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Selective Laser Melting (SLM) 방식 3D Printing으로 제조한 스테인레스 316L 기계적 물성 분석
박순홍(Sun Hong Park),장진영(Jin Young Jang),노용오(Yong Oh Noh),배병현(Byung Hyun Bae),이병호(Byong Ho Rhee),어두림(Du Rim Eo),조중욱(Jung Wook Cho) 한국추진공학회 2017 한국추진공학회 학술대회논문집 Vol.2017 No.5
금속 소재부품의 제조 형태가 복잡해지고 소비자의 요구가 다양함에 따라 금속 3D 프린팅 연구가 활발히 진행되고 있다. 본 연구에서는 우주 발사체의 엔진 연소 노즐 부품에 적용 가능한 스테인레스 316L계 금속을 3D 프린팅 방식으로 제조하고 이에 대한 기계적, 화학적 특성 상관 연구를 진행하였다. 금속 3D 프린팅 기술은 레이저원을 이용하여 분말을 급속 용융과 응고를 반복됨에 따라 기존의 주조 응고와는 다른 미세 조직 형태를 나타내고, 이에 따라 기계적 물성이 변화함을 관찰하였다. 특히 개재물의 존재에 따라 기계적 특성이 변화하고 공정 조건의 변화에 따라 기공의 형태 및 위치등이 변화하는 것을 확인하였다. Laser Based 3D Printing is an recently advance manufacturing technology for making complex shape comopnent such as automobile and aerospace. So in this article, stainless steel 316L was manufactured by Selective Laser Melting (SLM) and Laser Melting Deposition (LMD) method. SLM is an additive manufacturing process that allow for the manufacture of small and complex component by laser melting and solidification of powder in bed using a high intensity laser beam. The results showed that the laser scanning speed and laser power affects the defect, microstructure and the hardness of the components.
Laser Cladding 공정으로 제조된 Tribaloy T-800 코팅 소재의 미세조직 및 용융 Al 침식 특성
김경욱,함기수,박순홍,이기안,Kim, Kyoung-Wook,Ham, Gi-Su,Park, Sun-Hong,Lee, Kee-Ahn 한국분말야금학회 2020 한국분말재료학회지 (KPMI) Vol.27 No.3
A T-800 (Co-Mo-Cr) coating material is fabricated using Co-Mo-Cr powder feedstock and laser cladding. The microstructure and melted Al erosion properties of the laser-cladded T-800 coating material are investigated. The Al erosion properties of the HVOF-sprayed MoB-CoCr and bulk T-800 material are also examined and compared with the laser-cladded T-800 coating material. Co and lave phases (Co<sub>2</sub>MoCr and Co<sub>3</sub>Mo<sub>2</sub>Si) are detected in both the laser-cladded T-800 coating and the bulk T-800 materials. However, the sizes of the lave phases are measured as 7.9 ㎛ and 60.6 ㎛ for the laser-cladded and bulk T-800 materials, respectively. After the Al erosion tests, the erosion layer thicknesses of the three materials are measured as 91.50 ㎛ (HVOF MoB-CoCr coating), 204.83 ㎛ (laser cladded T-800), and 226.33 ㎛ (bulk T-800). In the HVOF MoB-CoCr coating material, coarse cracks and delamination of the coating layer are observed. On the other hand, no cracks or local delamination of the coating layer are detected in the laser T-800 material even after the Al erosion test. Based on the above results, the authors discuss the appropriate material and process that could replace conventional bulk T-800 materials used as molten Al pots.
High Velocity Oxygen Fuel 공정으로 제조된 Ni 계 자용성 복합 코팅 소재의 미세조직과 마모 특성에 미치는 고주파 열처리의 영향
위동열,함기수,박순홍,이기안,Wi, Dong-Yeol,Ham, Gi-Su,Park, Sun-Hong,Lee, Kee-Ahn 한국분말야금학회 2019 한국분말재료학회지 (KPMI) Vol.26 No.5
In this study, the formation, microstructure, and wear properties of Colmonoy 88 (Ni-17W-15Cr-3B-4Si wt.%) + Stellite 1 (Co-32Cr-17W wt.%) coating layers fabricated by high-velocity oxygen fuel (HVOF) spraying are investigated. Colmonoy 88 and Stellite 1 powders were mixed at a ratio of 1:0 and 5:5 vol.%. HVOF sprayed self-fluxing composite coating layers were fabricated using the mixed powder feedstocks. The microstructures and wear properties of the composite coating layers are controlled via a high-frequency heat treatment. The two coating layers are composed of ${\gamma}-Ni$, $Ni_3B$, $W_2B$, and $Cr_{23}C_6$ phases. Co peaks are detected after the addition of Stellite 1 powder. Moreover, the WCrB2 hard phase is detected in all coating layers after the high-frequency heat treatment. Porosities were changed from 0.44% (Colmonoy 88) to 3.89% (Colmonoy 88 + ST#1) as the content of Stellite 1 powder increased. And porosity is denoted as 0.3% or less by inducing high-frequency heat treatment. The wear results confirm that the wear property significantly improves after the high-frequency heat treatment, because of the presence of well-controlled defects in the coating layers. The wear surfaces of the coated layers are observed and a wear mechanism for the Ni-based self-fluxing composite coating layers is proposed.
선택적 레이저 용융 공정으로 제조된 AISI 316L 합금의 인장 및 충격 인성 특성에 미치는 응력 완화 열처리의 영향
양동훈,함기수,박순홍,이기안,Yang, Dong-Hoon,Ham, Gi-Su,Park, Sun-Hong,Lee, Kee-Ahn 한국분말재료학회 (*구 분말야금학회) 2021 한국분말재료학회지 (KPMI) Vol.28 No.4
In this study, an AISI 316 L alloy was manufactured using a selective laser melting (SLM) process. The tensile and impact toughness properties of the SLM AISI 316 L alloy were examined. In addition, stress relieving heat treatment (650℃ / 2 h) was performed on the as-built SLM alloy to investigate the effects of heat treatment on the mechanical properties. In the as-built SLM AISI 316 L alloy, cellular dendrite and molten pool structures were observed. Although the molten pool did not disappear following heat treatment, EBSD KAM analytical results confirmed that the fractions of the low- and high-angle boundaries decreased and increased, respectively. As the heat treatment was performed, the yield strength decreased, but the tensile strength and elongation increased only slightly. Impact toughness results revealed that the impact energy increased by 33.5% when heat treatment was applied. The deformation behavior of the SLM AISI 316 L alloy was also examined in relation to the microstructure through analyses of the tensile and impact fracture surfaces.
선택적 레이저 용융법으로 제조한 316L 스테인리스강의 기계적 이방성에 미치는 기공의 영향
박정민,전진명,김정기,성유진,박순홍,김형섭,Park, Jeong Min,Jeon, Jin Myoung,Kim, Jung Gi,Seong, Yujin,Park, Sun Hong,Kim, Hyoung Seop 한국분말재료학회 (*구 분말야금학회) 2018 한국분말재료학회지 (KPMI) Vol.25 No.6
Selective laser melting (SLM), a type of additive manufacturing (AM) technology, leads a global manufacturing trend by enabling the design of geometrically complex products with topology optimization for optimized performance. Using this method, three-dimensional (3D) computer-aided design (CAD) data components can be built up directly in a layer-by-layer fashion using a high-energy laser beam for the selective melting and rapid solidification of thin layers of metallic powders. Although there are considerable expectations that this novel process will overcome many traditional manufacturing process limits, some issues still exist in applying the SLM process to diverse metallic materials, particularly regarding the formation of porosity. This is a major processing-induced phenomenon, and frequently observed in almost all SLM-processed metallic components. In this study, we investigate the mechanical anisotropy of SLM-produced 316L stainless steel based on microstructural factors and highly-oriented porosity. Tensile tests are performed to investigate the microstructure and porosity effects on mechanical anisotropy in terms of both strength and ductility.
금속 3D 프린터 제작조건 변화에 의한 금속소재 물성변화연구
노용오(Yong-oh Noh),이병호(Byung-ho Rhee),박순홍(Sun-hong Park),한영민(Yeoung-min Han),배병현(Byunghyun Bae),김영준(Young-june Kim),조황래(Hwang-rae Cho),현성윤(Seong-yoon Hyun),방정석(Jeong-suk Bang) 한국추진공학회 2017 한국추진공학회 학술대회논문집 Vol.2017 No.5
우주 발사체의 운반능력을 향상시키기 위하여 고성능 다단연소사이클 엔진의 개발은 필수적이다. 그 중 연소기 헤드는 기체산화제의 유입을 위해 콘 형상으로 되어 있으며, 매니폴드는 매우 복잡한 구조를 가지고 있다. 이러한 헤드는 주조 방식이나 기계가공으로 제작되어 왔다. 기계가공의 한계나 주조재질의 특성과 재료의 한계성을 탈피하여 복잡하고 가공이 어려운 연소기 헤드의 제작 공정을 3D 금속 프린팅 공정을 이용하여 개선하는 기술을 확보하고자 한다. 현재 3D 금속 프린팅을 이용하여 주연소기에 사용할 수 있는 소재의 물성을 파악하고 프린팅 제작조건의 변화를 주는 공정개발을 통하여 더욱 낳은 물성을 확보하고, 이를 바탕으로 연소기 헤드를 제작하고, 접합공정을 개발하여 연소시험을 통해 그 성능을 입증하고 제작공정을 확립하고자 한다. The development of a staged combustion cycle engine with higher perfomance is essential to provide higher transport capability of space launch vehicles. The combustor head of engine has a cone-shaped head and its manifold of combustor has a very complicated structure. The head and manifold have been manufactured by casting or machining methode. Metal 3D printing technologies are recently known as one of promising methods to improve manufacturing process for them because they are possible to over come limitations of the two methods. In this paper, a selective laser sintering method is used to make test materials and their physical properties are studying by changing its operation parameters to establish the better processing conditions. It is found that the 3D printing method is acceptable to manufacturing the head or manifold of combustor for staged combustion cycle engine.