 자기 발전동기가 약해서 영세성이 지속될 우려가 있다. 정부와 자조금의 역할 분담 불명확, 자조금에 대한 농가의 낮은 인식도, 자조금의 거출안확립 등의 문제를 바탕으로 자조금제도의 개선방안으로 10가지를 제안하였다. 첫째, 자조금의 정책방향을 ‘자조금 조성의 촉진’에서 ‘자조금의 건실한 발전’으로 전환하도록 한다. 생산자가 조성하는 자조금이 되어야 하며, 모든 부과대상자의 의사가 반영될 수 있는 지배구조를 확립해야 한다. 둘째, 자조금의 발전단계별로 각 유형에 맞는 정책을 추진하도록 한다. 의무자조금 준비단계에 있는 자조금은 설치요건을 개선하고, 임의자조금에 대해서는 생산자의 인식제고와 참여확대에 역점을 둔다. 셋째, 의무자조금의 거출을 정부가 담당하는 방안에 대해서 신중한 검토가 필요하다. 넷째, 자조금의 존폐문제와 같은 중대한 사안에 대해서는 반드시 회원 전원의 투표를 통해 결정하도록 해야 한다. 다섯째, 신문·방송의 직접광고에 정부 보조금 사용을 막는 축산자조금법의 개정이 필요하다. 여섯째, 자조금 관리운영비의 상한선을 법규에 의해 경직적으로 정하기보다 현실적으로 조정할 수 있도록 해야 한다. 일곱째, 임의자조금의 의무자조금화를 촉진하기 위해 임의자조금으로 존속연수가 10년이 넘는 경우 정부 보조금의 지급 수준을 낮추는 것을 고려할 필요가 있다. 여덟째, 품목 성격에 따라 ‘자율적 수급조절’이 의미가 다를 것이므로 이와 관련된 사항은 각 자조금의 정관에 선택적으로 수용토록 해야 한다. 아홉째, 영세자조금의 업무 효율성과 전문성 증진을 위한 공동협력(공동사무실, 회계, 광고회사 등)을 강력히 지도할 필요가 있다. 열째, 자조금 소비촉진 등 성과 제고를 위해 관련 자료의 과학적 관리와 분석을 위한 노력을 강화해야 한다. Background of Research Agricultural checkoff programs have been operating for about 20 years in Korea. They commenced with the purpose of protecting agricultural producers" interests in response to the openness of agricultural markets. Although there is an institutional framework for the checkoff programs, some limitations remain in the operations and management. This study aims to suggest specific measures to improve agricultural checkoff programs in Korea. Method of Research This study deals with whole agricultural checkoff programs, which are subsidized in the form of matching fund by the government, except fisheries checkoff programs. Prior to starting research, we examined the issues of checkoff programs through previous studies. Information and opinions on checkoff programs were collected through visits to checkoff organizations (including the U.S. checkoff boards and offices) and the government sponsored evaluation team which assesses the operations of horticultural checkoff programs. In addition, improvement measures were discussed in the policy forum held by KREI. Research Results and Implications In this study, we suggest ten improvement measures based on the analysis of checkoff programs in Korea and other countries. First, it is time to change the policy direction of checkoff programs from “initiation of checkoff programs” to “"soundness of checkoff programs”. Second, for effective policy implementation, the checkoff programs should be categorized into three groups: mandatory checkoff programs, mandatory checkoff programs in the preparatory phase, and voluntary checkoff programs. Third, for the mandatory checkoff programs, we should carefully consider the advantages and disadvantages of letting the government collect levies. Fourth, continuation or termination of the program should be decided by all members, not by the board of representatives. Fifth, the Livestock Checkoff Act, which prohibits the use of government subsidy for TV or radio advertising, should be revised. Sixth, the ceiling on operating expenses for checkoff programs needs to be flexible to be adjusted if needed. Seventh, to encourage the voluntary checkoff program to move to mandatory program, the rate of government subsidy needs to be lowered for the voluntary programs older than 10 years. Eighth, the “voluntary supply-demand adjustment”, which is one of the functions of the checkoff program stated in the Checkoff Act, should be selectively applicable to individual commodity checkoff program under its article of association, allowing for its unique features. Ninth, cooperation among small checkoff programs will be desirable and needs to be supported by the government for efficient management. Tenth, to improve the performance of the checkoff programs, data management and analyses should be conducted and supervised in a scientific manner.

농업경쟁력 평가지표 개발 연구

이병훈(Byoung-Hoon Lee),윤영석(Yeong-Seok Yoon),윤종열(Jong-Yeol Yoon),박준기(Joon-Kee Park),양승룡(Seung-Ryong Yang) 한국농촌경제연구원 2013 한국농촌경제연구원 정책연구보고서 Vol.- No.-

농가특성별 쌀소득보전직불제의 소득 효과 분석

민선형 ( Sun Hyung Min ),김관수 ( Kwan Soo Kim ),박준기 ( Joon Kee Park ),안동환 ( Dong Hwan An ) 한국농업경제학회 2015 農業經濟硏究 Vol.56 No.4

This paper evaluates the income effects of the direct income compensation payment program for rice farmers and investigates the determinants of income effects using farm household economy survey data during 2003-2012. The effects of the direct payment program were measured by first and second moments (mean and variance) and coefficient of variation (CV) of income distribution. We simulate changes in mean by direct payment to measure income enhancement effects and simulate changes in CV by direct payment to measure income stabilization effects. The empirical results reveal that i) the direct payment program contributes to both mean and variance of farm household income; and ii) over 70 ages, total land, and farm type variables have positive effect on income enhancement and income stabilization.