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비단풀 에탄올추출물의 멜라닌 합성 억제 및 항산화 효과
박설아 ( Seol A Park ),고경숙 ( Kyoung Sook Ko ),우원홍 ( Won Hong Woo ),문연자 ( Yeun Ja Mun ) 한국미용학회 2015 한국미용학회지 Vol.21 No.6
This study was performed to investigate the antioxidant activities and the melanin synthesis inhibitory effects of Ceramium kondoi extracts. Ceramium kondoi was extracted with 100% ethanol. The anti-oxidative and whitening effects of extracts were determined by in vitro assays using the 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) method and inhibitory effects of the Ceramium kondoi extract against collagenase and tyrosinase in B16F10 melanoma cells. The results have been revealed that Ceramium kondoi extract significantly reduced intracellular tyrosinase activity and melanin synthesis in B16F10 cell. Furthermore, decreased the expression of melanogenic enzymes in B16F10 cells. Additionally, Ceramium kondoi inhibited the α-melanocyte stimulating hormone(α-MSH)-induced. Also, Ceramium kondoi showed high efficacy in DPPH radical scavenging activity and collgenase activity. In conclusion, it was indicated that Ceramium kondoi could be utilized as whitening cosmetic ingredients.
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박설아 ( Seol A Park ),문연자 ( Yeun Ja Mun ),우원홍 ( Won Hong Woo ),고경숙 ( Kyoung Sook Ko ) 한국미용학회 2015 한국미용학회지 Vol.21 No.3
Heracleum moellendorffii has been used as food in Korea. Traditionally, Heracleum moellendorffii has been used for high-fever, low back pain and skin diseases. The purpose of this study was to investigate the anti-melanogenic effect of Heracleum moellendorffii extract. The effect of the extract on tyrosinase activity and melanin content were determined spectrophotometrically; the expression of melanogenesis-related proteins was determined by western blotting. The results have been revealed that Heracleum moellendorffii extract significantly reduced intracellular tyrosinase activity, melanin synthesis and dendritic formation in B16F10 cell. Furthermore, Heracleum moellendorffii decreased the expression of melanogenic enzymes like as tyrosinase, tyrosinase-related protein-1(TRP-1) and tyrosinaserelated protein-2 (TRP-2) in B16F10 cells. Additionally, Heracleum moellendorffii inhibited the α-melanocyte stimulating hormone(α-MSH)-induced tyrosinase activity, melanin synthesis, over-expression of the tyrosinase, TRP-1 and TRP-2. These results show that antimelanogenic activity of Heracleum moellendorffii is correlated with the suppression of melanogenic enzyme expressions in B16F10 cells.In conclusion, it was indicated that Heracleum moellendorffii could be utilized as whitening cosmetic ingredients.
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단말기 약정보조금의 부가가치세법상 매출에누리 인정 여부
박설아 ( Seol Ah Park ) 법조협회 2016 法曹 Vol.65 No.5
Mobile communications business operators have been giving handset contract subsidies to consumers who agree to continue mandatory use of their mobile communication service for a certain period of time in order to secure more stable customers. In this situation, arguments is still progressing on whether handset contract subsidies should be excluded from the tax base of the value-added tax as discount amount of sales. In this connection, two remarkable judgments have been recently rendered. The Supreme Court Decision 2013Du19615 (Dec. 23, 2015) deems that the handset contract subsidies given by KT in a closed distribution system, since being discount amounts of sales related to the supply transaction between KT and its agencies, should be deducted from the value of supplied handsets. In addition, the Seoul Administrative Court Decision Guhap64759 (Jan. 28, 2014) views that the handset contract subsidies given by SKT in an open distribution system, since being discount amounts of sales related to the supply transaction, should not be deducted from the value of supplied handsets. Both Decisions above, though having something in common in viewing handset contract subsidies as discount amounts of sales relating to the supply transaction, suggest quite different conclusions. Consumers, though being given the same amount of handset contract subsidies while buying the same model of a handset, bear a different amount of value-added tax, depending on whether they subscribe for KT mobile service or SKT mobile service. This is because SKT, not directly being involved in the supply of handset transactions differently from KT, cannot have the subsidies deducted from the value of supplied handsets in the calculation of tax base of the value-added tax. This is contrary to the principle of neutral taxation. Looking into the payment scheme of handset contract subsidies, the subsidies have something to do with the mobile communications service transactions between mobile communications business operators and their consumers, irrespective of the type of handset distribution system. In addition, when concluding a mobile communications service contract with a consumer, if the mobile communications business operator gives the whole amount of handset contract subsidy to the consumer at a time, such a subsidy cannot be accepted as a discount amount of sales, since it does not meet the requirement for direct deduction. On the contrary, if the operator gives the subsidy to the consumer in such a way of deducting a certain amount from the monthly mobile communications service fees paid by the consumer, there is a possibility that the subsidy, being accepted as a discount amount of sales of the mobile communications service transaction, may be deducted from the tax base of the value-added tax. The writer cannot agree with any conclusion of the two Decisions.
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박설아(Seol Ah Park),류석진(Seok Jin Lew) 한국정당학회 2013 한국정당학회보 Vol.12 No.2
본 논문의 목적은 독일 해적당의 등장과 발전과정을 통해 이슈정당의 가능성과 한계를 검토하는 것이다. 현존하는 민주주의 정치체제에서 새롭게 등장하는 정당들의 가장 큰 특징은 특정이슈에 초점을 맞추고 정치적 영향력을 발휘한다는 점이다. 여러 이슈정당 중에서도 독일 해적당은 탈물질주의적 가치 변화와 정보통신기술의 발달에 힘입어 정보사회 이슈를 제기하면서 적극적인 정치 참여를 도모할 뿐만 아니라, 최근 지방의회선거에서 잇달아 성공을 거두었고 독일 정당 체계 내에서 강력한 정치세력으로 자리매김하고 있다. 따라서 본 논문은 독일 해적당이 다른 국가의 해적당에 비해, 그리고 독일 내 다른 군소정당에 비해 단기간에 성공한 요인을 분석하여 이슈정당의 발전가능성을 살펴보고자 한다. 사회 운동에서 출발한 독일의 해적당은 의회 진출 이후 이데올로기적 모호성과 유동적인 지지층, 그리고 검증되지 않은 새로운 기제의 예상하지 못한 부작용 등 앞으로 해결해야 할 많은 문제들을 가지고 있다. 그러나 독일 해적당이 전통적인 거대정당이 간과하는 특정 이슈에 초점을 맞추어 선거제도를 적절하게 활용하고 특정 이슈에 정당 프로그램을 집중하며 수평적인 네트워크와 소셜 거버넌스를 시도하여 이슈정당으로서 새로운 정치세력화에 커다란 성공을 거두었음은 주목할 만하다. This article aims to explore how the pirate party emerged as a new force in German politics and to examine what kind of implications the success of German Pirate Party has for the rise of single issue parties and the change of political process in the information society. The newly established parties concentrate often their politics on specific single issues in order to mobilize support of voters and to have strong political influence. The German Pirate Party, which conduct campaigns against copyright and internet censorship, have polled particularly well in recent state elections. This article suggests that the German Pirate Party owes its unprecedented success to the election system, party programs focusing on platform of political transparency and internet freedom, and horizontal networks. It, however, face challenges such as resolving ideological ambiguity or problems of liquid democracy voting system and crew model, or mobilizing loyal supporters.
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밀싹 추출물의 ERK와 Akt 인산화를 경유한 인간 모유두세포 증식 촉진효과
박설아(Seol a Park),인명희(Myoung hee In),우원홍(Won hong Woo),문연자(Yeun ja Mun) 대한약학회 2017 약학회지 Vol.61 No.3
We investigated the effect of Wheat Sprout MeOH extract (WSM) on cell proliferation, and analyzed the molecular mechanism in human hair dermal papilla cells (HHDPCs). After exposure to WSM in HHDPCs, cell proliferation was increased compared with minoxidil-treated cells. Treatment with WSM led to phosphorylation of extracellular signal-related kinase (ERK) and Akt. Moreover, WSM-mediated increase of cell proliferation was attenuated by PD98059, ERK inhibitor, and LY294002, Akt inhibitor. These results suggest that WSM induced cell proliferation in HHDPCs through activation of ERK and Akt.
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