해양에서 해양경찰의 조난선박 예인체계 개선방안

박상춘 한국해양경찰학회 2017 한국해양경찰학회보 Vol.7 No.1

삼면이 바다로 둘러싸여 51있는 우리나라의 특성상 선박 통항량 증가와 해양관광 문화가 확산되면서 재난적 해양사고 발생 개연성이 높아지고 있는 이때, 해양사고로 인한 재산피해 예방을 위한 수난구호 책임기관인 해양경찰의 위험요인 없는 단순 고장선박 예인에 관한 문제점을 중심으로 국가세력의 해양에서 조난선박 예인체계를 개선하기 위해 연구하였다. 이를 위해 외국 국가기관(미국․일본․중국)의 조난선 예인체계와 경찰과 소방의 사례를 비교․분석하고 해양수산부, 선박안전기술공단, 수협중앙회 및 기타 민간협회 등 국내 유관기관들의 단순 조난선박 예인업무 관련 추진사항을 검토하였다. 해양경비안전본부가 한정된 장비와 인력으로 광활한 해양의 각종 해양사고에 대응하여 성공적으로 임무를 수행하기 위하여 법률적 제도개선과 민․관 협력체제를 통한 국민적 공감대를 형성하고, 우수한 외국의 유사사례를 연구, 참조하여 단순 조난선박에 대한 ‘민간 위주 예인체계’ 정착을 위한 개선방안을 제시하고자 한다. Due to South Korea's characteristics, which include being surrounded by sea on three sides, ship traffic at ports has increased and the culture of coastal tour is widespread. This leads an increase in opportunities for catastrophic maritime disasters. The Korea Coast Guard, the organization responsible for property damage prevention due to maritime disaster, has focused on the simple towing of malfunctioning ships, which has no risk. It has also researched ways to improve the towing system of ships in distress since the ocean is regarded as national aggrandizement. Therefore, it compares and analyzes towing systems of ships in distress of foreign government organizations such as the United States, Japan, China and examples of police and firefighting. It checks on items for enforcement of the towing work of ships in distress in associated domestic organizations such as Ministry of Oceans and Fisheries, Korea Ship Safety Technology Authority, National Federation of Fisheries Cooperatives and non-official associations. It responds to disasters of various accidents with limited equipment and human resources. It forms a social consensus through improvement of law systems and public and private partnerships. It refers to the best similar examples of foreign countries to give guidance on improvement for roots of private towing systems regarding ships in distress.

Earnings Management and CEO Turnoverin Korean Credit Unions

박상춘,고완석,홍용식 한국국제회계학회 2018 국제회계연구 Vol.0 No.79

This study empirically tests whether and how CEOs of credit unions manage their reported earnings through management of allowance for bad debts (ABD) by examining distinct features of credit unions. With regard to the common ties of their members on which the unions are established, it tests whether credit unions’ earnings management differs by type of establishment ties. Then, because the CEOs of unions and their number of terms of office are determined by the direct election by their members, the study examines how earnings management is affected by the existence of the election. The study uses a specific accruals approach widely used in the literature on earnings management of financial companies. It uses bad debt expense (BDE), a major discretionary item, as the dependent variable and non-discretionary earnings as a primary explanatory variable to test the hypotheses. The sample comprises 7,445 Korean credit union firm-years spanning 2006 to 2015. The empirical results revealed that credit unions manage their reported earnings by using BDE, especially more in the first office term of their CEOs than in the consecutive term, and in the last year of the first term, and that earnings were more actively managed in regional unions than in association ones. This study provides policy implications. Financial supervisory authorities should improve the objectivity and clarity of asset soundness criteria, and provide better and objective estimation methods for expected loan recovery so as to minimize CEOs’ discretion in earnings management. They should also provide differential supervision for credit unions depending on their types of common ties and size.

영해 외측 항해장애물 처리에 관한 법적 고찰

박상춘 한국해양경찰학회 2018 한국해양경찰학회보 Vol.8 No.3

1982년 제정된 「해양법에 관한 국제연합 협약」(이하 유엔해양법)(United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea) 제58조 배타적경제수역에서의 다른 국가의 권리와 의무에 따라 연안국이거나 내륙국이거나 관계없이, 모든 국가는 이 협약의 관련규정에 따를 것을 조건으로, 배타적경제수역에서 항행․상공비행의 자유, 해저전선․ 관선부설의 자유 및 선박․항공기․해저전선․관선의 운용 등과 같이 이러한 자유와관련되는 것으로서 이 협약의 다른 규정과 양립하는 그 밖의 국제적으로 적법한 해양 이용의 자유를 향유한다. 우리나라의 경우 유엔해양법을 1996년에 발효하였고, 같은 해 국내법으로 「배타적경제수역법」을 제정하여 수용하였다. 또한, 선박에 떨어진 물건, 침몰․좌초된 선박 또는 이로부터 유실(遺失)된 적재물건 등을 항행장애물로 정의하고 항행장애물제거 책임자인 선박의 선장, 선박소유자 또는 선박운항자로 하여금 보고․표시․제거를 의무화하고, 불이행시 해역관리청이 직접 행한 후 그 비용을 징수하도록 「해사안전법」1)에 입법화 하였다. 다만, 이러한 경우에 사고 선박이 국내 입․출항을 하지 않는 선박이거나 항행장애물 제거책임자가 의무사항을 이행하지 않았을 경우 1천만 원 이하의 과태료 부과처분 이외에 제거 비용을 부담 하지 않을 경우에는 명확한 법적2)․실무적 해결방안이 없어 본 논문에서는 국제협약 및 국내법을 토대로 적절한 처리방안에 대한 검토와 개선방안을 살펴보고자 한다. According to the 1982 「United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea」article 58 Rights and duties of other states in the exclusive economic zone, whether coastal or land-locked country subject to the relevant provisions of this Convention, the freedoms referred to in article 87 of navigation and overflight and of the laying of submarine cables and pipelines, and other internationally lawful uses of the sea related to these freedoms such as those associated with the operation of ships, aircraft and submarine cables and pipelines, and compatible with the other provisions of this Convention. This Convention entered into force in 1996 and our country embraced the「Exclusive Economic Water Zone Law」as the domestic law of the same year. In addition, a foreign ship which is sailing in the exclusive economic zone of Korea is defined as a navigational obstacle, when the ship is sinking, capsizing cause by bad weather condition or losing a strength of stability – including product has fallen from the ship. The ship ower or captain of the vessel responsible for the removal of navigation obstacles obliges the report, display and remove of the navigation obstacle and if the vessel does not fulfill the obligation, the Administration Agency enacted the law in the Maritime Safety Law so that it can collect the cost after direct administration. However, in such cases if the accident vessel is a vessel may escape to a third country or if the navigation obstacle clearance manager does not fulfill the obligation. There is no clear legal and practical solution if the person responsible for the removal of the navigation obastacle does not pay for the cost of removing obstacles other than the penalty of 10 million won or less. In this paper, we review the appropriate treatment plan and improvement measures based on international treaties and domestic laws.

설탕, 과연 인체에 유해한가

박상춘 한국식품산업협회 1981 좋은식품 Vol.61 No.-

Spark Plasma Sintering법에 의해 예비 성형된 Al-10Si-5Fe-1Zr 분말합금의 고온 압축변형 거동

박상춘 ( Sang Choon Park ),김목순 ( Mok Soon Kim ),김경택 ( Kyung Taek Kim ),신승용 ( Seung Young Shin ),이정근 ( Jeong Keun Lee ),류관호 ( Kwan Ho Ryu ) 대한금속재료학회(구 대한금속학회) 2011 대한금속·재료학회지 Vol.49 No.11

Compressive deformation behavior of Al-10Si-5Fe-1Zr (wt%) alloy preform fabricated by SPS(spark plasma sintering) of gas atomized powder was investigated in the temperature range from 380 to 480℃ and at strain rates from 1.0×10?3 to 1.0×100 s?1. Stress-strain curves showed a peak stress (σp) during initial stage of deformation, followed by a steady state flow at all temperatures and strain rates tested. The σp decreased with both increase in temperature and decrease in strain rate. Nearly full densification was found to occur in the compressively deformed specimens irrespective of test condition. TEM observation revealed a restricted grain growth during steady state flow.

저시(Low Vision)아동의 운동능력에 관한 연구

박상춘 ( Sang Chun Park ),홍재영 ( Jae Young Hong ),한성희 ( Seong Hee Han ) 한국특수교육문제연구소 2008 특수교육저널 : 이론과 실천 Vol.9 No.1

이 연구는 시각장애아동의 운동능력의 실태를 알아보기 위해 단계적으로 접근하고자 하며, 우선 시각적 모방이 가능한 저시아동을 중심으로 운동능력 실태 및 연령별 발달의 경향을 알아보고자 한다. 이에 초등부 저시아동의 운동능력을 조사 분석하여 운동발달의 경향을 알아봄으로써, 시각장애아동의 신체활동과 관련된 교과교육과 개별화교육계획 및 교수-학습과 정의 계획을 수립하는데 기초자료를 제공하고자 한다. 이 연구의 결과 초등부에 재학 중인 저시아동은 저시아동의 성별에 따른 운동능력의 차이는 없었으나 생활연령에 비해 운동연령이 평균 48.31개월 정도의 지체를 보였으며, 생활연령 증가에 따른 운동능력 발달경향은 생활연령이 증가함에 따라 저시아동은 그들의 생활연령에서 기대되는 운동능력보다 현저하게 지체됨을 알 수 있었다. 이 연구의 결과를 토대로 시각 손상 아동의 학령기에서의 두드러진 지체를 보완.완화하기 위해 초등학교 저학년 시기에 적절한 운동발달 프로그램을 적용한다면 이러한 지체의 심화 과정을 좀 더 완화 시킬 수 있을 것이라 생각된다. 또한 저시아동의 지체된 운동능력을 보상하기 위한 적절한 운동발달 프로그램의 개발과 적용이 필요하다고 생각된다. 이러한 프로그램의 적용은 이후 계속되어지는 학령기 동안 저시아동이 적극적으로 신체활동이나 스포츠 또는 여가 활동에 참여할 수 있는 계기를 제공할 수 있을 것이다. The purpose of the study was to investigate low vision children``s tendency toward motor abilities and the development. The participants who have low-visual acuities consisted of 26 male students and 23 female students from 7 elementary special education school across the country. In addition, participants do not have any multiple disabilities except visual impairment. The sample was a purposive sampling method and it was examined and analyzed through Oseretsky test of motor proficiency The major findings of the study are summarized briefly below Fristly, comparing with total motor age and sub-categorical motor age, the results of the study, contact in the proper place for 0.89 months, contact in hand operation for 0.65 months, motor speed for 1.14 months, single operation accomplishment ability for 0.57 months were delayed. But there was a degree of development between contact in general operation for 1.25 months and same time voluntary operation for 1.29 months. There was statistically a significant differences for the results and there was statistically no significant differences for only single operation accomplishment ability Secondly, motor age delay was 48. 31 months average comparatively with chronological age and there was differences at the .001 significance level. Thirdly, There was no significance differences about gross motor abilities between male and female students who have visual impairment. But, there was a significant difference(p >.05) that female students than to the male students was delayed 7.92 months for motor speed among motor abilities in sub-category fourthly, as chronological age increasing, The development and process of the gross motor abilities of children with visual impairment little bit improved. But each age group showed motor delay from 28 months to 62.53 months and the more chronological age, the worse degree of delay The results of the study is able to provide basic information in terms of planning of subject education related motor activities, individualized education plan, and process of instruction and learning

이동통신 시장지배적 사업자의 방송사업자에 대한 M&A가 방송・통신・결합시장에 미치는 후생효과 분석: SKT vs 티브로드 M&A 사례

박추환(朴秋煥),김상춘(金相春) 한국지역정보화학회 2020 한국지역정보화학회지 Vol.23 No.2

본 연구는 SKT와 티브로드의 합병에 따른 시장점유율 변화를 예측하고 실증자료를 기반으로 소비자후생 및 후생손실의 변화를 추정하였다. 시장지배력을 가진 SKT가 방송사업자를 합병할 경우 합병 후 시장집중도는 이동통신시장과 결합시장 1을 제외하고 나머지 시장에서는 증가하는 것으로 나타나고 있다. 하지만, 결합 및 번호이동효과를 적용하였을 경우 이동통신 및 결합시장 1, 2는 현재수준의 시장집중도 수준으로 수렴하는 것으로 나타났으나, 나머지 유료방송시장, 초고속인터넷 및 결합시장 3의 시장집중도는 상승하는 것으로 나타남에 따라 방송・통신서비스시장 전체적으로 시장지배력이 유지되는 것을 확인할 수 있었다. 본 연구에서 수립한 점유율 시나리오의 기본가정만 적용하더라도 방송・통신시장 전반적인 시장손실 규모가 커질 수 있음을 확인할 수 있다. 방송・통신기술의 발전으로 서비스의 융복합화가 이루어지는 시점에서 단일 시장에 대한 규제는 무의미 한 것으로 보여진다. 즉, 원할한 경쟁체계를 형성하기 위해 지배적사업자에 대해서는 시장지배력 집중을 완화할 수 있는 규제가 필요하고, 나머지 사업자는 사업자간 M&A 활성화를 통해 방송통신 및 결합시장에서의 경쟁활성화 정책이 필요하다고 생각된다. This study predicted changes in market share due to the merger between SKT and Tbroad and estimated changes in consumer welfare and welfare losses based on empirical data. When SKT, which has market power, merges broadcasters, the market concentration after the merger is increasing in the rest of the market, excluding the mobile communication market and the combined market 1. However, when the combined and number porting effects were applied, the mobile communication and combined markets 1 and 2 were found to converge to the current level of market concentration, but the market concentration of the remaining paid broadcasting market, broadband internet, and combined market 3 rose. As a result, it was confirmed that the market dominance was maintained throughout the broadcasting and communication service market. It can be seen that even if only the basic assumptions of the market share scenario established in this study are applied, the overall market loss in the broadcasting and telecommunications markets can increase. At the point of convergence of services due to the development of broadcasting and communication technologies, regulation on a single market is considered to be meaningless. In other words, in order to establish a smooth competition system, dominant operators need regulation to ease the concentration of market dominance, and it is necessary to promote competition in the broadcasting and telecommunications and combined markets by activating M&A between operators.

백서 연조직 창상 치유 기전에 관한 광학현미경 및 면역조직화학적 연구

박상춘(Sang Chun Park),김경욱(Kyung Wook Kim),이재훈(Jae Hoon Lee),김창진(Chang Jin Kim) 대한구강악안면외과학회 1999 대한구강악안면외과학회지 Vol.25 No.2

Once tissue are injured by certain causes, our body can t maintain a normal biologic rhythm, and because of this, wound healing responses start right after the injury. The healing process can be divided into four stages: ① inflammatory phase ② epithelialization phase ③ proliferation phase ④ maturation phase. Each phase is overlapped and continued without any apparently distinguishable characteristics. The factors affecting on wound healing are wound management, nutritional element, environment factor, and existence of other diseases. This research was focused on overall examination of tissue alteration on each stage of wound healing by artificially designing skin defect on rats so that the result from the examination could be easily applied to clinical activity. To do this, After the hair on the dorsal surface was shaved, 15×8㎜ oval skin defect was formed. The rats were examined intensely on the 3rd, 7th, 15th, 21st day, and were sacrificed on the 30th day. After fabricating 4㎛ paraffin specimen, H-E staining, MT staining, immunohistochemical study using PCNA and α-SMA were performed respectively. The outcomes were as follows: 1. On the 3rd day, severe edema, and acute inflammatory reaction were seen. Collagen deposition and blood vessel proliferation were started from the 7th day. On the 15th day, collagen deposition was increased and new blood vessel proliferation was intensified. 2. Acute inflammatory reaction was completely disappeared and collagen deposition was critically increased on the 21st day. Reepithelialization observed from the 21st day reached at the nearly normal status on the 30th day. 3. In the control group, PCNA positive reaction was seen on the basal layer and hair follicle of epidermis ; however, in the experimental group, PCNA positive reaction was increased on the basal cell layer and hair follicle as re-epithelialization occurred. 4. Blood vessel proliferation observed by α-SMA positive reaction was the most intense on the 15th day, and as time went by, the proliferation decreased. As re-epithelialization was continued, α-SMA positive reaction increased on the basal cell layer of epidermis and surrounding hair follicle. According to the above results, it was confirmed that the re-epithelialization of rats began on the 21st day when inflammatory reaction was disappeared and, on the 30th day, it was recovered to the stage similar to a normal status. This kind of recovery from skin defect started with re-epithelialization on the basal cell layer and surrounding hair follicle.

해양 조난수신 대응체계 개선방안에 관한 연구

박상춘(Sang-Chun Park),김영습(Young-Sup Kim) 한국항해항만학회 2015 한국항해항만학회 학술대회논문집 Vol.2015 No.추계

해상에서 조난신호를 발사할 수 있는 장비는 전 세계해상 조난 및 안전제도(Global Maritime Distress Safety System) 해역의 구분에 따라 A1 해역은 초단파(Very High Frequency) 그리고 레이더 트랜스 폰더(SART), A2 해역은 중 단파대(MF/HF Radio Equipment)무선통신장비, A3 해역은 INMARSAT 그리고 A4 해역은 비상위치지시용 무선표지설비(Emergency Position Indicating Radio Beacon) 등으로 구분할 수 있으며, 조난을 수신할 수 있는 무선국은 해양경비안전본부 소속의 구난무선국, 경비함정, 상황센터, 해상교통관제센터 등으로 분산되어져 각각 운영하고 있다. 이로 인해 조난의 중복수신, 통계의 부정확, 다수의 컨트롤 타워 등의 문제점이 상존해 있는 실정이다. 아울러 현재 해양경비안전본부 주관으로 전국 5개 구난무선국을 하나의 국제안전통신센터로 구축하기 위해서 추진 중에 있다. 기존 5개 구난무선국을 하나의 국제안전통신센터로 구축하는 것은 향후 국가간 정보연계 측면에서는 효율적이나 실제 해양사고 발생 시 효율적으로 대응하기에는 다소 애로점을 안고 있는 실정이다. 이에 따라 본 연구에서 실제 해양사고 발생시 가장 신속하게 대응할 수 있는 체계를 제안하고자 한다. Equipments that can transmit maritime distress signals in accordance to Global Maritime Distress Safety System are the followings: A1 water(Very High Frequency, SART), A2 water(MF/HF Radio Equipment), A3 water(INMARSAT), A4 water(Emergency Position Indicating Radio Beacon). Institutions with the capacity to receive distress signals are Korea Coast Guard affiliated radio stations, patrol ships, Rescue Coordination centers, Vessel Traffic centers, Complex problems regarding repetitive distress alarms, inaccurate statistics, multiple control towers are existent. Consequently, effective measurement to resolve dispersed operating maritime distress signal system are in time of need. Moreover, current KCG Headquarter is considering to integrate five distress radio stations dispersed across nation into a single international safety communication center. The integration of radio stations are efficient in terms of information coordination between nations, however, it cannot support efficient response to real-time maritime incident. Therefore, in this study, a new system that can rapidly response to real-time maritime incident will be proposed.

공업계 고등학교 전자과 현장 실습 실태에 관한 조사 연구

박상춘(Sang Choon Park),이상혁(Sang Hyuk Lee) 대한공업교육학회 2002 대한공업교육학회지 Vol.27 No.1

The purpose of this study is to discover problems about service training of industrial in the electronic department of technical high school by investigating and analyzing the current status, to suggest an improvement plan, and to provide basic materials for efficient performance of service training of industrial. For the questionnaire survey of the research, we selected 66 teachers and 153 third year students who were in service training of industrial from the electronic department of 9 technical high schools that had the electronic department and were located in Jeollanam-do, and 75 company staffs who supervised the trainees at 21 companies that offered the training and were located in Gwangju, Seoul, and Gyeonggi-do. The results of the investigation and analysis are as follows. (1) The students, teachers, and company staffs agreed on the necessity in service training of industrial. However, it is required for them to recognize correctly that the end of service training in industrial is to practice the majoring area rather than simply to experience life in the industrial. (2) With regard to the proper period in service training of industrial, the teachers disagreed with the company staffs, but a largely accepted period was the 5˘6 months from the after midterm examination of the first semester to just before the graduation. (3) Remedy for accidents appeared still inadequate and working environments and safety education unsatisfactory. It is required to provide sufficient education for safety. (4) The students of 63.4% complained of excessive overtime work and impersonal treatment, and the company staffs of 53.3% pointed out insincere attitude of trainees such as absence and negligence as their complaint against students in service training of industrial. (5) It was found that both of the teachers and the company staffs wanted to set up sisterhood relationship with each other for service training of industrial.